ASTM D519-04(2008)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Length of Fiber in Wool Top
Standard Test Method for Length of Fiber in Wool Top
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Knowledge of the average fiber length and the distribution of fibers is of primary importance to users of top in further processing.
Acceptance specifications for the fiber length and length distribution may be established by the user based on the type of yarn-making equipment employed and the desired end uses.
Test Method D 519 for testing wool top for fiber length is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing and the current estimates of the between-laboratory precisions are acceptable.
In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative testing to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are from a lot of the type material in question. The test specimens should then be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.
(Front View) (Rear View) 1—Frame. 5—Drawing clamp. 2—Faller bars. 6—Depressor. 3—Side comb. 7—Plush board. 4—Retaining bars. 8—Faller bar lifting plate.FIG. 1 Wool Fiber Stapling Apparatus
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the average length and length distribution of fibers in wool top, on a mass-biased basis. The method is applicable to all types of fibers in sliver formed from long parallelized fibers.
Note 1—The determination of fiber length of wool is covered in Test Method D 1575, Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wool and in Card Sliver, the staple length of grease wool is covered in Test Method D 1234, Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Length of Grease Wool.
Note 2—This test method specifically requires length in inches and mass in SI units and is not contrary to ASTM policy. The SI units in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D519 − 04(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Length of Fiber in Wool Top
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D519; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D123.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the average
length and length distribution of fibers in wool top, on a
4. Summary of Test Method
mass-biased basis. The method is applicable to all types of
4.1 The weight (mass) of fibers, in definite length
fibers in sliver formed from long parallelized fibers.
increments, is determined for each specimen or group of
NOTE 1—The determination of fiber length of wool is covered in Test
specimens forming one sample. From the data obtained, the
Method D1575, Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wool
weight-biased average fiber length and the weight-biased
and in Card Sliver, the staple length of grease wool is covered in Test
distribution is calculated. A cumulative weight average length
Method D1234, Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Length of
frequency curve may be plotted.
Grease Wool.
NOTE 2—This test method specifically requires length in inches and
5. Significance and Use
mass in SI units and is not contrary to ASTM policy. The SI units in
parentheses are provided for information only.
5.1 Knowledge of the average fiber length and the distribu-
tion of fibers is of primary importance to users of top in further
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
processing.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 Acceptance specifications for the fiber length and length
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
distributionmaybeestablishedbytheuserbasedonthetypeof
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
yarn-making equipment employed and the desired end uses.
5.3 Test Method D519 for testing wool top for fiber length
2. Referenced Documents
is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shipments since the method has been used extensively in the
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
trade for acceptance testing and the current estimates of the
D1234 Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Length
between-laboratory precisions are acceptable.
of Grease Wool
5.3.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
D1575 Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
Wool and in Card Sliver
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
plier should conduct comparative testing to determine if there
D4845 Terminology Relating to Wool
is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent
statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of
3. Terminology
bias.As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
3.1 Definitions—For definition of textile terms used in this
specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are
test method refer to Terminology D4845.
from a lot of the type material in question. The test specimens
should then be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles
for testing. The average results from the two laboratories
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
should be compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired data
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally
and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties
approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D519 – 04. DOI:
10.1520/D0519-04R08.
before testing is begun. If a bias is found either its cause must
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier must
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website bias.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D519 − 04 (2008)
(Front View) (Rear View)
1—Frame. 5—Drawing clamp.
2—Faller bars. 6—Depressor.
3—Side comb. 7—Plush board.
4—Retaining bars. 8—Faller bar lifting plate.
FIG. 1 Wool Fiber Stapling Apparatus
TABLE 1 Form with Recorded Data Showing the Calculation of the Average Fiber Length of Wool, the Standard Deviation, and
Coefficient of Variation
NOTE 1—When using equipment graduated in metric units, use class intervals 10 mm long, and calculate the average and standard deviation to the
nearest 0.2 mm.
Cumulative Frequencies
Class Intervals, in. Mass, g Percentages
First Cumulative, Second Cumulative,
less than less than
6.0 to 6.5 0.014 2.4 100.0 840.1
5.5 to 6.0 0.010 1.7 97.6 740.1
5.0 to 5.5 0.013 2.2 95.9 642.5
4.5 to 5.0 0.018 3.1 93.7 546.6
4.0 to 4.5 0.038 6.5 90.6 452.9
3.5 to 4.0 0.051 8.7 84.1 362.3
3.0 to 3.5 0.062 10.6 75.4 278.2
2.5 to 3.0 0.072 12.3 64.8 202.8
2.0 to 2.5 0.079 13.5 52.5 138.0
1.5 to 2.0 0.080 13.6 39.0 85.5
1.0 to 1.5 0.065 11.0 25.4 46.5
0.5 to 1.0 0.045 7.7 14.4 21.1
0 to 0.5 0.039 6.7 6.7 6.7
Totals 0.586 100.0 =^ 840.1 4363.3
Divided by^ percentages F = 8.40 F = 43.63
1 2
B = the largest midpoint value for which a frequency is recorded = 6.25 in.
m = the class interval = 0.5 in.
