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ASTM A297/A297M-14

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application

Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standards for iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings of general purpose grades (Grades HF, HH, HI, HK, HE, HT, HU, HW, HX, HC, HD, HL, HN, and HN) applicable in heat-resistant services. Alloys shall be produced through electric arc, electric-induction, or other approved processes. Heat-treatment shall be conducted when agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. The material shall conform to carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum contents. Tensile requirements including tensile strength, yield point, and elongation shall apply when specified in the purchase order. Guidelines for repair by welding are also given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings for heat-resistant service. The grades covered by this specification are general purpose alloys and no attempt has been made to include heat-resisting alloys used for special production application. Note 1—For heat-resisting alloys used for special product application, reference should be made to Specification A351/A351M, A217/A217M, and A447/A447M.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2014
ICS
77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
Technical Committee
A01 - Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys
Drafting Committee
A01.18 - Castings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM A297/A297M-10 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Replaced By
ASTM A297/A297M-17 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application
Effective Date
01-May-2017
Referred By
ASTM A451/A451M-20 - Standard Specification for Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM A744/A744M-21a - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM A488/A488M-18e2 - Standard Practice for Steel Castings, Welding, Qualifications of Procedures and Personnel
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM A781/A781M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM A743/A743M-21 - Standard Specification for Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application
Effective Date
01-May-2014
Referred By
ASTM A957/A957M-21 - Standard Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
Effective Date
01-May-2014

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ASTM A297/A297M-14 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General ApplicationASTM A297/A297M-14 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application
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REDLINE ASTM A297/A297M-14 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General ApplicationREDLINE ASTM A297/A297M-14 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application
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REDLINE ASTM A297/A297M-14 - Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A297/A297M −14
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel,
1
Heat Resistant, for General Application
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA297/A297M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. General Conditions for Delivery
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium and iron-
3.1 Except for investment castings, material furnished to
chromium-nickel alloy castings for heat-resistant service. The
this specification shall conform to the requirements of Speci-
grades covered by this specification are general purpose alloys
fication A781/A781M, including any supplementary require-
and no attempt has been made to include heat-resisting alloys
ments that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to
used for special production application.
comply with the general requirements of Specification A781/
A781M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In
NOTE 1—For heat-resisting alloys used for special product application,
case of conflict between the requirements of this specification
reference should be made to Specification A351/A351M, A217/A217M,
and A447/A447M. and Specification A781/A781M, this specification shall pre-
vail.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.2 Investment castings furnished to this specification shall
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
conform to the requirements of Specification A957/A957M,
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general require-
with the standard.
ments of Specification A957/A957M constitutes nonconfor-
mance with this specification. In case of conflict between the
2. Referenced Documents
requirements of this specification and Specification A957/
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A957M, Specification A957/A957M shall prevail.
A217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic
Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suit-
4. Ordering Information
able for High-Temperature Service
4.1 The inquiry and order should include or indicate the
A351/A351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for
following:
Pressure-Containing Parts
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the
of Steel Products
casting drawing),
A447/A447M Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-
Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature 4.1.2 Grade of steel,
Service
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy,
4.1.4 The supplementary requirements desired including the
Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
standards of acceptance.
A957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steel
and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial
5. Process
Use
5.1 Alloys shall be made by the following processes:
electric-arc, electric-induction, or other approved processes.
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.18 on Castings. 6. Heat Treatment
Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published June 2014. Originally
6.1 Castings for heat-resistant service may be shipped in the
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as A297/A297M – 10.
DOI: 10.1520/A0297_A0297M-14.
as-cast condition without heat treatment. If heat treatment is
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
required, the treatment shall be established by mutual agree-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ment between the manufacturer and the purchaser and shall be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. so specified in the inquiry, contract, or order.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A297/A297M − 14
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, % (max, except where range is given)
Grade/
Type
B C
UNS Number
Carbon Manganese Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Other
HF 19 Chromium, 0.20–0.40 2.00 2.00 0.0
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A297/A297M − 10 A297/A297M − 14
Standard Specification for
Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel,
1
Heat Resistant, for General Application
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A297/A297M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings for heat-resistant service. The grades
covered by this specification are general purpose alloys and no attempt has been made to include heat-resisting alloys used for
special production application.
NOTE 1—For heat-resisting alloys used for special product application, reference should be made to Specification A351/A351M, A217/A217M, and
A447/A447M.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A217/A217M Specification for Steel Castings, Martensitic Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Containing Parts, Suitable for
High-Temperature Service
A351/A351M Specification for Castings, Austenitic, for Pressure-Containing Parts
A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
A447/A447M Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service
A781/A781M Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
A957A957/A957M Specification for Investment Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use
3. General Conditions for Delivery
3.1 Except for investment castings, material furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification
A781/A781M, including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the
general requirements of Specification A781/A781M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between
the requirements of this specification and Specification A781/A781M, this specification shall prevail.
3.2 Investment castings furnished to this specification shall conform to the requirements of Specification A957A957/A957M,
including any supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase order. Failure to comply with the general requirements
of Specification A957A957/A957M constitutes nonconformance with this specification. In case of conflict between the
requirements of this specification and Specification A957A957/A957M, Specification A957A957/A957M shall prevail.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 The inquiry and order should include or indicate the following:
4.1.1 A description of the casting by pattern number or drawing (dimensional tolerances shall be included on the casting
drawing),
4.1.2 Grade of steel,
4.1.3 Options in the specification, and
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.18
on Castings.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010May 1, 2014. Published June 2010June 2014. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20082010 as
A297/A297M – 08a.A297/A297M – 10. DOI: 10.1520/A0297_A0297M-10.10.1520/A0297_A0297M-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
A297/A297M − 14
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
GradeGrade/
Composition, % (max, except where range is given)
UNS Type
AB BC
Carbon Manganese Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chromium Nickel Molybdenum Other
Number
HF 19 Chromium, 0.20–0.40 2.00 2.00 0.04 0.04 18.0–23.0 8.0–12.0 0.50
J92603 9 Nickel
HH 25 Chromium, 0.20–0.50 2.00 2.00 0.04 0.04 24.0–28.0 11.0–14.0 0.50
J93503 12 Nickel
HI 28 Chromium, 0
...

