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ASTM D1117-99

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics

Standard Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics

SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for testing nonwoven fabrics. The test procedures appear in the following sections: SectionAbrasion Resistance18Absorbency21Air Permeability8Breaking Force and Elongation9Bursting Strength10Conditioning7Dimensional Change20Drycleaning11Flexural Rigidity12Mass Per Unit Area (Note 2)17Resin Binder Distribution22Seam Breaking Strength13Trapezoid Tear14Tongue Tear (Single Rip)15Elmendorf Tear16Thickness19
Note 2—The terms "machine" and "cross machine" must be substituted for "warp" and "filling," respectively, throughout these test methods wherever pertinent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only and may be approximate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2001
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D1117-01 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics (Withdrawn 2009)
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM F1891-19 - Standard Specification for Arc and Flame Resistant Rainwear
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM F2733-21 - Standard Specification for Flame-Resistant Rainwear for Protection Against Flame Hazards
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5665/D5665M-99a(2021) - Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Fabrics Used in Cold-Applied Roofing and Waterproofing
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D5726-98(2020) - Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Fabrics Used in Hot-Applied Roofing and Waterproofing
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001
Referred By
ASTM D4830/D4830M-98(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Characterizing Thermoplastic Fabrics Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
Effective Date
10-Sep-2001

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ASTM D1117-99 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven FabricsASTM D1117-99 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics
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ASTM D1117-99 - Standard Guide for Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 1117 – 99
Standard Guide for
Evaluating Nonwoven Fabrics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1117; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D 3776 Test Methods for Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of
Woven Fabric
1.1 This guide covers procedures for testing nonwoven
D 3786 Test Method for Hydraulic Bursting Strength of
fabrics. The test procedures appear in the following sections:
Knitted Goods and Nonwoven Fabrics: Diaphragm Burst-
Section
ing Strength Tester Method
Abrasion Resistance 18
D 3884 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
Absorbency 21
Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
Air Permeability 8
Breaking Force and Elongation 9 D 3885 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
Bursting Strength 10
Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
Conditioning 7
D 3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
Dimensional Change 20
Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Method)
Drycleaning 11
Flexural Rigidity 12
D 4158 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
Mass Per Unit Area (Note 2) 17
Fabrics (Uniform Abrasion Method)
Resin Binder Distribution 22
D 5034 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
Seam Breaking Strength 13
Trapezoid Tear 14
Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
Tongue Tear (Single Rip) 15
D 5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
Elmendorf Tear 16
Thickness 19 Textile Fabrics (Strip Test)
D 5729 Test Method for Thickness of Nonwoven Fabrics
NOTE 1—The terms “machine” and “cross machine” must be substi-
D 5732 Test Method for Stiffness of Nonwoven Fabrics
tuted for “warp” and “filling,” respectively, throughout these test methods
Using the Cantilever Test
wherever pertinent.
D 5733 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Nonwoven
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Fabrics by the Trapezoid Procedure
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D 5734 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Nonwoven
only and may be approximate.
Fabrics by the Falling-Pendulum (Elmendorf) Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 5735 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Nonwoven
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (CRE
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Testing)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D 5736 Test Method for Thickness of Highloft Nonwoven
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Fabrics
D 5802 Test Method for Sorption of Biloulous Paper Prod-
2. Referenced Documents
ucts (Sorptive Rate and Capacity Using Gravimetric Prin-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
2 ciples)
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textile Materials
2 D 5908 Test Method for Resin Binder Distribution and
D 737 Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics
Binder Penetration Analysis of Polyester Nonwoven Fab-
D 1683 Test Method for Failure in Sewn Seams of Woven
2 rics
Fabrics
2 F 778 Test Methods for Gas Flow Resistance Testing of
D 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for Testing
Filtration Media
D 2724 Test Method for Bonded and Laminated Apparel
Fabrics
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 nonwoven fabric, n—a textile structure produced by
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on Textiles and bonding or interlocking of fibers, or both, accomplished by
are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.64 on Nonwoven Fabrics.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1999. Published January 2000. Originally
published as D 1117 – 50T. Discontinued November 1995 and reinstated as D 1117. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
Last previous edition D 1117 – 98. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 1117
mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means, and combi- 6. Calibration
nations thereof.
6.1 Many of the test methods cited herein require the use of
3.1.1.1 Discussion—The term does not include paper or
properly calibrated testing equipment. All testing systems
fabrics that are woven, knitted, or tufted.
should be verified before being used to generate results. Refer
3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in these test
to the particular test method for specific information on the
methods, refer to Terminology D 123.
preparation, calibration, and verification of apparatus.
4. Significance and Use
7. Conditioning
4.1 Refer to the particular test method cited for the property 7.1 No conditioning is required unless otherwise specified.
of interest for specific significance and use statements.
7.2 When specified, precondition the specimens by bringing
4.2 In case of a dispute arising from the differences in them to approximate moisture equilibrium in the standard
reported test values when using the test methods listed in these
atmosphere for preconditioning textiles in accordance with
test methods for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, Practice D 1776.
the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative
7.2.1 After preconditioning, bring the test specimens to
tests to determine whether a statistical bias exists between their moisture equilibrium for testing in the standard atmosphere for
laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recomm
...

