ASTM D6404-99(2009)

Standard Practice for Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice provides standard procedures for obtaining representative samples of various materials used as a source of tannins for the tanning industry.
Procedures are described for obtaining representative samples of economical and convenient quantities from a lot, or sections of a lot, of material for examination and analysis so that agreement may be reached with regard to the extent of variation of quality in different portions of a lot and the average quality of the entire lot of material.
No directions for sampling, however explicit, can take the place of judgment, skill, and previous experience on the part of persons actually engaged in the sampling or the supervision of the sampling. These directions are intended to supplement that experience and, particularly, to serve as a guide in the selection of the method which is to be used, in common, by each of two or more contracting parties.
Tanning materials contain moisture in varying amounts, depending both on the nature of the material and on the climatic conditions, so that sampling must be carried out as quickly as is consistent with thoroughness in order to avoid changes in moisture content.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers obtaining representative samples from shipment lots of botanical materials containing tannin.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2009
• ICS: 59.140.10 - Processes and auxiliary materials
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.01 - Vegetable Leather

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D6404-99(2004) - Standard Practice for Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6410-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Determining Acidity of Vegetable Tanning Liquors
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6405-99(2020) - Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6408-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Tannery Liquors
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4905-99(2020) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Solid, Pasty and Powdered Vegetable Tannin Extracts
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6406-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Sugar in Vegetable Tanning Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D6407-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Analysis of Iron and Copper in Vegetable Tanning Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4899-99(2020) - Standard Practice for Analysis of Vegetable Tanning Materials—General
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4900-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Lignosulfonates (Sulfite Cellulose) in Tanning Extracts
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4901-99(2020) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Liquid Vegetable Tannin Extracts
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Referred By: ASTM D4903-99(2020) - Standard Test Method for Total Solids and Water in Vegetable Tanning Material Extracts
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6404 − 99 (Reapproved2009)
Standard Practice for
Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6404; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope which have the chemical and physical properties necessary to
convert animal hides and skins into leather.
1.1 This practice covers obtaining representative samples
from shipment lots of botanical materials containing tannin.
4. Summary of Practice
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
4.1 This practice describes methods for obtaining represen-
standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for
tative samples for analysis from shipments of vegetable tan-
information only.
ning materials and tannin extracts.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5. Significance and Use
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.1 Thispracticeprovidesstandardproceduresforobtaining
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
representative samples of various materials used as a source of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tannins for the tanning industry.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
5.2 Procedures are described for obtaining representative
2. Referenced Documents
samples of economical and convenient quantities from a lot, or
sections of a lot, of material for examination and analysis so
2.1 ASTM Standards:
that agreement may be reached with regard to the extent of
D1517 Terminology Relating to Leather
variationofqualityindifferentportionsofalotandtheaverage
2.2 ALCA Method:
quality of the entire lot of material.
J10 Sampling Vegetable Materials Containing Tannin
5.3 No directions for sampling, however explicit, can take
3. Terminology
the place of judgment, skill, and previous experience on the
3.1 Definitions:
part of persons actually engaged in the sampling or the
3.1.1 For definitions of general leather and tanning terms
supervision of the sampling. These directions are intended to
used in this practice refer to Terminology D1517.
supplement that experience and, particularly, to serve as a
3.1.2 quartering—the term applied to a method described in
guide in the selection of the method which is to be used, in
this practice of reducing the size of samples without impairing
common, by each of two or more contracting parties.
their representative quality.
5.4 Tanning materials contain moisture in varying amounts,
3.1.3 tannin—an astringent substance found in the various
depending both on the nature of the material and on the
parts of plants such as bark, wood, leaves, nuts, fruits, roots,
climatic conditions, so that sampling must be carried out as
etc.
quickly as is consistent with thoroughness in order to avoid
3.1.4 vegetable tannins—mixtures of substances (natural changes in moisture content.
products) obtained from plant tissues by water extraction
6. Apparatus
6.1 Balance, analytical balance which will weigh the quan-
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31 on Leather and
tity of material specified in this practice to an accuracy of 610
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.01 on Vegetable Leather. This test
g(6 0.35 oz).
method has been adapted from and is a replacement for Method J10 of the Official
Methods of the American Leather Chemists Association.
6.2 Canvas, 11-oz weight and of sufficient size (as deter-
Current edition approved April 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally
mined by the discretion of the sampler or analyst) for use in
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6404 – 99 (2004).
mixing and quartering samples.
DOI: 10.1520/D6404-99R09.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.3 Sieve, with round openings 1.27 cm (0.50 in.) in
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
diameter.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
6.4 Sampling Tool, this tool shall be made of brass or other
Official Methods of the American Leather Chemists Association. Available
corrosion-resistant metal tubing, with solid handle attached,
from the American Leather Chemists Association, University of Cincinnati, P.O.
