ASTM F631-99(2008)
(Guide)Standard Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in Controlled Environments
Standard Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in Controlled Environments
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide provides quantitative data in the form of oil recovery rates, throughput efficiencies, and oil recovery efficiencies under controlled test conditions. The data can be used for evaluating design characteristics of a particular spill removal device or as a means of comparing two or more devices. Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncontrolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank. Other variables such as mechanical reliability, presence of debris, ease of repair, ease of deployment, required operator training, operator fatigue, seaworthiness, and transportability also affect performance in an actual spill but are not measured by this guide. These variables should be considered along with the test data when making comparisons or evaluations of spill removal devices.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a guide for determining performance parameters of full-scale oil spill removal devices in recovering floating oil when tested in controlled environments.
1.2 This guide involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials after testing is completed. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to procure and abide by the necessary permits for disposal of the used test oil.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F631 − 99(Reapproved 2008)
Standard Guide for
Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in Controlled
Environments
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF631;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Uncontrolled Environments (Withdrawn 1997)
1.1 This standard provides a guide for determining perfor-
3. Terminology
mance parameters of full-scale oil spill removal devices in
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
recoveringfloatingoilwhentestedincontrolledenvironments.
3.1.1 data collection period, n—the period of time during a
1.2 Thisguideinvolvestheuseofspecifictestoilsthatmay
test run when the performance data are recorded.
beconsideredhazardousmaterialsaftertestingiscompleted.It
3.1.2 emulsification factor, n—the increase in total fluids in
is the responsibility of the user of this guide to procure and
storage as a result of emulsification by the skimming
abide by the necessary permits for disposal of the used test oil.
mechanism, the skimmer pump, or other component of the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
skimmer.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
EF 5 WC 2 WC / 100 2 WC 11 (1)
~ ! ~ !
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- F 0 F
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
where:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WC = the final water content %, and
F
WC = the initial water content %.
2. Referenced Documents
3.1.3 nameplate recovery rate, n—the maximum skimming
2.1 ASTM Standards:
capacity of a device as stated by the manufacturer.
D97Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
3.1.4 oil encounter rate, n—the volume of oil per unit time
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
actively directed to the removal mechanism (m /h).
andOpaqueLiquids(andCalculationofDynamicViscos-
ity)
3.1.5 oil recovery effıciency, n—the ratio, expressed as a
D971Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against
percentage, of the volume of oil recovered to the volume of
Water by the Ring Method
total fluids recovered.
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
3.1.6 oil recovery rate, n—the volume of oil recovered by
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid 3
the device per unit of time (m /h).
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
3.1.7 oil slick, n—theoilyfluidencounteredbytheskimmer.
D2983Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lu-
3.1.7.1 Discussion—Most real oil slicks actually are com-
bricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer
posed of various proportions of pure oil, water-in-oil (W/O)
D4007TestMethodforWaterandSedimentinCrudeOilby
emulsions, and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions; therefore, effi-
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
ciencies and other performance criteria must be differentiated
F625PracticeforClassifyingWaterBodiesforSpillControl
between those based on the oil slick itself, and those based on
Systems
only the water-free oil contained within the oil slick.
F808Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in
3.1.8 oil slick encounter rate, n—thevolumeofoilslickper
unit time actively encountered by the skimmer, and therefore,
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
available for recovery (m /h).
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.1.9 oil slick recovery effıciency, n—the ratio, expressed as
F20.12 on Removal.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008. Published March 2008. Originally a percentage, of the volume of oil slick recovered to the
approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as F631–99. DOI:
volume of total fluids recovered.
10.1520/F0631-99R08.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F631 − 99 (2008)
3.1.10 oil slick recovery rate, n—the volume of oil slick water for the length of the facility. A wave generator may be
removed from the water surface by the skimmer per unit of installed on one end, or on the side of the facility, or both.
time. 7.1.2 Current Tank—A current tank is a water-filled tank
equipped with a pump or other propulsion system for moving
3.1.11 oil slick thickness, n—theaveragethicknessoftheoil
the water through a test section where the test device is
slick encountered by the test device (mm).
mounted.Awavegeneratormaybeinstalledonthistypeoftest
3.1.12 test fluid, n—the oil or oil/water mixture distributed
facility.
on the water of the test facility and presented to the spill
7.1.3 Other facilities, such as private ponds or flumes, may
removal device for recovery.
also be used, provided the test parameters can be suitably
3.1.13 throughput effıciency, n—the ratio, expressed as a
controlled.
