ASTM E723-97
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Efficacy of Antimicrobials as Preservatives for Aqueous-Based Products Used in the Paper Industry (Bacterial Spoilage)
Standard Test Method for Efficacy of Antimicrobials as Preservatives for Aqueous-Based Products Used in the Paper Industry (Bacterial Spoilage)
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method is used to determine the efficacy of an antimicrobial for preventing bacterial spoilage of in-process aqueous-based products used in the paper industry. For information on fungal spoilage, see Test Method E 875. This test method should be performed by persons who have had basic microbiological training.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E 723 – 97
Standard Test Method for
Efficacy of Antimicrobials as Preservatives for Aqueous-
Based Products Used in the Paper Industry (Bacterial
Spoilage)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 723; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This laboratory test method is used to determine the 4.1 Aqueous material to be preserved is inoculated with an
efficacy of an antimicrobial for preventing bacterial spoilage of appropriate microbial inoculum followed by addition of a
in-process aqueous-based products used in the paper industry. concentration of bactericide that will kill the microbes and
For information on fungal spoilage, see Test Method E 875. prevent their growth for a desired period of time. Microbial
This test method should be performed by persons who have numbers in the sample are determined at various time periods
had basic microbiological training. and compared to a contol without any biocide. The proper level
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the of antimicrobial is one that reduces and keeps the organisms to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the an acceptable level in the test material.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5. Significance and Use
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 5.1 This test method should be used to determine if an
antimicrobial prevents spoilage by bacteria and preserves
2. Referenced Documents
pigment suspensions, dye solutions, pulp slurries, starch solu-
2.1 ASTM Standards: tions, polymers, sizing agents, latex emulsions, and other
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water aqueous-based materials used in the paper industry.
E 875 Test Method for Efficacy of Fungal Control Agents as
6. Apparatus
Preservatives for Aqueous Based Products Used in the
Paper Industry 6.1 Balance—Two balances: one should be sensitive to 0.1
g at a load of 200 g and have a platform to accomodate bottles
E 1054 Practices for Evaluating Inactivators of Antimicro-
bial Agents Used in Disinfectant, Sanitizer, Antiseptic, or being used in the test. The second balance (analytical) should
be sensitive to 0.1 mg and should be employed to weigh the
Preserved Products
E 1326 Guide for Evaluating Nonconventional Microbio- candidate preservative to be used in the preparation of the stock
solutions.
logical Tests Used for Enumerating Bacteria
6.2 Bottles—Borosilicate glass milk dilution bottles or other
3. Terminology
suitable containers fitted either with screw caps or Escher
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: rubber stoppers. These bottles are used for water blanks and
3.1.1 antimicrobial, n—chemical or physical agent that kills aqueous-based samples.
microorganisms. 6.3 Colony Counter—Any one of several types may be used
3.1.2 bactericide, n—an agent that kills bacteria. This term as the Quebec, Buck, and Wolfhuegel. A hand tally for the
is applied to chemical agents that kill bacteria but not neces- recording of the bacterial count is recommended if manual
sarily bacterial spores. counting is done. Alternatively, an automated video colony
3.1.3 preservatives, n—a chemical or physical agent used to counter may also be used.
prevent microbial spoilage of products. 6.4 Culture Tube Closures—Appropriate nontoxic closures
should be selected.
6.5 Culture Tubes—Recommended size is 15 by 125 mm or
18 by 150 mm without lip, and preferably of borosilicate glass.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-35 on
6.6 Blender—Any blender that will assure proper agitation
Pesticides and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E35.15 on Antibacterial
and Antiviral Agents.
and blending.
Current edition approved April 10, 1997. Published June 1997. Originally
6.7 Flaming Equipment—Depending upon circumstances,
published as E 723 – 80. Last previous edition E 723 – 91.
2 either an alcohol lamp or bunsen burner may be used to flame
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.05. inoculating needles and other equipment.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 723
6.8 Incubators, capable of maintaining temperatures of 28 appropriate concentrations of the antimicrobial. Set up controls
to 70 6 1°C to provide proper incubation temperatures. in duplicate. Note appropriate physical characteristics such as
Temperature should be consistent with the temperature of the pH, color, odor, viscosity etc., of all test samples at this time.
product to be preserved. 9.1.1 Make the following additions aseptically to each
6.9 Petri Dishes, 100 by 15-mm, plastic or borosilicate bottle in the order named and shake vigorously after each
glass, sterile. addition, using 20 complete cycles in a vertical motion.
6.10 pH Measurement—Any reliable pH meter is suitable to 9.1.2 Add the desired volume of the stock solution of the
standardize the pH of the culture medium. Nonbleeding tests antimicrobial to be tested to give the desired concentration in
strips are recommended for samples. parts per million or percent. Stock solution of the antimicrobial
6.11 Pipets, 1.1 or 2.2-mL milk dilution type, 1.0-mL should be of such strength so that the volume of antimicrobial
graduated in 0.01 mL, 10-mL graduated in 0.1 mL and solution added is no more than 1 % of the total volume of
appropriately calibrated pipettors may be used. Serological sample in each bottle. Do not add an antimicrobial to the
pipets and pipettors should not be used for highly viscous control. Include in each test a minimum of five concentrations
materials. of the antimicrobial under test. Suggested antimicrobial con-
6.12 Sterilizers, pressurized steam sterilizer or hot air oven centrations are 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 600 ppm, or
capable of 180 6 2°C for 2 6 0.2 h. whatever range of concentration may be suitable for the
material to be tested. Record the pH of all samples at the
7. Microbicides and Materials
beginning of the experiment, using nonbleeding test strips.
7.1 Freshly prepared test solut
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