ASTM E1824-13

Standard Test Method for Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using Thermomechanical Analysis: Tension Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The glass transition is dependent on the thermal history, softening agents or additives of the material to be tested. For amorphous and semicrystalline materials the assignment of a glass transition temperature may lead to important information about thermal history, processing conditions, stability, progress of chemical reactions, and mechanical and electrical behavior.  
5.2 Thermomechanical analysis provides a rapid means of detecting changes in hardness or linear dimensional change associated with the glass transition. Dimensional changes measured as a specimen is heated over the glass transition region may include the interaction of several effects: an increase in the coefficient of expansion, a decrease in the modulus, which under a constant stress leads to increased extension, stress relief leading to irreversible dimensional change (shrinkage in one dimension, expansion in another dimension), and physical aging effects which change the kinetics of the dimensional change.  
5.3 This test method is useful for research and development, quality control, and specification acceptance testing; particularly of films and fibers.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the assignment of a glass transition temperature (Tg) of materials on heating using thermomechanical measurements in tension.  
1.2 This test method may be used as a complement to Test Method E1545 and is applicable to amorphous or to partially crystalline materials in the form of films, fibers, wires, etc., that are sufficiently rigid to inhibit extension during loading at ambient temperature.  
1.3 The generally applicable temperature range for this test method is −100 to 600°C. This temperature range may be altered depending upon the instrumentation used.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 There is no ISO method equivalent to this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2013
• ICS: 17.200.10 - Heat. Calorimetry
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.10 - Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1824-09e1 - Standard Test Method for Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using Thermomechanical Analysis: Tension Method
• Effective Date: 01-Aug-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1824 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using
1
Thermomechanical Analysis: Tension Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scanning Calorimetry
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the assignment
3. Terminology
of a glass transition temperature (T ) of materials on heating
g
3.1 Definitions:
using thermomechanical measurements in tension.
3.1.1 The following terms are applicable to this test method
1.2 This test method may be used as a complement to Test
and can be found in Terminology E473 and Terminology
Method E1545 and is applicable to amorphous or to partially
E1142: thermomechanical analysis (TMA),
crystallinematerialsintheformoffilms,fibers,wires,etc.,that
thermodilatometry, glass transition, and glass transition tem-
are sufficiently rigid to inhibit extension during loading at
perature.
ambient temperature.
1.3 The generally applicable temperature range for this test 4. Summary of Test Method
method is −100 to 600°C. This temperature range may be
4.1 Thistestmethodusesthermomechanicalanalysisequip-
altered depending upon the instrumentation used.
ment (thermomechanical analyzer, dilatometer, or similar de-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as vice)withthetestspecimenintensiontodeterminethechange
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this in dimension of a thin specimen observed when the material is
standard. subjected to a constant heating rate through the glass transition
region. This change in dimension associated with the change
1.5 There is no ISO method equivalent to this standard.
from vitreous solid to amorphous liquid is observed as move-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mentofasensingprobeindirectcontactwiththespecimenand
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
isrecordedasafunctionoftemperature.Theintersectionofthe
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
extrapolation of the slope of the probe displacement curve
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
before and after the transition is used to determine a tempera-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
ture that is assigned as the glass transition temperature.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 The glass transition is dependent on the thermal history,
E473Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
softening agents or additives of the material to be tested. For
ology
amorphous and semicrystalline materials the assignment of a
E1142Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
glass transition temperature may lead to important information
E1545Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition
aboutthermalhistory,processingconditions,stability,progress
Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis
of chemical reactions, and mechanical and electrical behavior.
E2602Test Method for theAssignment of the Glass Transi-
5.2 Thermomechanical analysis provides a rapid means of
tion Temperature by Modulated Temperature Differential
detecting changes in hardness or linear dimensional change
associated with the glass transition. Dimensional changes
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
measured as a specimen is heated over the glass transition
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on
region may include the interaction of several effects: an
Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
increase in the coefficient of expansion, a decrease in the
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originally
ε1
modulus, which under a constant stress leads to increased
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1824–09 . DOI:
10.1520/E1824-13.
extension, stress relief leading to irreversible dimensional
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
change (shrinkage in one dimension, expansion in another
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
dimension), and physical aging effects which change the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. kinetics of the dimensional change.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E1824 − 13
ployed when oxidation in air is a concern. Unless effects of moisture
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: E1824 − 09 E1824 − 13
Standard Test Method for
Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using
1
Thermomechanical Analysis: Tension Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Added research report information to Section 13 editorially in September 2010.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the assignment of a glass transition temperature (T ) of materials on heating using
g
thermomechanical measurements.measurements in tension.
1.2 This test method may be used as a complement to Test Method E1545 and is applicable to amorphous or to partially
crystalline materials in the form of films, fibers, wires, etc.etc., that are sufficiently rigid to inhibit extension during loading at
ambient temperature.
1.3 The generally applicable temperature range for this test method is −100 to 600°C. This temperature range may be altered
depending upon the instrumentation used.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 There is no ISO method equivalent to this method.standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1545 Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis
E1970 Practice for Statistical Treatment of Thermoanalytical Data
E2602 Test Method for the Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by Modulated Temperature Differential Scanning
Calorimetry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 The following terms are applicable to this test method and can be found in Terminology E473 and Terminology E1142:
thermomechanical analysis (TMA), thermodilatometry, glass transition, and glass transition temperature.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method uses thermomechanical analysis equipment (thermomechanical analyzer, dilatometer, or similar device)
with the test specimen in tension to determine the change in dimension of a thin specimen observed when the material is subjected
to a constant heating rate through the glass transition region. This change in dimension associated with the change from vitreous
solid to amorphous liquid is observed as movement of a sensing probe in direct contact with the specimen and is recorded as a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on Fundamental,
Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009Aug. 1, 2013. Published February 2010August 2013. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20082009 as
ε1
E1824 – 08.E1824 – 09 . DOI: 10.1520/E1824-09E01.10.1520/E1824-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E1824 − 13
function of temperature. The intersection of the extrapolation of the slope of the probe displacement curve before and after the
transition is used to determine a temperature that is assigned as the glass transition temperature.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The glass transition is dependent on the thermal history, softening agents or additives of the material to be tested. For
amorphous and semicrystalline materials the assignment of a glass transition temperature may lead to important information about
thermal history, processing conditions, stability, progress of chemical reactions, and mechanical and electrical behavior.
5.2 Thermomechanical analysis provides a rapid means of detecting changes in hardness or linear dim
...