percentage,ofthevolumeofoilrecoveredtothevolumeofoil
7.2 Ancillary systems for facilities include, but are not
encountered.
limited to, a distribution system for accurately delivering oils
tothewatersurface,skimmingsystemstoassistincleaningthe
4. Significance and Use
facilitybetweentests,andadequatetankageforstoringthetest
4.1 This guide provides quantitative data in the form of oil
oils.
recovery rates, throughput efficiencies, and oil recovery effi-
ciencies under controlled test conditions.The data can be used
8. Test Oils
for evaluating design characteristics of a particular spill re-
8.1 Testoilsforusewiththisguideshouldbeselectedtofall
movaldeviceorasameansofcomparingtwoormoredevices.
within the parameters specified in Appendix X1. These oils
Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used to
may be crude, refined, or simulated.
predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncon-
trolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the 8.2 If test oils vary significantly from the recommended
field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank. Other ranges, the test report shall discuss the implications of such
variables such as mechanical reliability, presence of debris, deviations on the performance of the device.
ease of repair, ease of deployment, required operator training,
8.3 The viscosity of oil varies greatly with temperature.
operator fatigue, seaworthiness, and transportability also affect
Frequently test oils must be distributed in the test facility at
performance in an actual spill but are not measured by this
temperatures different from the water temperature. When this
guide.Thesevariablesshouldbeconsideredalongwiththetest
occurs, the oil generally will approach the surface water
datawhenmakingcomparisonsorevaluationsofspillremoval
temperature.
devices.
8.4 If oils that originally meet the conditions stated in
Appendix X1 are reused, their properties may change and
5. Summary of Guide
should be evaluated prior to reuse.
5.1 The spill removal device may be tested in a wave/tow
tank or other facility that is suitable for controlling the
9. Safety Precautions
appropriate test parameters. Significant testing results can be
9.1 Test operations shall conform to established safety (and
obtained using simple test tanks or ponds, particularly when
regulatory) requirements for both test facility operations and
calm water and low velocity advancing tests are desired as an
oil handling. Particular caution must be exercised when han-
economical means to screen and compare devices. Controlled
dling flammable or toxic test oils.
test variables include relative velocity, oil properties and slick
thickness,waveconditions,andpertinentdevicevariables.Itis
10. Test Device
essentialthatthedevicebeoperatedinasteady-statecondition
during the sampling period when oil encounter rate, recovery
10.1 The test device shall be deployed in accordance with
rate, recovery efficiency, and device parameters are monitored,
facility operating characteristics. The device must be operated
measured, and recorded.
in accordance with the manufacturer’s specified operating
instructions with respect to mechanical operations and estab-
6. Interferences
lished maintenance routines. Modifications to the device, in
any modification from commercial design, shall be recorded
6.1 The table of results (see 13.1) shall address the possi-
with the test results.
bility of test facility effects. For example, wall effects may
interfere hydrodynamically with the device’s performance.
10.2 The make and model of the device, its nameplate
recovery rate, and any other identifying specifications shall be
6.2 Careshouldbetakenthatanycontainmentmeansthatis
recorded with the test results.
not inherent in the skimming device does not affect the oil
distribution to the device.
11. Test Variables
7. Test Facilities
11.1 Attheoutsetofthetest,theindependentorcontroltest
7.1 Severaltypesoftestfacilitiescanbeusedtoconductthe parameters are selected. The test evaluator should include a
test outlined in this guide. discussion of the procedures that were used to establish
7.1.1 Wave/Tow Tank—A wave/tow tank has a movable calibration and standardization. Data should be expressed with
bridge or other mechanism for towing the test device through an indication of variability. Typical test variables include:
F631 − 99 (2008)
12.2.7 Oil slick encounter rate (m /h), and
Test oils as stated in Appendix X1
Test speed upper and lower limits and speed increments
12.2.8 Operating parameters of the spill recovery device
selected as appropriate within ± 0.1 m/s
such as belt speed (m/s), weir setting (mm below fluid level),
Oil slick thickness 1, 5, and 25 mm and other thicknesses as
appropriate pump speed (r/min), etc.
Wave conditions wave characteristics of significant height,
12.3 At the completion of the data collection period, divert
average length, and average significant period
and pattern may be varied as appropriate to the
the discharge of the spill removal device back into the holding
design of the skimmer
tank or test tank. Stop the wave generator, tow mechanism or
Wave
...
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