ASTM C159-06(2011)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
ABSTRACT
This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance, prior to installation, of vitrified clay filter block used in trickling filters for the treatment of sewage and industrial wastes. Filter block shall be formed from fire clay, shale, surface clay, or a combination of these materials. Chemical properties such as acid resistance; and physical properties such as compressive strength, and absorption; are detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance, prior to installation, of vitrified clay filter block used in trickling filters for the treatment of sewage and industrial wastes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions shown in Annex A1-Annex A3. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C159 −06(Reapproved 2011)
Standard Specification for
Vitrified Clay Filter Blocks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope arrangedtoformdrainageandaerationgrillesthatpassairinto,
and liquids from, overlying filtering media. The drainage
1.1 This specification establishes the criteria for acceptance,
channels of the filter block provide for the conveyance of the
prior to installation, of vitrified clay filter block used in
filtered liquid away from the filter bed.
trickling filters for the treatment of sewage and industrial
3.2.2.1 Type I-S and Type I-H filter block—one-piece units
wastes.
suitable for constructing a single-course trickling filter floor.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
3.2.3 lot—unless otherwise specified, a lot shall consist of
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
all filter block of each type of the contract or purchase order.
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
3.2.4 walls—Exterior vertical sides of vitrified clay filter
and are not considered standard.
block.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
3.2.5 webs—interior supports separating channels of vitri-
test method portions shown in Annex A1 – Annex A3. This
fied clay filter block.
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
4. Classification
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
4.1 Filter block are manufactured in the following types:
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
4.1.1 Type I-S, standard rate and
tions prior to use.
4.1.2 Type I-H, high rate.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 The purchaser shall specify the type of filter block to be
2.1 ASTM Standards:
furnished.
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
C896 Terminology Relating to Clay Products
5. Ordering Information
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
5.1 Orders for filter block under this specification shall
include the following information:
3. Terminology
5.1.1 Quantity,
3.1 The definitions for clay, fire clay, shale, and surface clay
5.1.2 Type of filter block,
are as defined in Terminology C896.
5.1.3 ASTM designation and date of issue,
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 5.1.4 Required tests or certification, and
5.1.5 Inspection location; factory or point of delivery.
3.2.1 compressive strength—the pressure, measured in psi
(kPa)whichcausesfailureofvitrifiedclayfilterblock,withthe
6. Materials and Manufacture
load being applied to the block in the direction of use.
6.1 Filterblockshallbeformedfromfireclay,shale,surface
3.2.2 filter block—rectangular, vitrified clay units with inte-
clay, or a combination of these materials.
rior drainage channels, having apertures that connect to the
drainage channels through the upper surface. The apertures are
6.2 Formed filter block shall be fired to a suitable tempera-
ture to yield a product that is strong, durable, and serviceable
1 and conforms to this specification.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C04 on
Vitrified Clay Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcomittee C04.20 on
Methods of Test and Specifications
7. Chemical Requirements
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2011. Published February 2011. Originally
7.1 Acid Resistance—Acid-soluble matter in filter block
approved in 1941. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C159 – 06. DOI:
10.1520/C0159-06R11.
shall not exceed 0.25 % by weight when tested as specified in
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
this specification in any of the following acids: sulfuric
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
(H SO ), hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO ), or acetic
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 2 4 3
the ASTM website. (CH COOH).The test shall be performed only when specified.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C159−06 (2011)
7.2 The purchaser shall designate the acid or acids to be shall not extend through the upper surface from the end of the
used in this test. filter block to an aperture opening, nor between aperture
openings.
8. Physical Properties
11. Sampling
8.1 Compressive Strength—Compressive strength tests shall
be performed on full- or half-size block.The average compres-
11.1 Selection of Test Specimens —Full- or half-size filter
sive strength of filter block units shall be at least 450 psi (3.1
block shall be selected by the purchaser or his representative at
mPa), and no individual unit shall have a compressive strength
points he designates when placing the order. Specimens shall
less than 400 psi (2.8 mPa). The compressive strength shall be
meet the dimensions, workmanship, finish, and appearance
calculated on the gross area of the block.
requirements of this specification.
8.2 Absorption—The average absorption of five filter block,
11.2 Number of Specimens—Thenumberofspecimenstobe
determined by 1-h submersion in boiling water, shall not
tested shall be at least five full-size or half-size filter block
exceed 6 % by weight.
selected from each lot, except the acid resistance tests shall be
tested on one specimen from each lot. Additional specimens
9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
may be tested at the discretion of the purchaser.
