ASTM D889-23

Standard Test Method for Volatile Oil in Rosin

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Rosin and similar materials such as rosin derivatives often contain volatile material derived from the raw material used or formed as a result of the processing of the rosin. This volatile material can have a significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the rosin and so a standard method for its determination is required.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volatile oil content of rosin or similar material. The oil may consist of naturally occurring terpene oil, such as heavy fractions of turpentine, resulting from incomplete distillation in the processing of the rosin, or of foreign nonterpene oil resulting from incomplete removal of mineral or coal-tar solvent used to extract the rosin from wood or still wastes. In certain cases the volatile oil could consist of decarboxylated rosin formed during the processing of the rosin.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jan-2023
• ICS: 87.060.20 - Binders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.34 - Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D233-13 - Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2013
• Refers: ASTM E1-13 - Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM D233-12 - Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2012
• Refers: ASTM D233-08 - Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2008
• Refers: ASTM E1-07 - Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Refers: ASTM E1-05 - Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Refers: ASTM E1-03a - Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2003
• Refers: ASTM E1-03 - Standard Specification for ASTM Thermometers
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Refers: ASTM D233-02 - Standard Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine
• Effective Date: 10-May-2002
• Refers: ASTM E1-01 - Standard Specification for ASTM Thermometers
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Refers: ASTM E1-98e1 - Standard Specification for ASTM Thermometers
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Refers: ASTM E1-98 - Standard Specification for ASTM Thermometers
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001

Overview

ASTM D889-23: Standard Test Method for Volatile Oil in Rosin establishes a reliable and systematic procedure for measuring the volatile oil content in rosin and related materials. Rosin and its derivatives, widely used in adhesives, inks, varnishes, and coatings, can contain volatile substances either naturally present or introduced during manufacturing and extraction. Accurately determining the amount of volatile oil is essential, as these components can significantly influence the physical and chemical properties of the final product. Developed and maintained by ASTM International, this standard ensures global consistency and quality control in the analysis of volatile oil content in rosin.

Key Topics

• Scope: Applies to the determination of volatile oil in rosin and similar materials, including both naturally occurring terpenes (such as heavy turpentine fractions) and foreign nonterpene oils from extraction solvents.
• Significance: Highlights the potential influence of volatile oils on the physical and chemical behavior of rosin, underscoring the need for precise quantification.
• Apparatus: Specifies the use of specialized equipment, such as a 500 mL round-bottom flask, a modified Clevenger-type trap, a condenser, heat source, and precise thermometry.
• Procedure: Involves distillation of a rosin sample with a glycerin-water solution, controlled heating, collection of volatile oils using specialized glassware, and accurate volume measurement.
• Reporting: Provides guidance on interpreting results, including acceptable limits for volatile oil content in properly processed rosin.
• Safety and Compliance: Emphasizes the user's responsibility for adhering to safety practices and regulatory guidelines during test execution.

Applications

The test method outlined in ASTM D889-23 is critical for:

• Quality Control: Ensuring that rosin used in adhesives, varnishes, sealants, and inks meets specified volatility limits, thereby guaranteeing optimal performance and stability.
• Raw Material Assessment: Testing rosin purity for manufacturers sourcing gum, wood, or tall oil rosin, to detect remnants of turpentine, extraction solvents, and byproducts of incomplete or improper distillation.
• Compliance Verification: Supporting regulatory and contractual obligations for chemical content, especially in sectors where solvent residues or excess terpenes could pose safety, storage, or performance concerns.
• Research and Development: Providing data for process optimization, whether by improving extraction methods or developing new derivatives with reduced volatile content.

The accurate determination of volatile oil content is particularly valuable for industries involved in the formulation of paints, coatings, and high-performance adhesives, where even minor variance can affect adhesion, drying, or long-term durability.

Related Standards

• ASTM D233 - Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine: Relevant for identifying and characterizing volatile terpene fractions and polymerization tests of recovered oils.
• ASTM E1 - Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers: Specifies temperature measurement requirements for accuracy and repeatability in the test method.
• ASTM D115 - Test Methods for Viscosity of Rosin Solutions (related to characterizing physical properties of rosin).

For more information and updates, refer to the ASTM International website at www.astm.org.

