ASTM E2192-13
(Guide)Standard Guide for Planar Flaw Height Sizing by Ultrasonics
Standard Guide for Planar Flaw Height Sizing by Ultrasonics
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The practices referenced in this document are applicable to measuring the height of planar flaws open to the surface that originate on the far-surface or near-surface of the component. These practices are applicable to through-wall sizing of mechanical or thermal fatigue flaws, stress corrosion flaws, or any other surface-connected planar flaws.
5.2 The techniques outlined describe proven ultrasonic flaw sizing practices and their associated limitations, using refracted longitudinal wave and shear wave techniques as applied to ferritic or austenitic components. Other materials may be examined using this guide with appropriate standardization reference blocks. The practices described are applicable to both manual and automated examinations.
5.3 The techniques recommended in this standard guide use Time of Flight (TOF) or Delta Time of Flight (ΔTOF) methods to accurately measure the flaw size. This guide does not include the use of signal amplitude methods to determine flaw size.
5.4 Generally, with these sizing methods the volume of material (or component thickness) to be sized is divided into thirds; the inner 1/3 , the middle 1/3 and the near 1/3 . Using the far-surface Creeping Wave Method the user can qualitatively segregate the flaw into the approximate 1/3 zone.
5.5 The sizing methods are used in 1/3 zones to quantitatively size the crack, that is, Tip-diffraction for the far 1/3 , Bi-Modal method for the middle 1/3 , and the Focused Longitudinal Wave or Focused Shear Wave Methods for the near 1/3 . These 1/3 zones are generally applicable to most sizing applications, however, the various sizing methods have applications outside these 1/3 zones provided a proper reference block and technique is demonstrated.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides tutorial information and a description of the principles and ultrasonic examination techniques for measuring the height of planar flaws which are open to the surface. The practices and technology described in this standard guide are intended as a reference to be used when selecting a specific ultrasonic flaw sizing technique as well as establishing a means for instrument standardization.2
1.2 This standard guide does not provide or suggest accuracy or tolerances of the techniques described. Parameters such as search units, examination surface conditions, material composition, etc. can all have a bearing on the accuracy of results. It is recommended that users assess accuracy and tolerances applicable for each application.
1.3 This guide does not purport to provide instruction to measure flaw length.
1.4 This standard guide does not provide, suggest, or specify acceptance standards. After flaw-sizing evaluation has been made, the results should be applied to an appropriate code or standard that specifies acceptance criteria.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
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Designation: E2192 − 13
Standard Guide for
1
Planar Flaw Height Sizing by Ultrasonics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2192; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E543 Specification forAgencies Performing Nondestructive
Testing
1.1 This guide provides tutorial information and a descrip-
4
2.2 ASNT Standards
tionoftheprinciplesandultrasonicexaminationtechniquesfor
SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in
measuring the height of planar flaws which are open to the
Nondestructive Testing
surface. The practices and technology described in this stan-
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
dard guide are intended as a reference to be used when
cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
selecting a specific ultrasonic flaw sizing technique as well as
2
5
establishing a means for instrument standardization.
2.3 AIA Standards
NAS-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification
1.2 This standard guide does not provide or suggest accu-
and Certification
racyortolerancesofthetechniquesdescribed.Parameterssuch
as search units, examination surface conditions, material
3. Terminology
composition, etc. can all have a bearing on the accuracy of
results. It is recommended that users assess accuracy and 3.1 Definitions—Related terminology is defined in Termi-
tolerances applicable for each application. nology E1316.
1.3 This guide does not purport to provide instruction to 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
measure flaw length. 3.2.1 corner reflection—the reflected ultrasonic energy re-
sulting from the interaction of ultrasound with the intersection
1.4 This standard guide does not provide, suggest, or
of a flaw and the component surface at essentially 90 degrees.
specify acceptance standards. After flaw-sizing evaluation has
3.2.2 doublet—two ultrasonic signals that appear on the
beenmade,theresultsshouldbeappliedtoanappropriatecode
screen simultaneously and move in unison as search unit is
or standard that specifies acceptance criteria.
manipulated toward and away from the flaw. During tip-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
diffraction flaw sizing, the flaw tip signal and flaw base signal
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
(corner reflector) will appear as a doublet.
only.