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ASTM D2261-13(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and the test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of fabric of the type in question. Test specimens then should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
5.2 The force registered in a tear test is irregular, and as a consequence, empirical methods have had to be developed to obtain usable values related to tear strength. In spite of the empirical nature of the reported values, the values are considered to reflect comparative performance of similar fabrics tested and measured in the same way. No known procedure is available that can be used with all fabrics to determine the minimum tearing strength.  
5.3 Depending on the nature of the specimen, the data recording devices will show the tearing force in the form of a peak or peaks. The highest peaks appear to reflect the strength of the yarn components, fiber bonds, or fiber interlocks, individually or in combination, needed to stop a te...
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.  
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a consequence, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knit fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics and non-wovens. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.  
1.3 Tear strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.  
1.4 Two calculations for tongue tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak forces.  
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of I...

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ASTM D5587-15(2024)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by Trapezoid Procedure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.2 If there are differences of practical significance between test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative test that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing. Randomly assign the samples in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.3 The trapezoid tear produces tension along a reasonably defined course such that the tear propagates across the width of the specimen. It is useful for estimating the relative tear resistance of different fabrics or different directions in the same fabric.  
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the trapezoid procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.  
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining trapezoid tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. Consequently, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, pile, and nonwoven fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.  
1.3 Tearing strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.  
1.4 Two calculations for trapezoid tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak forces.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D579/D579M-24(Practice)
Standard Practice for Greige Woven Glass Fabrics

