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ASTM C1436-08

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Materials for Shotcrete

Standard Specification for Materials for Shotcrete

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the materials for use in hydraulic-cement concrete mixtures to be placed by wet-mix and dry-mix shotcreting. It does not however cover mixing, placement, curing, or protection of the concrete placed by shotcreting. The materials used as ingredients shall consist of cements, aggregates, water, mineral and chemical admixtures, and fibers. Testing, number of tests, and retests shall be performed on the specified materials to ensure the quality of the materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers materials for use in hydraulic-cement concrete mixtures to be placed by shotcreting. It does not cover mixing, placement, curing, or protection of the concrete placed by shotcreting.
1.2 This specification covers materials both wet-mix and dry-mix shotcreting.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.4 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portions of the specfication: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Dec-2008
ICS
91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
Technical Committee
C09 - Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
Drafting Committee
C09.46 - Shotcrete
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1436-99(2004) - Standard Specification for Materials for Shotcrete
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM C1116/C1116M-23 - Standard Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008
Referred By
ASTM F2480-18 - Standard Guide for In-ground Concrete Skatepark
Effective Date
15-Dec-2008

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1436 −08
StandardSpecification for
1
Materials for Shotcrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
1.1 This specification covers materials for use in hydraulic-
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer
cement concrete mixtures to be placed by shotcreting. It does
to Terminology C125.
not cover mixing, placement, curing, or protection of the
concrete placed by shotcreting.
4. Ordering Information
1.2 This specification covers materials for both wet-mix and
4.1 In the absence of designated applicable general
dry-mix shotcreting.
specifications, the purchaser shall include the following infor-
mation in the purchase contract or order, if applicable:
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4.1.1 The specification designation and date of issue,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4.1.2 Specification for cement and type (see 5.1.1),
4.1.3 Grading number for total combined aggregates re-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
quired (see 5.1.2),
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1.4 Specification, type, and grade(s) for admixtures re-
responsibility of the user of the standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- quired (see 5.1.4), and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 4.1.5 Specification, type, length, and, if appropriate, the
diameter (or equivalent cross-sectional dimensions) of fiber
2. Referenced Documents
required (see 5.1.5).
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
5. Material Requirements
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
5.1 In the absence of designated applicable specifications
gregates
covering requirements for quality of materials, the following
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
requirements shall govern:
C330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-
5.1.1 Cement—Cement shall be in accordance with Speci-
tural Concrete
fication C150, Specification C595, or Performance Specifica-
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
tion C1157. If special properties are required, the purchaser
C1116/C1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
shall limit the choice of cements to those suitable for the
C1141/C1141M Specification for Admixtures for Shotcrete
special use.
C1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
5.1.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall be in accordance with
C1385/C1385M Practice for Sampling Materials for Shot-
Specification C33 or Specification C330 if lightweight shot-
crete
creteisspecifiedbythepurchaserexceptthatthegradingofthe
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the
total aggregate constituent of the shotcrete shall be in accor-
Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
dance with the requirements prescribed in Table 1 for the
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
grading number specified.
Sieves
NOTE 1—The ranges shown in Table 1 are by necessity wide in order to
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and
accommodate nationwide conditions. For quality control of any specific
Concrete Aggregatesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.46 on
operation, a producer should develop an average grading for the particular
Shotcrete.
source and production facilities, and control the grading within reasonable
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally
tolerances from this average.
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C1436 – 99(2004).
DOI: 10.1520/C1436-08.
5.1.3 Water—The mixing water shall be in accordance with
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Specification C1602/C1602M.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.1.4 Admixtures—Mineral and chemical admixtures shall
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. be in accordance with Specification C1141/C1141M.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1436−08
TABLE 1 Grading Limits for Combined Aggregate for Shotcrete
specified by the purchaser. Sampling of materials shall be in
Percent by Mass Passing Individual Sieve accordance with Practice C1385/C1385M.
Sieve
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1436–99 (Reapproved 2004) Designation: C 1436 – 08
Standard Specification for
1
Materials for Shotcrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers materials for use in hydraulic-cement concrete mixtures to be placed by shotcreting. It does not
cover mixing, placement, curing, or protection of the concrete placed by shotcreting.
1.2 This specification covers materials for both wet-mix and dry-mix shotcreting.
1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C1116Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete 1116/C 1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
C1141 1141/C 1141M Specification for Admixtures for Shotcrete