Percentage of fibers under 2 in. = 39.0 %.
Calculations:
¯
X5B2m F 21 56.2520.5 8.4021 52.55 in.
~ !
~ 1 !
s5m=2F 2F 2F 50.5 =87.2628.40270.5651.44 in.
2 1 1
v = 100 (σ/X) = 100 × (1.4/2.6) = 56.47 %.
where:
¯
X = average fiber length of wool,
s = standard deviation, and
v = coefficient of variation.
D519 − 04 (2008)
6. Apparatus right side of the sorter as viewed by the operator. Lift and
secure the faller bars (2, Fig. 1) in a horizontal position.
6.1 Comb Sorter, which can be used to separate long fibers
into 0.50-in. (12.7-mm) groups and the shorter fibers into 9.3 Immediately prior to performing the test, take one sliver
from the cardboard cylinder. Holding the sliver under light
0.25-in. (6.4-mm) groups. The essential parts are shown in
Fig. 1. The bar or comb intervals are set at 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) tensionplaceitonthepinsontheright-handsideinsuchaway
that approximately 6 in. (150 mm) of sliver extends in front of
and 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).
thefirstfallerbarandpressdownwiththedepressor(6,Fig.1).
NOTE 3—Essentially, the same facilities can be secured with two Baer
The specimen should be confined to a width of not more than
or two Zweigle sorters, or two Shirley units.
1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm).
6.1.1 Faller Bars, free of broken, missing, crooked, dull, or
9.4 Using the hands, take and discard small amounts of
corroded pins (2, Fig. 1).
fibers not to exceed ⁄2-in. (12.7-mm) increments from the
6.1.2 Clamp, with jaws that meet straight and flush, and
overhanging end of the sliver until not more than 1 ⁄4 in. (30
impart uniform pressure when closed (5, Fig. 1).
mm) extends forward of the front faller bar.
6.1.3 Depressor, at least as long as the sorter (6, Fig. 1).
9.5 By means of the drawing clamp (5, Fig. 1) pull off the
6.2 Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.1 mg.
projecting fibers until the over-hanging portion of the sliver is
6.3 Cardboard Cylinder, approximately 3 in. (75 mm) in
squared and has an edge approximately ⁄4 in. (20 mm) forward
diameter, 8 in. (200 mm) in length, and having a ⁄8-in. (3-mm)
of the front faller bar. Discard the fibers removed.
wall thickness.
9.6 By means of the drawing clamp, grip the fibers across
the full width of the sliver to a depth not to exceed ⁄16 in. (1.6
7. Sampling
mm) from the ends of the fibers (Note 4). Pull the fibers
7.1 Lot Sample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
straight out slowly and pass them twice gently through the
four lot sampling units (bales or cartons) for each 20 000 lb
small combing bar. Discard all fibers removed by the small
(9000 kg) or fraction thereof.
combing bar (Note 5).
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
NOTE 4—The depth of the clamp on the sliver and the length of the
tance testing, draw one
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation:D519–90(Reapproved1995) Designation:D519–04 (Reapproved 2008)
Standard Test Method for
Length of Fiber in Wool Top
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 519; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in June 1995.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the average length and length distribution of fibers in wool top, on a
mass-biased basis. The method is applicable to all types of fibers in sliver formed from long parallelized fibers.
NOTE 1—The determination of fiber length of wool is covered in Test Method D 1575, Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wool and
in Card Sliver, the staple length of grease wool is covered in Test Method D 1234, Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Length of Grease Wool.
NOTE 2—This test method specifically requires length in inches and mass in SI units and is not contrary toASTM policy. The SI units in parentheses
are provided for information only.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D 1234 Test Method of Sampling and Testing Staple Length of Grease Wool
D 1575 Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in Scoured Wool and in Card Sliver
D 1776Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
D2130Test Method for Diameter of Wool and OtherAnimal Fibers by Microprojection Practice for Conditioning and Testing
Textiles
D 4845 Terminology Relating to Wool
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1top, n—in wool, a continuous untwisted strand of wool fibers from which the shorter fibers or noils have been removed by
combing.
3.1.2For definitions of textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123For definition of textile terms used in
this test method refer to Terminology D 4845.
3.1.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D 123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The weight (mass) of fibers, in definite length increments, is determined for each specimen or group of specimens forming
one sample. From the data obtained, the weight-biased average fiber length and the weight-biased distribution is calculated. A
cumulative weight average length frequency curve may be plotted.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Knowledge of the average fiber length and the distribution of fibers is of primary importance to users of top in further
processing.
5.2 Acceptance specifications for the fiber length and length distribution may be established by the user based on the type of
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on Textiles, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Wool Felt.