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general and physical requirements for greige fabrics woven from “E” electrical glass fiber yarns. The yarn shall be a continuous filament, free of any free alkali metal salts, such as soda or potash, and foreign particles, dirt, and other impurities. The fabric shall be furnished in rolls and shall be wound in spiral tubes. The materials shall be tested and shall conform to the following requirements: fabric count; yarn numbers for both the warp and filling yarns; filament diameter; strand construction; twist direction wherein the primary twist in the singles strands shall be “Z” twist and the final twist in the plied yarns shall be “S” twist; twist level; fabric weave type which shall include crowfoot, leno, mock leno, plain, eight-harness satin, and twelve-harness satin; mass per unit area; thickness; breaking strength; width including both selvages but excluding any feathered edges; fabric roll length, length between splices, and number of splices per roll; and ignition loss. The fabrics shall also be examined for defects such as bias or bowed filling; baggy, ridged, or wavy cloth; cut or tear; hole; spots, streaks, or stains; foreign inclusions; tender or weak spot; smash; broken, missing ends or picks; floats and skips; light and heavy marks; crease; waste; weave separation; brittle or fused area; selvage defects; selvage leno ends out; and feather edges.
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1.1 This practice covers greige fabrics woven from “E” electrical glass fiber yarns. This practice can also be applied to fabrics made of other glass fiber types as agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.  
1.2 This practice specifies the terminology, definitions, general requirements and physical requirements for greige glass fiber fabrics. This practice permits the application of organic materials to the glass fiber yarn during manufacture that helps facilitate weaving.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This practice is one of a series to provide a substitute for Military Specifications: MIL-Y-1140 Yarn, Cord, Sleeving, Cloth, and Tape-Glass and MIL-C-9084 Cloth, Glass Finished for Resin Laminates.  
1.5 Additional ASTM practices in this series have been drafted and appear in current editions of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. These include finished glass fabrics, unfinished glass fabrics, glass tapes, glass sleevings, glass cords, glass sewing threads, and finished laminates made from finished glass fabrics.  
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ASTM D2646-24(Guide)
Standard Guide for Backing Fabric Characteristics of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments; however, caution is advised because information about between interlaboratory precision is incomplete. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may be advisable.  
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1.1 This guide covers the procedures listed as follows for testing woven, knitted and nonwoven backing fabrics designed for use in the manufacture of pile yarn floor coverings. The procedures appear in the following order:    
Section  
Bow and Skewness of Woven Fabrics  
8  
Breaking Force of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics  
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Breaking Force After Tufting of Woven and Nonwoven Fabrics  
16  
Extractable Matter  
9  
Fabric Count of Woven Fabrics  
12  
Fabric Count of Knitted Fabrics  
13  
Length of Woven Fabrics  
11  
Mass per Unit Area (Weight) of Woven Fabrics  
14  
Width of Woven Fabrics  
10  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6775-13(2024)(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments but comparisons should be made with caution because estimates of between-laboratory precision are incomplete.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Elongation is an indication of the ability of a fiber to absorb energy. The elongation of textile materials must be great enough to withstand strains experienced in processing and end use, and to absorb the energies of applied forces repeatedly.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the breaking strength and elongation of textile webbing, tape and braided materials using a split-drum type specimen clamp.  
1.2 This test method is limited to materials with a maximum width of 90 mm (3.5 in.) and a maximum breaking strength of no more than 89000 N (20000 lb).  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are given in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D3938-18(2023)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instructions for Apparel and Other Textile Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This is a guide to help a manufacturer distributor, or importer establish a reasonable basis for care information.  
4.1.1 The manufacturer, distributor, or importer should possess, prior to sale, reliable evidence that the product was not harmed when refurbished reasonably often according to the instructions. Additionally, they should possess reliable evidence that the product, or a fair sample of the product, would be harmed when refurbished by methods warned against on the label.  
4.2 This guide is intended for general use by those who wish to evaluate whether apparel or other textile products will perform in an acceptable manner when refurbished according to particular care instructions.  
4.3 Refurbished products are evaluated against previously selected product specifications to determine whether the products can be refurbished successfully by following the instructions on the care label or other care instructions.
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1.1 This guide may be used to determine and confirm the appropriate care label instructions for apparel, piece goods, and other textile products excluding textile floor coverings and upholstery.  
1.2 This guide encompasses the following care procedures: home laundering, professional textile care, and other alternative cleaning methods.  
1.3 This guide includes provision for evaluating the complete textile product and the product components.  
1.4 This guide covers the performance characteristics as a result of refurbishing that are important in determining the acceptability of a textile product.  
1.5 This guide is appropriate for the evaluation of all garments and household textiles that are sold with care labels.  
1.5.1 This guide may also be used in connection with the evaluation of similar materials that do not have a care label.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D1388-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Stiffness of Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 In general, these procedures are more suitable for testing woven fabrics than knit fabrics.  
5.2 Both test options in this test method are considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. Test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
5.3 The stiffness of a fabric may change with storage.  
5.4 No evidence has been found showing that bending length is dependent on the width of the test specimen. The tendency for specimens to curl or twist will affect the result, because of the rigidity provided at the edge of the specimen. Consequently, the wider the strip, the less important is the edge effect. For fabrics having only a slight tendency to curl, a 2.5 cm wide strip has been found to be satisfactory. As the tendency to curl increases, this width may be increased (see Note 10).  
5.5 This method differs from Test Method F3260 which requires tracking of...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of stiffness properties of fabrics. Bending length is measured and flexural rigidity is calculated. Two procedures are provided.  
1.1.1 Option A—Cantilever Test, employing the principle of cantilever bending of the fabric under its own mass.  
1.1.2 Option B—Heart Loop Test, employing the principle of a loop formed in a fabric strip and hung vertically.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.  
1.2.1 This method may be used to determine the stiffness of nonwoven materials (for example, hydroentangled, dry laid, needlepunch, resin bonded, thermal, and wet laid) or refer to Test Method D5732. To determine the stiffness of medical textiles (for example, surgical mesh, films, and membranes), refer to Test Method F3260.  
Note 1: The formula to calculate flexural rigidity in D5732-95 (2001) is incorrect and should not be used. Utilize the formula presented in 11.5 of Test Method D1388.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D3786/D3786M-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Bursting Strength of Textile Fabrics—Diaphragm Bursting Strength Tester Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method for the determination of diaphragm bursting strength of knitted, nonwoven and woven fabrics is being used by the textile industry for the evaluation of a wide variety of end uses.  
5.2 In cases where test results obtained using the procedures in Test Method D3786 have not been correlated with actual performance, Test Method D3786 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fabrics for bursting strength since the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing. In cases where disagreement arising from differences in values reported by the purchaser and the supplier when using Test Method D3786 for acceptance testing, the statistical bias, if any, between the laboratory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier should be determined with comparison based on testing specimens randomly drawn from one sample of material of the type being evaluated.
Note 2: The kind of load transfer and stretch that occur when knitted goods and nonwoven fabrics are worn are prevented by clamping them as described in this method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the resistance of textile fabrics to bursting using a hydraulic or pneumatic diaphragm bursting tester. This test method is generally applicable to a wide variety of textile products.  
1.2 This test method may also be applicable for stretch woven and woven industrial fabrics such as inflatable restraints. As new materials that may exceed the range of the instrument are developed, please refer to the reporting section and consider using Test Methods D3787 or D6797 instead.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: For the measurement of the bursting strength by means of a ball burst mechanism, refer to Test Method D3787.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D737-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and this test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, ensure the test samples to be used are as homogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and are randomly assigned in equal number to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Air permeability is an important factor in the performance of such textile materials as gas filters, fabrics for air bags, clothing, mosquito netting, parachutes, sails, tentage, and vacuum cleaners. In filtration, for example, efficiency is directly related to air permeability. Air permeability also can be used to provide an indication of the breathability of weather-resistant and rainproof fabrics, or of coated fabrics in general, and to detect changes during the manufacturing process.  
5.3 Performance specifications, both industrial and military, have been prepared on the basis of air permeability and are used in the purchase of fabrics where permeability is of interest.  
5.4 Construction factors and finishing techniques can have an appreciable effect upon air permeability by causing a change in the length of airflow paths through a fabric. Hot calendaring can be used to flatten fabric components, thus reducing...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the air permeability of textile fabrics.  
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, nonwoven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knitted fabrics, layered fabrics, and pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units may be approximate.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4850-23(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical terms used in the industry related to textile fabrics. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included. Other terminology standards that have terms related to textile fabrics are shown in 2.1  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
    11 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off