C 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C1385Practice for Sampling Materials for Shotcrete 1385/C 1385M Practice for Sampling Materials for Shotcrete
C 1602/C 1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
E11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
3. Terminology
3.1The terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology C125 or Specification C1141
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology C 125.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 In the absence of designated applicable general specifications, the purchaser shall include the following information in the
purchase contract or order, if applicable:
4.1.1 The specification designation and date of issue,
4.1.2 Specification for cement and type (see 5.1.1),
4.1.3 Grading number for total combined aggregates required (see 5.1.2),
4.1.4 Specification, type, and grade(s) for admixtures required (see 5.1.4), and
4.1.5 Specification, type, length, and, if appropriate, the diameter (or equivalent cross-sectional dimensions) of fiber required
(see 5.1.5).
5. Material Requirements
5.1 In the absence of designated applicable specifications covering requirements for quality of materials, the following
requirements shall govern:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.46 on Shotcrete.
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C1436-99.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 1436 – 99(2004).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1436–08
5.1.1 Cement—Cement shall be in accordance with Specification C 150, Specification C 595, or Performance Specification
C 1157. If special properties are required, the purchaser shall limit the choice of cements to those suitable for the special use.
5.1.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall be in accordance with Specification C 33 or Specification C 330 if lightweight shotcrete is
specified by the purchaser except that the grading of the total aggregate constituent of the shotcrete shall be in accordance with
the requirements prescribed in Table 1 for the grading number specifie
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:C1436–99 (Reapproved 2004) Designation: C 1436 – 08
Standard Specification for
1
Materials for Shotcrete
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1436; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers materials for use in hydraulic-cement concrete mixtures to be placed by shotcreting. It does not
cover mixing, placement, curing, or protection of the concrete placed by shotcreting.
1.2 This specification covers materials for both wet-mix and dry-mix shotcreting.
1.3The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of the standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C1116Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Shotcrete 1116/C 1116M Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
C1141 1141/C 1141M Specification for Admixtures for Shotcrete
C 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C1385Practice for Sampling Materials for Shotcrete 1385/C 1385M Practice for Sampling Materials for Shotcrete
C 1602/C 1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
E11 Specification for Wire Cloth and Sieves for Testing Purposes
3. Terminology
3.1The terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology C125 or Specification C1141
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology C 125.
4. Ordering Information
4.1 In the absence of designated applicable general specifications, the purchaser shall include the following information in the
purchase contract or order, if applicable:
4.1.1 The specification designation and date of issue,
4.1.2 Specification for cement and type (see 5.1.1),
4.1.3 Grading number for total combined aggregates required (see 5.1.2),
4.1.4 Specification, type, and grade(s) for admixtures required (see 5.1.4), and
4.1.5 Specification, type, length, and, if appropriate, the diameter (or equivalent cross-sectional dimensions) of fiber required
(see 5.1.5).
5. Material Requirements
5.1 In the absence of designated applicable specifications covering requirements for quality of materials, the following
requirements shall govern:
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of Committee C09 on Concrete and ConcreteAggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.46 on Shotcrete.
Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C1436-99.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2008. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 1436 – 99(2004).
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1436–08
5.1.1 Cement—Cement shall be in accordance with Specification C 150, Specification C 595, or Performance Specification
C 1157. If special properties are required, the purchaser shall limit the choice of cements to those suitable for the special use.
5.1.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall be in accordance with Specification C 33 or Specification C 330 if lightweight shotcrete is
specified by the purchaser except that the grading of the total aggregate constituent of the shotcrete shall be in accordance with
the requirements prescribed in Table 1 for the grading number specifie
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Tests performed at the same location across a span of years may be used to detect a reduction of infiltration rate of the pervious concrete, thereby identifying the need for remediation.  
5.2 The infiltration rate obtained by this method is valid only for the localized area of the pavement where the test is conducted. To determine the infiltration rate of the entire pervious pavement multiple locations must be tested and the results averaged.  
5.3 The field infiltration rate is typically established by the design engineer of record and is a function of the design precipitation event.  
5.4 This test method does not measure the influence on in-place infiltration rate due to sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab. Visual inspection of concrete cores is the best approach for determining sealing of voids near the bottom of the pervious concrete slab.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the field water infiltration rate of in place pervious concrete.
Note 1: For permeable unit pavement systems, Test Method C1781/C1781M should be used. Test Method C1781/C1781M is functionally identical to this test method but includes added provisions for positioning and securing the test ring to a discontinuous surface. Both tests methods give comparable results  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes that provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C617/C617M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Capping Cylindrical Concrete Specimens