9.1 Aperture—The smallest dimension of an aperture in
11.3 Identification—Each specimen shall be marked so that
Type I-S and I-H filter block shall not exceed 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm),
it may be identified at any time. Filter block specimen
and the total aperture area shall be at least 20 % of the top area.
markings shall not cover more than 5 % of the superficial area
9.2 Drainage Channels:
of the specimen.
9.2.1 The drainage channel cross-sectional area shall be
defined as the channel area lying below the lowest level of the
12. Retesting
aperture. Minimum cross-sectional area of drainage channels
12.1 If test specimens from a lot fail to meet compressive
in filter block shall be as shown in the following table:
strength,absorption,oracidresistancerequirements,themanu-
Drainage Channel Cross-Sectional Area
facturer or seller may sort the shipment into two lots. New
2 2
Type Area, min, in. /ft (cm /m) of width
samples shall be selected by the purchaser from the lot to be
I-S 20 (425)
retained. If the set of test specimens from the retained lot fails
I-H 40 (850)
to meet these requirements, the retained lot shall also be
9.2.2 Drainage channels of filter block shall be curved or
rejected.
narrowed at the bottom to maintain velocity in the channels at
low flow.
13. Test Methods
9.2.3 The minimum depth of drainage channels in filter
block shall be 2 ⁄2 in. (64 mm), measured from the lowest level 13.1 Physical and chemical tests shall be conducted in
accordance with the procedures described in Annex A1 –
of the aperture.
9.2.4 There shall be at least two parallel drainage channels Annex A3.
per foot (0.3 m) of width of Type I-S and I-H filter block.
14. Inspection
9.3 Exterior Walls and Interior Webs—Thicknessofexterior
wallsinTypeI-SandI-Hfilterblockshallbeatleast ⁄16in.(14
14.1 Filter block shall be subject to inspection by the
mm) and interior webs separating drainage channels shall be at
purchaser or the purchaser’s representative. Inspection shall be
least ⁄2 in. (13 mm).
made at the factory or promptly at the point and time of
delivery.Thepurposeofthisinspectionistodeterminewhether
9.4 Permissible Variations in Dimensions:
the filter block meet the dimension, workmanship, appearance,
9.4.1 Exterior dimensions of filter block shall be the dimen-
and marking requirements of this specification.
sions stated by the manufacturer, 6 ⁄4 in./ft (21 mm/m).
9.4.2 The lower bearing surface of filter block shall not vary
14.2 Filter block that do not meet the dimensions,
from a plane by more than ⁄16 in./ft (16 mm/m) of the greatest
workmanship, appearance, and marking specifications shall be
dimension of the block.
rejected and replaced by the manufacturer or seller with filter
blocks that meet the specifications.
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
14.3 If the purchaser desires compressive strength,
10.1 Filter block shall be substantially free of laminations.
absorption, and acid resistance tests, the purchaser shall select
10.2 Blistersshallnotexceed2in.(51mm)indiameter,and
filter block for testing in accordance with the sampling
blisters or pimples shall not project more than ⁄8 in. (3 mm)
proceduresofthisspecification.Tendaysshallbeallowedafter
above the surface.
sampling for completion of testing.
10.3 Chips shall not exceed 2 in. (51 mm) in length, 1 in.
14.4 The cost of initial inspection and testing shall be borne
(25 mm) in width, and a depth of ⁄16 in. (5 mm).
by the purchaser. The cost of retesting because of failure of the
10.4 Open cracks shall be no longer than 1 ⁄2 in. (38 mm) filter block to pass the initial test shall be borne by the
and surface cracks no longer than 3 in. (76 mm). Open cracks manufacturer.
C159−06 (2011)
15. Certification 16.1.2 Type of filter block.
15.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a
17. Precision and Bias
manufacturer’s certification shall be furnished to the purchaser
17.1 No statements are made on the precision or bias of the
stating that the material was manufactured, sampled, tested,
test methods for measuring compressive strength, absorption
and inspected in accordance with this specification and has
percentage, or acid resistance, (see Annexes) since confor-
beenfoundtomeettherequirements.Areportofthetestresults
mance to specific criteria is the only measure for success
shall be furnished when required.
specified in these test methods.
16. Product Marking
18. Keywords
16.1 Identification marks shall be indented legibly on the
exterior of the filter block as follows: 18.1 clay blocks; drains; filters; filter drainage; media;
16.1.1 Manufacturer’s name and media supports; support; trickling filters; underdrains
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS
These requirements apply only to Federal/Military procurement, not domestic sales or transfers.
S1. Government/Military Procurement S2. Packaging and Marking for U.S. Government Procure-
ment:
S1.1
...
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