ASTM D5975-17
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Stability of Compost by Measuring Oxygen Consumption
Standard Test Method for Determining the Stability of Compost by Measuring Oxygen Consumption
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A measurement of compost stability is needed for several reasons. It aids in assessing whether the composting process has proceeded sufficiently far to allow the finished compost to be used for its intended application. A different compost stability may be required for different applications of the compost.
5.2 A measurement of compost stability also is needed to verify whether a composting plant is processing the waste to previously agreed levels of stability. This measurement is useful in the commissioning of composting plants and the verification of whether plant operators are satisfying permit requirements.
5.3 The level of compost stability also will indicate its potential to cause odors if the compost is stored without aeration, as well as the level to which it has been hygienized and how susceptible the compost is to renewed bacterial and possible pathogenic activity. Compost stability is an important parameter with regard to phytotoxicity and plant tolerance of the compost.
5.4 The determination of compost stability will allow the selection of well-performing composting technologies, as well as the safe application of compost in its various markets. The method indicates a degree of stability, but does not necessarily indicate that one level is preferable over another level of stability.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the stability of a compost sample by measuring oxygen consumption after exposure of the test compost to a well-stabilized compost under controlled composting conditions on a laboratory scale involving active aeration. This test method is designed to yield reproducible and repeatable results under controlled conditions that resemble the end of the active composting phase. The compost samples are exposed to a well-stabilized compost inoculum that is prepared from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste or waste similar to the waste from which the test materials are derived. The aerobic composting takes place in an environment where temperature, aeration, and humidity are monitored closely and controlled.
1.2 This test method yields a cumulative amount of oxygen consumed/g of volatile solids in the samples over a four-day period. The rate of oxygen consumption is monitored as well.
1.3 This test method is applicable to different types of compost samples including composts derived from wastes, such as municipal solid waste, yard waste, source-separated organics, biosolids, and other types of organic wastes that do not have toxicity levels that are inhibitory to the microorganisms present in aerobic composting systems.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 There is no similar or equivalent ISO method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5975 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Stability of Compost by Measuring Oxygen
1
Consumption
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This test method covers the stability of a compost
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
sample by measuring oxygen consumption after exposure of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the test compost to a well-stabilized compost under controlled
composting conditions on a laboratory scale involving active
2. Referenced Documents
aeration. This test method is designed to yield reproducible and
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
repeatable results under controlled conditions that resemble the
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
end of the active composting phase. The compost samples are
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
exposed to a well-stabilized compost inoculum that is prepared
D2908 Practice for Measuring Volatile Organic Matter in
from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste or waste
Water by Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography
similar to the waste from which the test materials are derived.
D3590 Test Methods for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Water
The aerobic composting takes place in an environment where
D4129 Test Method for Total and Organic Carbon in Water
temperature, aeration, and humidity are monitored closely and
by High Temperature Oxidation and by Coulometric
controlled.
Detection
1.2 This test method yields a cumulative amount of oxygen
D5338 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Biodegrada-
consumed/g of volatile solids in the samples over a four-day
tion of Plastic Materials Under Controlled Composting
period. The rate of oxygen consumption is monitored as well.
Conditions, Incorporating Thermophilic Temperatures
1.3 This test method is applicable to different types of
D5907 Test Methods for Filterable Matter (Total Dissolved
compost samples including composts derived from wastes, Solids) and Nonfilterable Matter (Total Suspended Solids)
such as municipal solid waste, yard waste, source-separated
in Water
organics, biosolids, and other types of organic wastes that do
D8001 Test Method for Determination of Total Nitrogen,
not have toxicity levels that are inhibitory to the microorgan-
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen by Calculation, and Total Phos-
isms present in aerobic composting systems.
phorus in Water, Wastewater by Ion Chromatography
3
2.2 APHA-AWWA-WPCF Standards:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
2540 D Total Suspended Solids Dried at 103°–105 °C
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
2540 E Fixed and Volatile Solids Ignited at 550 °C
standard.
1.5 There is no similar or equivalent ISO method.
3. Terminology
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions of terms in this test method appear in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Terminology D883.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4. Summary of Test Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 This test method consists of the following:
Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.
4.1.1 Selecting a compost sample for the determination of
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
the stability.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Recovery and Reuse. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D5975 – 96 (2010). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 17th Edition,
DOI: 10.1520/D5975-17. 1989, American Public Health Association, 1740 Broadway, New York, NY, 19919.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5975 − 96 (Reapproved 2010) D5975 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Stability of Compost by Measuring Oxygen
1
Consumption
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the stability of a compost sample by measuring oxygen consumption after exposure of the test
compost to a well-stabilized compost under controlled-composting controlled composting conditions on a laboratory scale
involving active aeration. This test method is designed to yield reproducible and repeatable results under controlled conditions that
resemble the end of the active composting phase. The compost samples are exposed to a well-stabilized compost inoculum that
is prepared from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste or waste similar to the waste from which the test materials are
derived. The aerobic composting takes place in an environment where temperature, aeration, and humidity are monitored closely
and controlled.
1.2 This test method yields a cumulative amount of oxygen consumed/g of volatile solids in the samples over a four-day period.
The rate of oxygen consumption is monitored as well.
1.3 This test method is applicable to different types of compost samples including composts derived from wastes, such as
municipal solid waste, yard waste, source-separated organics, biosolids, and other types of organic wastes that do not have toxicity
levels that are inhibitory to the microorganisms present in aerobic composting systems.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 There is no similar or equivalent ISO method.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
D515 Test Method for Phosphorus In Water (Withdrawn 1997)
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1293 Test Methods for pH of Water
3
D1888 Methods Of Test for Particulate and Dissolved Matter in Water (Withdrawn 1989)
D2908 Practice for Measuring Volatile Organic Matter in Water by Aqueous-Injection Gas Chromatography
D3590 Test Methods for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen in Water
D4129 Test Method for Total and Organic Carbon in Water by High Temperature Oxidation and by Coulometric Detection
D5338 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Biodegradation of Plastic Materials Under Controlled Composting Conditions,
Incorporating Thermophilic Temperatures
D5907 Test Methods for Filterable Matter (Total Dissolved Solids) and Nonfilterable Matter (Total Suspended Solids) in Water
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,
Recovery and Reuse.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2017. Published January 2010December 2017. Originally approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 20042010
as D5975–96(2004).D5975 – 96 (2010). DOI: 10.1520/D5975-96R10.10.1520/D5975-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D5975 − 17
D8001 Test Method for Determination of Total Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen by Calculation, and Total Phosphorus in Water,
Wastewater by Ion Chromatography
3
2.2 APHA-AWWA-WPCF Standards:
25402540 D D Total Sus
...
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