3.2.3 far-surface—the surface of the examination piece
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
opposite the surface on which the search unit is placed. (For
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
example, when examining pipe from the outside surface the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
far-surface would be the inside pipe surface).
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3.2.4 focus—the term as used in this document applies to
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
dualcrossed-beamsearchunitsthathavebeenmanufacturedso
2. Referenced Documents
that they have a maximum sensitivity at a predetermined depth
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or sound path in the component. Focusing effect may be
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations obtained with the use of dual-element search units having both
refracted and roof angles applied to each element.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-
3.2.5 near-surface—the surface of the examination piece on
tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic
whichthesearchunitisplaced.(Forexample,whenexamining
Method.
Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originally pipe from the outside surface the near-surface would be the
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2192 - 08. DOI:
outside pipe surface).
10.1520/E2192-13.
2
ThisStandardGuideisadaptedfrommaterialsuppliedtoASTMSubcommittee
E07.06 by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI).
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromAmericanSocietyforNondestructiveTesting(ASNT),P.O.Box
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAerospace IndustriesAssociation ofAmerica, Inc. (AIA), 1000
the ASTM website. Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2192 − 08 E2192 − 13
Standard Guide for
1
Planar Flaw Height Sizing by Ultrasonics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2192; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This guide provides tutorial information and a description of the principles and ultrasonic examination techniques for
measuring the height of planar flaws which are open to the surface. The practices and technology described in this standard guide
are intended as a reference to be used when selecting a specific ultrasonic flaw sizing technique as well as establishing a means
2
for instrument standardization.
1.2 This standard guide does not provide or suggest accuracy or tolerances of the techniques described. Parameters such as
search units, examination surface conditions, material composition, etc. can all have a bearing on the accuracy of results. It is
recommended that users assess accuracy and tolerances applicable for each application.
1.3 This documentguide does not purport to provide instruction to measure flaw length.
1.4 This standard guide does not provide, suggest, or specify acceptance standards. After flaw-sizing evaluation has been made,
the results should be applied to an appropriate code or standard that specifies acceptance criteria.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
requirements prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
E543 Specification for Agencies Performing Nondestructive Testing
4
2.2 ASNT Standards
SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
5
2.3 AIA Standards
NAS-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualification and Certification
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Related terminology is defined in Terminology E1316.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 bi-modal—ultrasonic examination method that utilizes both the longitudinal (L-wave) and shear (S-wave) modes of
propagation in order to estimate or measure flaw height.
3.2.1 corner reflector—reflection—the reflected ultrasonic energy resulting from the interaction of ultrasound with the
intersection of a flaw and the component surface at essentially 90 degrees.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on Ultrasonic Method.
Current edition approved July 1, 2008June 1, 2013. Published July 2008June 2013. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20072008 as
E2192 - 07.E2192 - 08. DOI: 10.1520/E2192-08.10.1520/E2192-13.
2
This Standard Guide is adapted from material supplied to ASTM Subcommittee E07.06 by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI).
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
4
Available from American Society for Nondestructive Testing (ASNT), P.O. Box 28518, 1711 Arlingate Ln., Columbus, OH 43228-0518, http://www.asnt.org
5
Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America, Inc. (AIA), 1000 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1700, Arlington, VA22209-3928, http://www.aia-aerospace.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2192 − 13
3.2.2 doublet—two ultrasonic signals that appear on the screen simultaneously and move in unison as search unit is manipulated
toward and away from the flaw. During tip-diffraction flaw sizing, the flaw tip signal and flaw base signal (corner reflector) will
appear as a doublet.
3.2.3 far-surface—the surface of the examination piece opp
...
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