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ASTM D1298-99e2

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method

Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination using a glass hydrometer, of the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of crude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum products normally handled as liquids, and having a Reid vapor pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less.
1.2 Values are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings corrected to the reference temperature by means of the Petroleum Measurement Tables; values obtained at other than the reference temperature being hydrometer readings and not density measurements.
1.3 Values determined as density, relative density, or API gravity can be converted to equivalent values in the other units at alternate reference temperatures by means of the Petroleum Measurement Tables.
1.4 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certifying the equipment for this test method.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-1999
ICS
75.040 - Crude petroleum
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.02 - Hydrocarbon Measurement for Custody Transfer (Joint ASTM-API)
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1298-99e1 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Replaced By
ASTM D1298-99(2005) - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
Effective Date
01-Nov-2005
Referred By
ASTM D3142/D3142M-17 - Standard Test Method for Specific Gravity, API Gravity, or Density of Cutback Asphalts by Hydrometer Method
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM D4806-21a - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM D976-21e1 - Standard Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7861-14(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Diesel Fuel by Linear Variable Filter (LVF) Array Based Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM D2880-23 - Standard Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oils
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM D117-22 - Standard Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications for Electrical Insulating Liquids
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7666-12(2019) - Standard Specification for Triglyceride Burner Fuel
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM D7863-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient of Liquids
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM D5769-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasolines by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM F2709-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining a Measured Nameplate Recovery Rate of Stationary Oil Skimmer Systems
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM D8274-20a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil by Portable Rapid Mid-Infrared Analyzer
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM F715-07(2023) - Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics Used for Oil Spill Control and Storage
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM D5372-20 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999

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ASTM D1298-99e2 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodASTM D1298-99e2 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
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ASTM D1298-99e2 - Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
e2
Designation: D 1298 – 99
Designation: Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards (MPMS), Chapter 9.1
Designation: 160/99
Standard Test Method for
Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or API Gravity
of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
1
Hydrometer Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1298; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1
e NOTE—Footnote 1 and the Referenced Documents were corrected editorially to comply with the ASTM-API joint standard
contract in October 2002. Warning notes were editorially moved into the standard text in October 2002.
2
e NOTE—Table 4 was reformatted editorially in October 2003.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination 2.1 ASTM Standards:
2
using a glass hydrometer, of the density, relative density D 97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
(specificgravity),orAPIgravityofcrudepetroleum,petroleum D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
2
products, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum products ucts (Reid Method)
2
normally handled as liquids, and having a Reid vapor pressure D 1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables
2
of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Oils
1.2 Values are measured on a hydrometer at either the D 3117 Test Method forWaxAppearance Point of Distillate
3
reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, Fuels
and readings corrected to the reference temperature by means D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
3
of the Petroleum MeasurementTables; values obtained at other Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.1)
than the reference temperature being hydrometer readings and D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
3
not density measurements. Petroleum Products (API MPMS Chapter 8.2)
1.3 Values determined as density, relative density, or API D 5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid
gravity can be converted to equivalent values in the other units Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (API
4
at alternate reference temperatures by means of the Petroleum MPMS Chapter 8.3)
5
Measurement Tables. E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
5
1.4 AnnexA1 contains a procedure for verifying or certify- E 100 Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
6
ing the equipment for this test method. 2.2 API Standards:
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the MPMS Chapter 8.1 Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D 4057)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- MPMS Chapter 8.2 Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice D 4177)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and theAPI Committee on Petroleum Measure- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
4
ment, and is the direct responsibility of D02.02 /COMQ, the joint ASTM-API Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
5
Committee on Static Petroleum Measurement. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
6
Current edition approved June 10, 1999. Published August 1999. Originally Published as Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards.Available from the
e1
published as D 1298–53. Last previous edition D 1298–85 (1990) . American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L St., NW, Washington, DC 20005.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
e2
D1298–99
MPMSChapter8.3 MixingandHandlingofLiquidSamples appropriate hydrometer, also at a similar temperature, is
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products (ASTM Practice lowered into the test portion and allowed to settle. After
D 5854) temperature equilibrium has been reached, the hydrometer
7
2.3 Institute of Petroleum Standards: scale is read, and the temperature of the test portion is taken.
IP 389 Determination of wax appearance temperature The observed hydrometer reading is reduced to the reference
(WAT) of middle distillate fuels by differential thermal temperaturebymeansofthePetroleumMeasurementTables.If
analysis (DTA) or differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) ne
...