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This specification covers standards for iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings of general purpose grades (Grades HF, HH, HI, HK, HE, HT, HU, HW, HX, HC, HD, HL, HN, and HN) applicable in heat-resistant services. Alloys shall be produced through electric arc, electric-induction, or other approved processes. Heat-treatment shall be conducted when agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. The material shall conform to carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, and molybdenum contents. Tensile requirements including tensile strength, yield point, and elongation shall apply when specified in the purchase order. Guidelines for repair by welding are also given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel alloy castings for heat-resistant service. The grades covered by this specification are general purpose alloys and no attempt has been made to include heat-resisting alloys used for special production application.  
Note 1: For heat-resisting alloys used for special product application, reference should be made to Specifications A351/A351M, A217/A217M, and A447/A447M.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A487/A487M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings Suitable for Pressure Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers low-alloy steel and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered conditions, suitable for pressure-containing parts. All castings shall receive the specified heat treatment requirement: austenitizing temperature, medium, quenching cool, and tempering temperature. Preliminary heat treatment and multiple tempering are permitted. Recording-type pyrometers shall be used to control the furnace temperature. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, boron, and copper. Residual elements include: copper, nickel, chromium, tungsten, molybdenum, and vanadium. Tensile properties of the steel shall conform to the requirements for tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, reduction of area, hardness, and maximum thickness. Product analysis tolerance is specified. Repair by welding may be done.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers low-alloy steels and martensitic stainless steels in the normalized and tempered, or quenched and tempered, condition suitable for pressure-containing parts. The weldability of the classes in this specification varies from readily weldable to weldable only with adequate precautions, and the weldability of each class should be considered prior to assembly by fusion welding.  
1.2 Selection will depend on design, mechanical, and service conditions. Users should note that hardenability of some of the grades mentioned may restrict the maximum size at which the required mechanical properties are obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A781/A781M-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Castings, Steel and Alloy, Common Requirements, for General Industrial Use

