ASTM F436-07a
(Specification)Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of ¼ through 4 in. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. The types of washers covered here are: Type 1—washers made of carbon steel; and Type 3—washers made of weathering steel. Moreover, the styles of washers covered here are: circular washers, which are suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits; beveled washers, which are square and rectangular with a beveled 1:6 surface for use with American Standard beams and channels; and clipped washers, which are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped. Steels to be used to manufacture the washers shall be produced by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. Each type and style of washer shall be suitably sampled, and should conform to specified values of chemical composition, Rockwell hardness, inside and outside diameter, thickness, and clipped width.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of ¼ through 4 in. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A 325, A 354, A 449, and A 490.
1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the material and by style denoting the shape.
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
1.2.1.1 Type 1—Carbon steel.
1.2.1.2 Type 3—Weathering steel. Atmospheric corrosion resistance and weathering characteristics are comparable to that of steels covered in Specifications A 588/A 588M and A 709/A 709M. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these steels is substantially better than that of carbon steel with or without copper addition. See 5.1. When properly exposed to the atmosphere, these steels can be used bare (uncoated) for many applications.
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
1.2.2.1 Circular—Circular washers in nominal bolt sizes ¼ through 4 in. suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits.
1.2.2.2 Beveled—Beveled washers are square or rectangular, in nominal sizes ½ through 1½ in., with a beveled 1 to 6 ratio surface for use with American standard beams and channels.
1.2.2.3 Clipped—Clipped washers are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped.
Note 1—A complete metric companion to Specification F 436 has been developed—Specification F 436M; therefore no metric equivalents are presented in this specification.
1.2.2.4 Extra Thick—Extra thick washers are circular washers in nominal sizes ½ through 1½ in., with a nominal thickness of 5/16 in. suitable for structural applications with oversized holes.
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F 1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
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Designation: F 436 – 07a
Standard Specification for
1
Hardened Steel Washers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.2.2.4 Extra Thick—Extra thick washers are circular wash-
1 1
ers in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 1 ⁄2 in., with a nominal
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and
5
thickness of ⁄16 in. suitable for structural applications with
dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use
oversized holes.
1
with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of ⁄4 through
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-
4 in. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechani-
nology F 1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
cal and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other
internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are
2. Referenced Documents
suitable for use with fasteners covered in SpecificationsA 325,
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 354, A 449, and A 490.
A 325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat
1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the mate-
Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
rial and by style denoting the shape.
A 354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasten-
1.2.1.1 Type 1—Carbon steel.
ers
1.2.1.2 Type 3—Weathering steel. Atmospheric corrosion
A 449 Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs,
resistance and weathering characteristics are comparable to
Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile
that of steels covered in Specifications A 588/A 588M and
Strength, General Use
A 709/A 709M. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these
A 490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat
steels is substantially better than that of carbon steel with or
Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
without copper addition. See 5.1. When properly exposed to
A 588/A 588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
the atmosphere, these steels can be used bare (uncoated) for
Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield
many applications.
Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
A 709/A 709M Specification for Structural Steel for
1
1.2.2.1 Circular—Circular washers in nominal bolt sizes ⁄4
Bridges
through 4 in. suitable for applications where sufficient space
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for
exists and angularity permits.
Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
1.2.2.2 Beveled—Beveled washers are square or rectangu-
B 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically
1 1
lar, in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 1 ⁄2 in., with a beveled 1 to 6
Deposited on Iron and Steel
ratio surface for use with American standard beams and
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
channels.
F 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Prop-
1.2.2.3 Clipped—Clipped washers are circular or beveled
erties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners,
for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be
Washers, Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
clipped.
F 1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
NOTE 1—AcompletemetriccompaniontoSpecificationF 436hasbeen
F 2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Require-
developed—Specification F 436M; therefore no metric equivalents are
ments for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts,
presented in this specification.
Screws, Washers, Nuts, and Special Threaded Fasteners
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
2
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Nuts, Rivets and Washers. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as F 436 – 07. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F 436 – 07a
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
G 101 Guide for Estimating the Atmospheric Corrosion
Resistance of Low-Alloy Steels
Composition, %
A
Element Type 1 Type 3
3. Ordering Information
Phosphorus, max
3.1 Orders for hardened steel washers under this specifica-
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F436–07 Designation: F 436 – 07a
Standard Specification for
1
Hardened Steel Washers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with
1
fasteners having nominal thread diameters of ⁄4 through 4 in. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and
structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners.These washers are suitable for use with
fasteners covered in Specifications A 325, A 354, A 449, and A 490.
1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the material and by style denoting the shape.
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
1.2.1.1 Type 1—Carbon steel.
1.2.1.2 Type 3—Weathering steel. Atmospheric corrosion resistance and weathering characteristics are comparable to that of
steels covered in Specifications A 588/A 588M and A 709/A 709M. The atmospheric corrosion resistance of these steels is
substantially better than that of carbon steel with or without copper addition. See 5.1. When properly exposed to the atmosphere,
these steels can be used bare (uncoated) for many applications.
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
1
1.2.2.1 Circular—Circular washers in nominal bolt sizes ⁄4 through 4 in. suitable for applications where sufficient space exists
and angularity permits.
1 1
1.2.2.2 Beveled—Beveled washers are square or rectangular, in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 1 ⁄2 in., with a beveled 1 to 6 ratio
surface for use with American standard beams and channels.
1.2.2.3 Clipped—Clipped washers are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped.
NOTE 1—A complete metric companion to Specification F 436 has been developed—Specification F 436M; therefore no metric equivalents are
presented in this specification.
1 1
1.2.2.4 Extra Thick—Extra thick washers are circular washers in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 1 ⁄2 in., with a nominal thickness of
5
⁄16 in. suitable for structural applications with oversized holes.
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F 1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 325 Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
A 354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
A 449 Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength,
General Use
A 490 Specification for Structural Bolts, Alloy Steel, Heat Treated, 150 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength
A 588/A 588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] MinimumYield Point, with
Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
A 709/A 709M Specification for Structural Steel for Bridges
A 751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel Products
B 695 Specification for Coatings of Zinc Mechanically Deposited on Iron and Steel
D 3951 Practice for Commercial Packaging
F 606 Test Methods for Determining the Mechanical Properties of Externally and Internally Threaded Fasteners, Washers,
Direct Tension Indicators, and Rivets
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets
and Washers.
Current edition approved Aug.Dec. 1, 2007. Published August 2007.January 2008. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20042007 as
F 436 – 047.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F 436 – 07a
F 1789 Terminology for F16 Mechanical Fasteners
F 2329 Specification for Zinc Coating, Hot-Dip, Requirements for Application to Carbon and Alloy Steel Bolts
...
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