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice describes procedures for providing plane surfaces on the ends of freshly molded concrete cylinders, hardened cylinders, or drilled concrete cores when the end surfaces do not conform with the planeness and perpendicularity requirements of applicable standards. Practice C1231/C1231M describes alternative procedures using unbonded caps or pad caps.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers apparatus, materials, and procedures for capping freshly molded concrete cylinders with neat cement and hardened cylinders and drilled concrete cores with high-strength gypsum paste or sulfur mortar.  
1.2 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements see 4.3.1 and 6.2.4.1.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C1621/C1621M-17(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Passing Ability of Self-Consolidating Concrete by J-Ring

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a procedure to determine the passing ability of self-consolidating concrete. This test method is applicable for laboratory use in comparing the passing ability of different concrete mixtures. It is also applicable in the field as a quality control test.  
5.2 The difference between the slump flow and J-Ring flow is an indication of the passing ability of the concrete. A difference less than 25 mm [1 in.] indicates good passing ability and a difference greater than 50 mm [2 in.] indicates poor passing ability. The orientation of the mold for the J-Ring test and for the slump flow test without the J-Ring shall be the same.  
5.3 This test method is limited to self-consolidating concrete with nominal maximum size of aggregate of up to 25 mm [1 in.].
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the passing ability of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) by using the J-Ring in combination with a mold.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C173/C173M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method covers the determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete. It measures the air contained in the mortar fraction of the concrete, but is not affected by air that may be present inside porous aggregate particles.  
4.1.1 Therefore, this is the appropriate test to determine the air content of concretes containing lightweight aggregates, air-cooled slag, and highly porous or vesicular natural aggregates.  
4.2 This test method requires the addition of sufficient isopropyl alcohol, when the meter is initially being filled with water, so that after the first or subsequent rollings little or no foam collects in the neck of the top section of the meter. If more foam is present than that equivalent to 2 % air above the water level, the test is declared invalid and must be repeated using a larger quantity of alcohol. Addition of alcohol to dispel foam any time after the initial filling of the meter to the zero mark is not permitted.  
4.3 The air content of hardened concrete may be either higher or lower than that determined by this test method. This depends upon the methods and amounts of consolidation effort applied to the concrete from which the hardened concrete specimen is taken; uniformity and stability of the air bubbles in the fresh and hardened concrete; accuracy of the microscopic examination, if used; time of comparison; environmental exposure; stage in the delivery, placement and consolidation processes at which the air content of the unhardened concrete is determined, that is, before or after the concrete goes through a pump; and other factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the air content of freshly mixed concrete containing any type of aggregate, whether it be dense, cellular, or lightweight.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C138/C138M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of Concrete

ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the density of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the unit weight, yield or relative yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials. The test method shall use the following apparatuses: balance or scale; tamping rod, which is a round straight steel rod having the tamping end rounded to a hemispherical tip; internal vibrator which may have rigid of flexible shafts, preferably powered by electric motors; measure, which is a cylindrical container made of steel or other suitable metal specified herein; strike-off plate; mallet; and scoop of a size large enough so each amount of concrete obtained from the sampling receptacle is representative and small enough so it is not spilled during placement in the measure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the density (see Note 1) of freshly mixed concrete and gives formulas for calculating the yield, cement content, and air content of the concrete. Yield is defined as the volume of concrete produced from a mixture of known quantities of the component materials.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
Note 1: Unit weight was the previous terminology used to describe the property determined by this test method, which is mass per unit volume.  
1.3 The text of this test method refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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