ASTM D5891-02

Standard Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Clay mineral is the functional component of GCL that reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial waste or ground water through the liner.
Clay mineral quality can vary significantly and effect the hydraulic conductivity of the GCL composite. This test method evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables the evaluation of fluid loss properties of a clay mineral film deposited on a filter paper from a 6 % solids slurry of clay mineral at 100-psi (-kPa) pressure as a measure of its usefulness for permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in geosynthetic clay liners (GCL).
1.2 This test method is adapted from American Petroleum Institute drilling fluid specifications for bentonite.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested as produced; granular clay mineral should be ground to 100 % passing a 100 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200 mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with the whole ground product used for testing.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Jun-2002
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.04 - Geosynthetic Clay Liners

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5891-01 - Standard Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 10-Jun-2002
• Replaced By: ASTM D5891-02(2009) - Standard Test Method for Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:D5891–02
Standard Test Method for
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Fluid Loss of Clay Component of Geosynthetic Clay Liners
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5891; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope API RP131, Recommended Practice for LaboratoryTesting
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of Drilling Fluids
1.1 This test method covers an index method that enables
API Specification 13A, 4, 14th ed. for Drilling Fluid Mate-
the evaluation of fluid loss properties of a clay mineral film
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rials
deposited on a filter paper from a 6 % solids slurry of clay
mineral at 100-psi (-kPa) pressure as a measure of its useful-
3. Terminology
ness for permeability or hydraulic conductivity reduction in
3.1 Definitions— For definitions of terms used in this test
geosynthetic clay liners (GCL).
method, refer toAPI Standards andASTM definitions for GCL
1.2 This test method is adapted from American Petroleum
products.
Institute drilling fluid specifications for bentonite.
1.3 Powdered clay mineral is tested as produced; granular
4. Significance and Use
clay mineral should be ground to 100 % passing a 100 mesh
4.1 Clay mineral is the functional component of GCL that
U.S. Standard Sieve with a minimum of 65 % passing a 200
reduces the hydraulic conductivity of industrial waste or
mesh U.S. Standard Sieve with the whole ground product used
ground water through the liner.
for testing.
4.2 Claymineralqualitycanvarysignificantlyandeffectthe
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
hydraulicconductivityoftheGCLcomposite.Thistestmethod
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
evaluates a significant property of clay mineral that relates to
only.
performance.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5. Apparatus
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.1 Laboratory Balance, 100 g capacity, 60.01-g accuracy
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
2 and precision.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Weighing Paper, or small weighing dish.
5.3 Graduated Cylinder, 500 6 5-mL graduated TD (to
2. Referenced Documents
3 deliver) with 10-mL subdivisions, Class A volumetrically
2.1 ASTM Standards:
calibrated; 10 6 0.1-mL graduated cylinder, graduated TC (to
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
contain) with 0.1-mL subdivisions.
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
5.4 U.S. Standard Sieve, 100 mesh, 200 mesh, and auto-
E11 SpecificationforWovenWireTestSieveClothandTest
mated sieve shaker.
Sieves
5.5 Mortar and Pestle or Laboratory Hammer Mill, for
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
grinding clay mineral to required particle sizing.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.6 ASTM Calibration Immersion Thermometer,0to105 6
E725 Test Method for Sampling Granular Carriers and
0.5°C (see Specification E1).
Granular Pesticides
5.7 Mixer—11 000 6 300 rpm under load with single
2.2 API Standards:
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sine-waveimpellerapproximately25mm(1.0in.)indiameter
(mounted flash side up).The impeller shall be replaced when it
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weighs a minimum of 5.1 g, from an original weight of about
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.04 on Geosyn- 5.5 g. New blades will be weighed prior to installation in order
thetic Clay Liners.
to ensure conformance to manufacturing criteria. Mixer speed
Current edition approved June 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originally
published as D5891–95. Last previous edition D5891–01. DOI: 10.1520/D5891-02.
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When bentonite is removed from a GCL product for testing, it may include
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adhesives that can influence test results. Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW, Wash-
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or ington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.
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contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM For example, Sterling Multimixer Model 9B with 9B29X impeller blades
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on available from Fann Instrument Co., P.O. Box 4350, Houston, TX 77210, has been
the ASTM website. found suitable for this purpose.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D5891–02
under sample loading shall be determined and documented 6.2 Specification D1193 for reagent water, Type I, II
...