ASTM D2700-03a

Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel

SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number except that this test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components that are primarily oxygenates.² The sample fuel is tested in a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable compression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane number.
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120 octane number, but this test method has a working range from 40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90 Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels produced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102 Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various levels throughout the Motor octane number range.
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for this equipment.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific hazard statements, see Section 8, 13.4.1, 14.5.1, 15.6.1, Annex A1, A2.3.9, A2.4.8, A3.2.7.2(7), A4.2.3.1, A4.2.3.3(6) and (9), A4.3.5, X2.3.7, X3.2.3.1, X3.3.4.1, X3.3.9.3, X3.3.12.4, and X3.5.1.8.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Aug-2003
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.01 - Combustion Characteristics

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2700-03 - Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Replaced By: ASTM D2700-03b - Standard Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D4814-23 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6812-04a(2019) - Standard Practice for Ground-Based Octane Rating Procedures for Turbocharged/Supercharged Spark Ignition Aircraft Engines
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7547-23 - Standard Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7960-21 - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Non-hydrocarbon Components
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6424-04a(2019) - Standard Practice for Octane Rating Naturally Aspirated Spark Ignition Aircraft Engines
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8275-22 - Standard Specification for Gasoline-like Test Fuel for Compression-Ignition Engines
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D2699-23 - Standard Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8340-22 - Standard Practice for Performance-Based Qualification of Spectroscopic Analyzer Systems
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8291-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D1094-07(2019) - Standard Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8434-21 - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Organo-metallic Additive
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D6709-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test Engine)
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D7826-23a - Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives
• Effective Date: 10-Aug-2003

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 2700 – 03a
Designation: 236/87
Standard Test Method for
1
Motor Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2700; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative
hazard statements, see Section 8, 13.4.1, 14.5.1, 15.6.1, Annex
determination of the knock rating of liquid spark-ignition
A1, A2.3.9, A2.4.8, A3.2.7.2(7), A4.2.3.1, A4.2.3.3(6) and (9),
engine fuel in terms of Motor octane number except that this
A4.3.5, X2.3.7, X3.2.3.1, X3.3.4.1, X3.3.9.3, X3.3.12.4, and
test method may not be applicable to fuel and fuel components
2 X3.5.1.8.
that are primarily oxygenates. The sample fuel is tested in a
standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, variable com-
2. Referenced Documents
pression ratio, carbureted, CFR engine run in accordance with
2.1 ASTM Standards:
a defined set of operating conditions. The octane number scale
3
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
is defined by the volumetric composition of primary reference
D 1744 Test Method for Water in Liquid Petroleum Prod-
fuel blends. The sample fuel knock intensity is compared to
4
ucts by Karl Fischer Reagent
that of one or more primary reference fuel blends. The octane
D 2268 Test Method for Analysis of High-Purity n-Heptane
number of the primary reference fuel blend that matches the
5
and Isooctane by Capillary Gas Chromatography
knock intensity of the sample fuel establishes the Motor octane
D 2360 Test Method for Trace Impurities in Monocyclic
number.
6
Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography
1.2 The octane number scale covers the range from 0 to 120
D 2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark
octane number, but this test method has a working range from
7
Ignition Engine Fuel
40 to 120 octane number. Typical commercial fuels produced
D 2885 Test Method for Determination of Octane Number
for automotive spark-ignition engines rate in the 80 to 90
of Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels by On-Line Direct Com-
Motor octane number range. Typical commercial fuels pro-
7
parison Technique
duced for aviation spark-ignition engines rate in the 98 to 102
D 3703 Test Method for Peroxide Number of Aviation
Motor octane number range. Testing of gasoline blend stocks
8
Turbine Fuels
or other process stream materials can produce ratings at various
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
levels throughout the Motor octane number range.
8
Petroleum Products
1.3 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units
D 4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the
8
Products, and Lubricants
historical inch-pounds units. The standardized CFR engine
D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
measurements continue to be in inch-pound units only because
8
Petroleum Products
of the extensive and expensive tooling that has been created for
D 4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine
this equipment.
8
Fuel
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
9
Volatility Measurements
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
4
D02.01 on Combustion Characteristics. Discontinued. See 1999 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
5
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2003. Published September 2003. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
6
approved in 1968. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 2700–03. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
2 7
Research octane number, determined using Test Method D 2699, is a compan- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.05.
8
ion method to provide a similar but typically higher octane rating under milder Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
9
operating conditions. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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D 2700 – 03a
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