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Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density and API gravity are used in custody transfer quantity calculations and to satisfy transportation, storage, and regulatory requirements. Accurate determination of density or API gravity of crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15 °C or 60 °F.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination, using a glass thermohydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations, of the density, relative density, or API gravity of crude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressures of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Values are determined at existing temperatures and corrected to 15 °C or 60 °F by means of a series of calculations and international standard tables.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate determination of the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes or masses, or both, at the standard reference temperatures of 15 °C or 60 °F during custody transfer.  
5.2 This procedure is most suitable for determining the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of low viscosity transparent liquids. This procedure can also be used for viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the hydrometer to reach temperature equilibrium, and for opaque liquids by employing a suitable meniscus correction. Additionally for both transparent and opaque fluids the readings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion effect and alternative calibration temperature effects before correcting to the reference temperature.  
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1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination using a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations, of the density, relative density, or API gravity of crude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum products normally handled as liquids, and having a Reid vapor pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Values are determined at existing temperatures and corrected to 15 °C or 60 °F by means of a series of calculations and international standard tables.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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SCOPE
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1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Safety Precautions.  
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1.3 Oils containing additives may give erroneous results.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Thermohydrometer Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density and API gravity are used in custody transfer quantity calculations and to satisfy transportation, storage, and regulatory requirements. Accurate determination of density or API gravity of crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15 °C or 60 °F.  
5.2 Density and API gravity are also factors that indicate the quality of crude petroleum. Crude petroleum prices are frequently posted against values in kg/m3 or in degrees API. However, this property of petroleum is an uncertain indication of its quality unless correlated with other properties.  
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5.4 This procedure is suitable for determining the density, relative density, or API gravity of low viscosity, transparent or opaque liquids, or both. This procedure, when used for opaque liquids, requires the use of a meniscus correction (see 9.2). Additionally for both transparent and opaque fluids the readings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion effect and alternate calibration temperature effects before correcting to the reference temperature. This procedure can also be used for viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the thermohydrometer to reach temperature equilibrium.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination, using a glass thermohydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations, of the density, relative density, or API gravity of crude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressures of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Values are determined at existing temperatures and corrected to 15 °C or 60 °F by means of a series of calculations and international standard tables.  
1.2 The initial thermohydrometer readings obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Readings are measured on a thermohydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings are corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternate calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of calculations and Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1).  
1.3 Readings determined as density, relative density, or API gravity can be converted to equivalent values in the other units or alternate reference temperatures by means of Interconversion Procedures (API MPMS Chapter 11.5) or Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1), or both, or tables as applicable.  
1.4 The initial thermohydrometer reading shall be recorded before performing any calculations. The calculations required in Section 9 shall be applied to the initial thermohydrometer reading with observations and results reported as required by Section 11 prior to use in a subsequent calculation procedure (measurement ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination).  
1.5 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certifying the equipment of this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all o...

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ASTM D1298-12b(2017)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Accurate determination of the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of petroleum and its products is necessary for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes or masses, or both, at the standard reference temperatures of 15 °C or 60 °F during custody transfer.  
5.2 This procedure is most suitable for determining the density, relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of low viscosity transparent liquids. This procedure can also be used for viscous liquids by allowing sufficient time for the hydrometer to reach temperature equilibrium, and for opaque liquids by employing a suitable meniscus correction. Additionally for both transparent and opaque fluids the readings shall be corrected for the thermal glass expansion effect and alternative calibration temperature effects before correcting to the reference temperature.  
5.3 When used in connection with bulk oil measurements, volume correction errors are minimized by observing the hydrometer reading at a temperature close to that of the bulk oil temperature.  
5.4 Density, relative density, or API gravity is a factor governing the quality and pricing of crude petroleum. However, this property of petroleum is an uncertain indication of its quality unless correlated with other properties.  
5.5 Density is an important quality indicator for automotive, aviation and marine fuels, where it affects storage, handling and combustion.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the laboratory determination using a glass hydrometer in conjunction with a series of calculations, of the density, relative density, or API gravity of crude petroleum, petroleum products, or mixtures of petroleum and nonpetroleum products normally handled as liquids, and having a Reid vapor pressure of 101.325 kPa (14.696 psi) or less. Values are determined at existing temperatures and corrected to 15 °C or 60 °F by means of a series of calculations and international standard tables.  
1.2 The initial hydrometer readings obtained are uncorrected hydrometer readings and not density measurements. Readings are measured on a hydrometer at either the reference temperature or at another convenient temperature, and readings are corrected for the meniscus effect, the thermal glass expansion effect, alternative calibration temperature effects and to the reference temperature by means of the Petroleum Measurement Tables; values obtained at other than the reference temperature being hydrometer readings and not density measurements.  
1.3 Readings determined as density, relative density, or API gravity can be converted to equivalent values in the other units or alternative reference temperatures by means of Interconversion Procedures (API MPMS Chapter 11.5), or Adjunct to D1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables (API MPMS Chapter 11.1), or both, or tables, as applicable.  
1.4 The initial hydrometer readings determined in the laboratory shall be recorded before performing any calculations. The calculations required in Section 10 shall be applied to the initial hydrometer reading with observations and results reported as required by Section 11 prior to use in a subsequent calculation procedure (ticket calculation, meter factor calculation, or base prover volume determination).  
1.5 Annex A1 contains a procedure for verifying or certifying the equipment for this test method.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in th...

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ASTM
ASTM B637-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Precipitation-Hardening and Cold Worked Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Forging Stock for Moderate or High Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for high-temperature service. Chemical analysis shall be performed on the alloy and shall conform to the chemical composition requirement in carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, columbium, tantalum, titanium, aluminum, zirconium, boron, iron, copper, and nickel. The material shall follow recommended annealing treatment, solution treatment, stabilizing treatment, and precipitation hardening treatment. Tension testing, hardness testing and stress-rupture testing shall be performed on the material and shall comply to the required tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction in area, and Brinell hardness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers hot- and cold-worked precipitation-hardenable nickel alloy rod, bar, forgings, and forging stock for moderate or high temperature service (Table 1).  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C596-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Drying Shrinkage of Mortar Containing Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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