ASTM D5761-96
(Practice)Standard Practice for Emulsification/Suspension of Multiphase Fluid Waste Materials
Standard Practice for Emulsification/Suspension of Multiphase Fluid Waste Materials
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the generation of a single-phase suspension or emulsion from multiphase samples which are primarily liquid in order to facilitate sample preparation, transfer, and analysis.
1.2 This practice is designed to keep a multiphase fluid sample in an emulsified/suspended state long enough to take a single, composite sample that is representative of the sample as a whole. The sample may reform multiple layers after standing.
1.3 The emulsion/suspension generated by following this practice can be used only for analytical procedures designed for the total sample and procedures not significantly affected by the emulsifier or the presence of an emulsion/suspension.
1.4 This practice assumes that a representative sample of not more than one litre has been obtained.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 5761 – 96 An American National Standard
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Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Practice for
Emulsification/Suspension of Multiphase Fluid Waste
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5761; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope purpose that visibly involves a solid and at least one liquid
phase or more than one liquid phase without any solid present.
1.1 This practice covers the generation of a single-phase
suspension or emulsion from multiphase samples which are
4. Summary of Practice
primarily liquid in order to facilitate sample preparation,
4.1 An emulsifier is added and mixed well with a sample of
transfer, and analysis.
multiphase fluid waste material, to produce a uniform mixture
1.2 This practice is designed to keep a multiphase fluid
suitable for subsequent aliquoting. A satisfactory homogeniza-
sample in an emulsified/suspended state long enough to take a
tion has been attained when the sample appears to remain as a
single, composite sample that is representative of the sample as
single phase for 30 s or longer.
a whole. The sample may reform multiple layers after standing.
1.3 The emulsion/suspension generated by following this 4.2 A calcium sulfonate emulsifier is used when the original
sample is primarily organic in nature; a polyethylene glycol
practice can be used only for analytical procedures designed
for the total sample and procedures not significantly affected by monoalky ester is used when the original sample is primarily
aqueous in nature. A blend of the two emulsifiers is used when
the emulsifier or the presence of an emulsion/suspension.
1.4 This practice assumes that a representative sample of the original sample contains roughly equal volumes of organic
and aqueous material.
not more than one litre has been obtained.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 This practice is intended as a solution to the difficulty of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
obtaining reproducible test results from heterogeneous
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
samples.
5.2 This practice works best with multilayered liquids, but
2. Referenced Documents
can also be applied to samples with solid particles that are
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sufficiently small in size to be suspended in an emulsion.
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
5.3 The emulsified/suspended sample can be used for all
2
Petroleum Products
bulk property testing such as microwave digestion/inductively
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
coupled argon plasma (ICAP), ion chromatography, heat of
2
Petroleum Products
combustion, ash content, water, nonvolatile residue, and pH. It
2.2 EPA Standard:
may be prudent to retain a portion of the sample in its original,
SW846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/
multiphase form for some types of analyses.
3
Chemical Methods
6. Interferences
3. Terminology
6.1 Not all samples can be emulsified, due to varying
3.1 Definitions:
chemical reactions with the surfactants. If the emulsion is not
3.1.1 emulsion, n—a suspension of fine particles or glob-
stable for at least 30 s after shaking, it may not be suitable for
ules, or both, of one or more liquids in another liquid.
testing as an emulsion.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.2 Due to their physical composition, some samples are not
3.2.1 multiphase fluid waste material, n—a substance or
suitable for splitting and, as a result, cannot be emulsified if a
mixture of chemicals that is no longer useful for its original
nonemulsified retain is required. For example, excessive
1 amounts of solids and semisolids or tars do not permit splitting.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum
6.3 In some instances, the amount of sample submitted may
Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.03 on
Elemental Analysis.
not be sufficient for splitting and, as a result, cannot be
Current edition approved Apr. 10, 1996. Published June 1996.
emulsified if some unemulsified sample must be retained.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
3
6.4 Erroneous results can be obtained if precautions are not
Available from the Environmental Protection Agency, 401 M Street,
...
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