ASTM E1545-11

Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis

SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures for the assignment of the glass transition temperature of materials on heating using thermomechanical measurements under prescribed experimental conditions.
1.2 This test method is applicable to amorphous or to partially crystalline materials that are sufficiently rigid below the glass transition to inhibit indentation by the sensing probe.
1.3 The normal operating temperature range is from 100 to 600°C. This temperature range may be extended depending upon the instrumentation used.
1.4 SI units are the standard.
1.5 This test method is related to ISO 11359-2. ISO 11359-2 additionally covers the determination of coefficient of linear thermal expansion not covered by this test method. This test method is related to IEC 61006 but uses a slower heating rate.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2011
• ICS: 81.040.01 - Glass in general
• Technical Committee: E37 - Thermal Measurements
• Drafting Committee: E37.10 - Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E1545-05 - Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by Thermomechanical Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D1676-17 - Standard Test Methods for Film-Insulated Magnet Wire
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E1640-23 - Standard Test Method for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature By Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2602-22 - Standard Test Methods for Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by Modulated Temperature Differential Scanning Calorimetry
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D3794-22 - Standard Guide for Testing Coil Coatings
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E1824-19 - Standard Test Method for Assignment of a Glass Transition Temperature Using Thermomechanical Analysis: Tension Method
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E1545 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by
1
Thermomechanical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E1142Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1363Test Method forTemperature Calibration ofThermo-
1.1 This test method describes procedures for the assign-
mechanical Analyzers
mentoftheglasstransitiontemperatureofmaterialsonheating
2.2 Other Standard:
using thermomechanical measurements under compression
ISO 11359-2Plastics—Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA)
experimental conditions.
– Part 2: Determination of Coefficient of Linear Thermal
1.2 This test method is applicable to amorphous or to 3
Expansion and Glass Transition Temperature
partially crystalline materials that are sufficiently rigid below
IEC 61006Methods of Test for the Determination of the
the glass transition to inhibit indentation by the sensing probe.
GlassTransitionTemperature of Electrical Insulating Ma-
4
terials
1.3 The normal operating temperature range is from−100
to 600°C. This temperature range may be extended depending
3. Terminology
upon the instrumentation used.
3.1 Definitions—The following terms are applicable to this
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
test method and can be found in Terminologies E473 and
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E1142: thermomechanical analysis (TMA), thermomechanical
standard.
measurement, thermodilatometry, glass transition, glass tran-
1.5 ThistestmethodisrelatedtoISO11359-2.ISO11359-2
sition temperature, and linear thermal expansion.
additionally covers the determination of coefficient of linear
thermal expansion not covered by this test method. This test 4. Summary of Test Method
method is related to IEC 61006 but uses a slower heating rate.
4.1 Thistestmethodusesthermomechanicalanalysisequip-
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ment (thermomechanical analyzer, dilatometer, or similar de-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
vice)toassignthechangeindimensionofaspecimenobserved
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
when the material is subjected to a constant heating rate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
through its glass transition. This change in dimension associ-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
atedwiththechangefromvitreoussolidtoamorphousliquidis
tionary statements are given in Section 7.
observed as movement of the sensing probe in direct contact
withthespecimenandisrecordedasafunctionoftemperature.
2. Referenced Documents
The intersection of the extrapolation of the slope of the probe
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: displacement curve before and after the transition is used to
determine the glass transition temperature.
E473Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
ology
5. Significance and Use
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method 5.1 The glass transition is dependent on the thermal history
ofthematerialtobetested.Foramorphousandsemicrystalline
materials the assignment of the glass transition temperature
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE37onThermal
may lead to important information about thermal history,
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on
processingconditions,stability,progressofchemicalreactions,
Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally and mechanical and electrical behavior.
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1545–05. DOI:
10.1520/E1545-11.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue de
the ASTM website. Varembé, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E1545 − 11
5.2 Thermomechanical analysis provides a rapid means of 6.1.8 A means of sustaining an environment aro
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:E1545–05 Designation:E1545–11
Standard Test Method for
Assignment of the Glass Transition Temperature by
1
Thermomechanical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1545; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method describes procedures for the assignment of the glass transition temperature of materials on heating using
thermomechanical measurements under prescribedcompression experimental conditions.
1.2 This test method is applicable to amorphous or to partially crystalline materials that are sufficiently rigid below the glass
transition to inhibit indentation by the sensing probe.
1.3 Thenormaloperatingtemperaturerangeisfrom−100to600°C.Thistemperaturerangemaybeextendeddependingupon
the instrumentation used.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This test method is related to ISO 11359-2. ISO 11359-2 additionally covers the determination of coefficient of linear
thermal expansion not covered by this test method. This test method is related to IEC 61006 but uses a slower heating rate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
2.2 Other Standard:
ISO 11359-2 Plastics—Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) – Part 2: Determination of Coefficient of Linear Thermal
3
Expansion and Glass Transition Temperature
4
IEC 61006 Methods of Test for the Determination of the Glass Transition Temperature of Electrical Insulating Materials
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The following terms are applicable to this test method and can be found in Terminologies E473 and E1142:
thermomechanical analysis (TMA ), thermomechanical measurement, thermodilatometry, glass transition, glass transition
temperature, and linear thermal expansion.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Thistestmethodusesthermomechanicalanalysisequipment(thermomechanicalanalyzer,dilatometer,orsimilardevice)to
assign the change in dimension of a specimen observed when the material is subjected to a constant heating rate through its glass
transition.Thischangeindimensionassociatedwiththechangefromvitreoussolidtoamorphousliquidisobservedasmovement
of the sensing probe in direct contact with the specimen and is recorded as a function of temperature. The intersection of the
extrapolation of the slope of the probe displacement curve before and after the transition is used to determine the glass transition
temperature.
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommittee E37onThermalMeasurementsandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommittee E37.10onFundamental,
Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Dec.April 1, 2005.2011. Published August 2006.May 2011. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20002005 as
E1545–005. DOI: 10.1520/E1545-05.10.1520/E1545-11.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,[e-mail] Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
4
Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3 rue de Varembé, Case postale 131, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

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E1545–11
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The glass transition is dependent on the thermal history of the material to be tested. For amorphous and semicry
...