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a group of common requirements that, unless covered by the individual product specification in another ASTM document, applies to steel and alloy castings for use in general industrial applications. Materials shall be produced by open-hearth or electric furnace process with or without separate refining, such as argon-oxygen-decarburization (AOD), and then consequently heat treated in the working zone. Castings shall receive heat and product analysis to evaluate their conformance to chemical composition requirements. Mechanical requirements shall also be assessed. The surfaces of castings shall be free of adhering sand, scale, cracks, hot tears, and other surface discontinuities. Repair welding may be performed as required.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a group of requirements that are mandatory requirements of the following steel casting specifications issued by ASTM. If the product specification specifies different requirements, the product specification shall prevail.    
ASTM
Designation  
Title of Specification  
A27/A27M  
Steel Castings, Carbon, for General Application  
A128/A128M  
Steel Castings, Austenitic Manganese  
A148/A148M  
Steel Castings, High Strength, for Structural Purposes  
A297/A297M  
Steel Castings, Iron-Chromium and Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Heat Resistant, for General Application  
A447/A447M  
Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service  
A494/A494M  
Castings, Nickel and Nickel Alloy  
A560/A560M  
Castings, Chromium-Nickel Alloy  
A743/A743M  
Castings, Iron-Chromium, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for General Application  
A744/A744M  
Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel, Corrosion Resistant, for Severe Service  
A747/A747M  
Steel Castings, Stainless, Precipitation Hardening  
A890/A890M  
Castings, Iron-Chromium-Nickel-Molybdenum Corrosion-Resistant, Duplex (Austenitic/Ferritic) for General Application    
A915/A915M  
Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, Chemical Requirements Similar to Standard Wrought Grades  
A958/A958M  
Steel Castings, Carbon and Alloy, with Tensile Requirements, Chemical Requirements Similiar to Standard Wrought Grades  
A1002  
Castings, Nickel-Aluminum Ordered Alloy  
1.2 This specification also covers a group of supplementary requirements that may be applied to the above specifications as indicated therein. These are provided for use when additional testing or inspection is desired and apply only when specified individually by the purchaser in the order.  
1.3 The requirements of the individual material specification and this general specification shall prevail in the sequence named.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM A447/A447M-11(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron Alloy (25-12 Class), for High-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications. The alloys shall be electric-furnace processed and heat treated. The castings shall conform to the required chemical compositions of nickel, chromium, carbon, nitrogen, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron. The specimens shall undergo tension test after aging and short-time high-temperature tension test and shall conform to the required values of tensile strength and elongation. A stress-rupture test shall also be performed wherein the specimens shall conform to the required values of tensile stress. The specimen shall also conform to the required values of magnetic permeability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers iron-base, heat-resisting alloy castings of the 25 % chromium, 12 % nickel class, intended for structural elements, containers, and supports in electric furnaces, petroleum still tube supports, and for similar applications up to 2000 °F [1095 °C].  
1.2 In the absence of significant proportions of elements other than those prescribed in Section 5, the two types of alloys covered by this specification may in general be distinguished as follows:  
1.2.1 Type I—Alloys characterized by relatively low limiting creep stress at temperatures between 1500 and 2000 °F [815 and 1095 °C], and relatively high ductility at ordinary temperatures after aging for short periods at temperatures between 1300 and 1500 °F [705 and 815 °C].  
1.2.2 Type II—Alloys having relatively high limiting creep stress but which may develop low ductility at ordinary temperatures when aged for short periods at temperatures between 1350 and 1500 °F [730 and 815 °C].  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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