Current edition approved Feb. 23, 1990. Published July 1990. Originally published as D519–38T. Last previous edition D519–78 (1983).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1938. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 519 – 04.
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards,
Vol 07.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D519–04 (2008)
yarn-making equipment employed and the desired end uses.
5.3 Test Method D 519 for testing wool top for fiber length is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial
shipments since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing and the current estimates of the
between-laboratory precisions are acceptable.
5.3.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of
commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative testing to determine if there is a statistical bias
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.As a minimum, the two
parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogenous as possible and that are from a lot of the type material in
question. The test specimens should then be assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from
the two laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the
two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and supplier
must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.
TABLE 1 Form with Recorded Data Showing the Calculation of the Average Fiber Length of Wool, the Standard Deviation, and
Coefficient of Variation
NOTE 1—When using equipment graduated in metric units, use class intervals 10 mm long, and calculate the average and standard deviation to the
nearest 0.2 mm.
Cumulative Frequencies
Class Intervals, in. Mass, g Percentages
First Cumulative, Second Cumulative,
less than less than
6.0 to 6.5 0.014 2.4 100.0 840.1
5.5 to 6.0 0.010 1.7 97.6 740.1
5.0 to 5.5 0.013 2.2 95.9 642.5
4.5 to 5.0 0.018 3.1 93.7 546.6
4.0 to 4.5 0.038 6.5 90.6 452.9
3.5 to 4.0 0.051 8.7 84.1 362.3
3.0 to 3.5 0.062 10.6 75.4 278.2
2.5 to 3.0 0.072 12.3 64.8 202.8
2.0 to 2.5 0.079 13.5 52.5 138.0
1.5 to 2.0 0.080 13.6 39.0 85.5
1.0 to 1.5 0.065 11.0 25.4 46.5
0.5 to 1.0 0.045 7.7 14.4 21.1
0 to 0.5 0.039 6.7 6.7 6.7
Totals 0.586 100.0 = ( 840.1 4363.3
Divided by ( percentages F = 8.40 F = 43.63
1 2
B = the largest midpoint value for which a frequency is recorded = 6.25 in.
m = the class interval = 0.5 in.
Percentage of fibers under 2 in. = 39.0 %.
Calculations:
¯
X 5 B 2 m~F 2 1! 5 6.25 2 0.5~8.40 2 1! 5 2.55 in.
s 5 m=2F 2 F 2 F 5 0.5 =87.26 2 8.40 2 70.56 5 1.44 in.
2 1 1
v 5 100 ~s/X!5 1003~1.4/2.6!5 56.47 %.
where:
¯
X 5 average fiber length of wool,
s 5 standard deviation, and
v 5 coefficient of variation.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Comb Sorter, which can be used to separate long fibers into 0.50-in. (12.7-mm) groups and the shorter fibers into 0.25-in.
(6.4-mm) groups. The essential parts are shown in Fig. 1. The bar or comb intervals are set at 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) and 0.25 in. (6.4
mm).
NOTE 3—Essentially, the same facilities can be secured with two Baer or two Zweigle sorters, or two Shirley units.
6.1.1 Faller Bars, free of broken, missing, crooked, dull, or corroded pins ( 2, Fig. 1).
6.1.2 Clamp, with jaws that meet straight and flush, and impart uniform pressure when closed (5, Fig. 1).
6.1.3 Depressor, at least as long as the sorter (6, Fig. 1).
6.2 Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.1 mg.
Apparatus meeting these requirements furnished by Alfred Suter Co., Prell Plaza, Orangeburg, NY, has been found satisfactory.
D519–04 (2008)
(Front View) (Rear View)
1—Frame. 5—Drawing clamp.
2—Faller bars. 6—Depressor.
3—Side comb. 7—Plush board.
4—Retaining bars. 8—Faller bar lifting plate.
FIG. 1 Wool Fiber Stapling Apparatus
6.3 Cardboard Cylinder, approximately 3 in. (75 mm) in diameter, 8 in. (200 mm) in length, and having a ⁄8-in. (3-mm) wall
thickness.
7. Sampling
7.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptancetesting, takefour lot samplingunits(balesorcartons)foreach20 000lb(9000
kg) or fraction thereof.
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for acceptance testing, draw one section of sliver from the balled top, at least
1 yd (1 m) in length from each lot sample unit. Material should be taken from the outside of the balled top. Wind the samples by
handontocardboardcylindersunderatensionofapproximately4.9Nandwithatwistofapproximatelyfiveturnspermetre.These
conditions can be produced conveniently as follows: Clamp a 0.45-kg mass onto one end of the sliver while holding the other end
of the sliver in one hand, insert five turns of twist. Wind the sliver onto the cardboard cylinder while maintaining the tension and
twist.
7.3 Specimen—Use each laboratory sample unit (a section of sliver from each lot sample unit) as a separate specimen for a
complete
...
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