ASTM F631-15
(Guide)Standard Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in Controlled Environments
Standard Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in Controlled Environments
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides quantitative data in the form of oil recovery rates, throughput efficiencies, and oil recovery efficiencies under controlled test conditions. The data can be used for evaluating design characteristics of a particular spill removal device or as a means of comparing two or more devices. Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncontrolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank. Other variables such as mechanical reliability, presence of debris, ease of repair, ease of deployment, required operator training, operator fatigue, seaworthiness, and transportability also affect performance in an actual spill but are not measured by this guide. These variables should be considered along with the test data when making comparisons or evaluations of spill removal devices.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a guide for determining performance parameters of full-scale oil spill removal devices in recovering floating oil when tested in controlled environments.
1.2 This guide involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials after testing is completed. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to procure and abide by the necessary permits for disposal of the used test oil.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: F631 − 15
Standard Guide for
Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in Controlled
1
Environments
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationF631;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope F625/F625MPractice for ClassifyingWater Bodies for Spill
Control Systems
1.1 This standard provides a guide for determining perfor-
F808Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in
mance parameters of full-scale oil spill removal devices in
3
Uncontrolled Environments (Withdrawn 1997)
recoveringfloatingoilwhentestedincontrolledenvironments.
1.2 Thisguideinvolvestheuseofspecifictestoilsthatmay
3. Terminology
beconsideredhazardousmaterialsaftertestingiscompleted.It
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
is the responsibility of the user of this guide to procure and
3.1.1 data collection period, n—the period of time during a
abide by the necessary permits for disposal of the used test oil.
test run when the performance data are recorded.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3.1.2 emulsification factor, n—the increase in total fluids in
asstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthis
storage as a result of emulsification by the skimming
standard.
mechanism, the skimmer pump, or other component of the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
skimmer.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
EF 5 ~WC 2 WC !/~100 2 WC !11 (1)
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- F 0 F
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
where:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
WC = the final water content %, and
F
WC = the initial water content %.
0
2. Referenced Documents
2
3.1.3 fluid recovery rate, n—the volume of fluid recovered
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
by the device per unit of time m /h.
D97Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent 3.1.4 nameplate recovery rate, n—the maximum skimming
andOpaqueLiquids(andCalculationofDynamicViscos- capacity of a device as stated by the manufacturer.
ity)
3.1.5 oil encounter rate, n—the volume of oil per unit time
3
D971Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against
actively directed to the removal mechanism (m /h).
Water by the Ring Method
3.1.6 oil recovery effıciency, n—the ratio, expressed as a
D1298Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API
percentage, of the volume of oil recovered to the volume of
Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Prod-
total fluids recovered.
ucts by Hydrometer Method
D2983Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lu- 3.1.7 oil recovery rate, n—the volume of oil recovered by
3
the device per unit of time (m /h).
bricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer
D4007TestMethodforWaterandSedimentinCrudeOilby
3.1.8 oil slick, n—theoilyfluidencounteredbytheskimmer.
the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
3.1.8.1 Discussion—Most real oil slicks actually are com-
posed of various proportions of pure oil, water-in-oil (W/O)
1
emulsions, and oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions; therefore, effi-
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
ciencies and other performance criteria must be differentiated
F20.12 on Removal.
between those based on the oil slick itself, and those based on
Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally
only the water-free oil contained within the oil slick.
approvedin1980.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2008asF631–99(2008).DOI:
10.1520/F0631-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F631 − 15
3.1.9 oil slick encounter rate, n—thevolumeofoilslickper 7. Test Facilities
unit time actively encountered by the skimmer, and therefore,
7.1 Severaltypesoftestfacilitiescanbeusedtoconductthe
3
available for recovery (m /h).
test outlined in this guide.
3.1.10 oil slick recovery effıciency, n—the ratio, expressed
7.1.1 Wave/Tow Tank—A wave/tow tank has a movable
as a percentage, of the volume of oil slick recovered to the
bridge or other mechanism for towing the test device through
volume of
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F631 − 99 (Reapproved 2008) F631 − 15
Standard Guide for
Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in Controlled
1
Environments
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F631; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard provides a guide for determining performance parameters of full-scale oil spill removal devices in recovering
floating oil when tested in controlled environments.
1.2 This guide involves the use of specific test oils that may be considered hazardous materials after testing is completed. It is
the responsibility of the user of this guide to procure and abide by the necessary permits for disposal of the used test oil.
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
D971 Test Method for Interfacial Tension of Oil Against Water by the Ring Method
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by
Hydrometer Method
D2983 Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer
D4007 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Crude Oil by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)
F625F625/F625M Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill Control Systems
3
F808 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in Uncontrolled Environments (Withdrawn 1997)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 data collection period, n—the period of time during a test run when the performance data are recorded.
3.1.2 emulsification factor, n—the increase in total fluids in storage as a result of emulsification by the skimming mechanism,
the skimmer pump, or other component of the skimmer.
EF 5 WC 2 WC / 100 2 WC 11 (1)
~ ! ~ !
F 0 F
where:
WC = the final water content %, and
F
WC = the initial water content %.
0
3
3.1.3 fluid recovery rate, n—the volume of fluid recovered by the device per unit of time m /h.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Responseand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F20.12
on Removal.
Current edition approved March 1, 2008July 1, 2015. Published March 2008December 2015. Originally approved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 19992008
as F631 – 99.F631 – 99(2008). DOI: 10.1520/F0631-99R08.10.1520/F0631-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F631 − 15
3.1.4 nameplate recovery rate, n—the maximum skimming capacity of a device as stated by the manufacturer.
3
3.1.5 oil encounter rate, n—the volume of oil per unit time actively directed to the removal mechanism (m /h).
3.1.6 oil recovery effıciency, n—the ratio, expressed as a percentage, of the volume of oil recovered to the volume of total fluids
recovered.
3
3.1.7 oil recovery rate, n—the volume of oil recovered by the device per unit of time (m /h).
3.1.8 oil slick, n—the oily fluid encountered by the skimmer.
3.1.8.1 Discussion—
Most real oil slicks actually are composed of various proportions of pure oil, water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, and oil-in-water (O/W)
emulsions; therefore, efficiencies and other performance criteria must be differentiated between those based on the oil slick itself,
and those based on only the water-free oil contained within the oil slick.
3.1.9 oil slick en
...
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