Box 210014, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0014. similar to that described below and illustrated in Fig. 1.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6404 − 99 (2009)
8. Filling Containers
8.1 Immediately after the final samples are obtained, they
shall be put into clean, dry containers, closed airtight, sealed,
and labeled as described in the procedure (11.11).
8.2 Liquid and powdered extracts and tannery liquor
samples shall be put into stoppered glass bottles of the required
size.
8.3 Solid and pasty extracts shall be wrapped in aluminum
foil and put into Mason-type jars or tin cans of the required
FIG. 1 Sampling Tool
size.
8.4 Cut bark, fruits, roots, galls, nuts, leaves, etc., and spent
materials, shall be placed in lacquered, pressed-top tins of the
required size, which close airtight. Boxes or bags must not be
6.4.1 Thin brass or other corrosion-resistant metal tubing,
used as containers.
37cmlongand17.5mmdiameter,isused.Asolidsteelhandle,
8.5 Sample containers shall be of no greater capacity than
6 cm long, is welded to one end of the tube. A section 11 mm
will conveniently be filled by the sample taken.
wide and 30 cm long is cut out of the side of the tube and the
edges of this opening sharply beveled. The working end is cut
9. Number of Packages to be Sampled
to a sharp point for piercing sacks, or other tough materials,
like plantation gambier.
9.1 The number of packages to be sampled from any given
lot of tanning material composed of solid, powdered or pasty
7. Quartering Samples
extract, crude or manufactured tanning materials, in bales,
boxes, bags, barrels, or similar packages, shall be as shown in
7.1 “Quartering” is a term applied to the following method
Table 1. The samples shall be selected from as uniformly
of reducing the size of samples without impairing their
distributed parts of the lot as is possible at the time of
representative quality.
weighing.
7.1.1 All of the material, taken from the various containers
9.1.1 Where the shipment exceeds 10 000 packages, it shall
or parts of the shipment of solid material being sampled, shall
bedividedintoasfew,equal,sections(ofnotmorethan10 000
be immediately and thoroughly mixed on a square piece of 11
packages each) as possible and each section shall be sampled
oz canvas. In the case of solid extracts, large pieces shall have
and analyzed as if it were an individual shipment. In such case,
been broken previously so as to pass a screen having round
the mean of the analyses of the sections shall constitute the
openings 1.27 cm (0.50 in.) in diameter. The pile shall be
analysis of the shipment.
divided into four equal portions and quarters A and B shall be
discarded as illustrated in diagram X of Fig. 2. The remaining
10. Number of Samples
two quarters shall then be re-mixed thoroughly and again
divided into four equal portions and quarters C and D shall be
10.1 In addition to the representative samples for submis-
discarded as illustrated in diagram Y of Fig. 2. This process siontothecontractingparties,atleastoneextrasampleshallbe
shall be repeated until the mixture of any two remaining
taken and held in reserve by the sampler, in case one of the
quarters of the sample be of sufficient size to secure the regular samples is lost or damaged.
individual samples as specified below. The individual samples
11. Procedure
shall be obtained by thoroughly mixing the two remaining
quarters and dividing the mixture into as many uniform
11.1 Solid Extracts—Cutasuitabletriangularopeninginthe
sections as necessary, such that each section will be large
middle of the exposed side of the package to be sampled. Then
enough to fill one of the required number of containers. All
cutaV-shapedwedge,10to12.5cm(4to5in.)inwidthonthe
fine, powdery material in each section shall be completely
surface of the exposed side of the package, as near to the
removed with its respective section, whether the section is
middle as possible and to the depth shown in the diagram
discarded or placed in a sample container.
illustrated in Fig. 3.
11.1.1 Remove this piece, including any dry or crumbly
exterior portion of it, place on the quartering canvas and
covered to prevent loss of moisture. Promptly break the
V-shaped samples from all the selected packages to a size
which will pass the sieve (6.3). Quarter the mixture and sample
as described in Section 7. Each final sample shall weigh
approximately 225 g (8 oz) and shall be packaged as described
in 8.3.
11.2 Powdered Extracts—Draw a portion from each of the
specified number of bags, using the sampling tool (6.4). Lay
FIG. 2 Quartering Samples the bags horizontally, with the narrow side exposed, and insert
D6404 − 99 (2009)
TABLE 1 Sampling Quantities
Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of Number of
Packages Packages to Packages Packages to Packages Packages to
in Lot Be Sampled in Lot Be Sampled in Lot Be Sampled
1 to 3 each 1201 to 1300 25 4551 to 4700 48
3 to 24 3 1301 to 1400 26 4701 to 4900 49
25 to 40 4 1401 to 1510 27 4901 to 5100 50
41 to 60 5 1511 to 1640 28 5101 to 5300 51
61 to 84 6 1641 to 1730 29 5301 to 5520 52
85 to 112 7 1731 to 1860 30 5521 to 5720 53
113 to 144 8 1861 to 1980 31 5721 to 5940 54
145 to 180 9 1861 to 1980 32 5941 to 6160 55
181 to 220 10 2101 to 2240 33 6161 to
...