Keywords: ASTM D889-23, volatile oil in rosin, rosin test method, terpene analysis, solvent residue, rosin quality control, pine chemicals, adhesive raw materials, paint resin standards

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D889 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Volatile Oil in Rosin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D889; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope used or formed as a result of the processing of the rosin. This
volatile material can have a significant effect on the physical
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volatile
and chemical properties of the rosin and so a standard method
oil content of rosin or similar material. The oil may consist of
for its determination is required.
naturally occurring terpene oil, such as heavy fractions of
turpentine, resulting from incomplete distillation in the pro-
4. Apparatus
cessing of the rosin, or of foreign nonterpene oil resulting from
4.1 Flask, 500 mL round-bottom having a thermometer well
incomplete removal of mineral or coal-tar solvent used to
and a 24/40 standard-taper ground joint for connection with the
extract the rosin from wood or still wastes. In certain cases the
trap (see Fig. 1).
volatile oil could consist of decarboxylated rosin formed
4.2 Trap (Fig. 2), designed so as to overcome the tendency
during the processing of the rosin.
for droplets of oil to remain below the surface of the water, due
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
to the greater viscosity of the volatile oils recovered from rosin,
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
and thus be returned to the flask (Note 1). The trap shall be
standard.
fitted with 24/40 standard-taper ground joints to provide tight
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
connections with the flask and condenser, in order to avoid
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
vapor loss.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 1—This trap is a modification of the original Clevenger trap used
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
to recover oils lighter than water. In that trap the oil and water condensate
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
drop directly into the graduated part of the trap. Due to the viscous
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- character, density, and surface tension of the oils recovered from rosin,
cylindrical columns of oil were formed below the surface of the water in
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the graduated section of the trap, which were not penetrated by the water
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
condensed immediately thereafter. This resulted in alternate columns of oil
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and water in the graduated section. These were returned to the distilling
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
flask in the same order as they occurred, through the side arm of the trap.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. As this condition continued indefinitely, it was impossible to completely
remove all the oil from the rosin. By raising the opening of the side arm
of the trap to the position shown, to bring the surface of the liquid into the
2. Referenced Documents
wide part of the trap above the narrow graduated section, the oil is
2.1 ASTM Standards: collected in a thinner film that can be penetrated readily by the droplets of
water falling from the end of the condenser, and only the water is thus
D233 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine
collected in the narrow graduated section. At the end of the test, the oil is
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
slowly brought down into the graduated section and its volume read. The
system or apparatus loss amounts to not more than 0.1 mL of oil.
3. Significance and Use
4.3 Condenser, straight-tube, 300 mm, water-jacketed reflux
3.1 Rosin and similar materials such as rosin derivatives
type, with a 24/40 standard-taper ground joint for connection
often contain volatile material derived from the raw material
with the trap.
4.4 Heat Source—An oil bath containing high-temperature-
1 resistant oil, or an electric heater of the mantle type in which
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of the heating elements are encased in a glass cloth mantle of such
Subcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins.
shape as to partially or completely surround the flask being
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2023. Published March 2023. Originally
heated.
approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D889 – 13 (2017).
DOI: 10.
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D889 − 13 (Reapproved 2017) D889 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Volatile Oil in Rosin
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D889; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volatile oil content of rosin or similar material. The oil may consist of
naturally occurring terpene oil, such as heavy fractions of turpentine, resulting from incomplete distillation in the processing of
the rosin, or of foreign nonterpene oil resulting from incomplete removal of mineral or coal-tar solvent used to extract the rosin
from wood or still wastes. In certain cases the volatile oil could consist of decarboxylated rosin formed during the processing of
the rosin.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D233 Test Methods of Sampling and Testing Turpentine
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Rosin and similar materials such as rosin derivatives often contain volatile material derived from the raw material used or
formed as a result of the processing of the rosin. This volatile material can have a significant effect on the physical and chemical
properties of the rosin and so a standard method for its determination is required.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Flask, 500-mL500 mL round-bottom having a thermometer well and a 24/40 standard-taper ground joint for connection with
the trap (see Fig. 1).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017Feb. 1, 2023. Published December 2017March 2023. Originally approved in 1946. Last previous edition approved in 20132017 as
D889 – 13.D889 – 13 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/D0889-13R17.10.1520/D0889-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D889 − 23
FIG. 1 Flask
4.2 Trap (Fig. 2), designed so as to overcome the tendency for droplets of oil to remain below the surface of the water, due to
the greater viscosity of the volatile oils recovered from rosin, and thus be returned to the flask (Note 1). The trap shall be fitted
with 24/40 standard-taper ground joints to provide tight connections with the flask and condenser, in order to avoid vapor loss.
NOTE 1—This trap is a modification of the original Clevenger trap used to recover oils lighter than water. In that trap the oil and water condensate drop
directly into the graduated part of the trap. Due to the viscous character, density, and surface tension of the oils recovered from rosin, cylindrical columns
of oil were formed below the surface of the water in the graduated section of the trap, which were not penetrated by the water condensed immediately
thereafter. This resulted in alternate columns of oil and water in the graduated section. These were returned to the distilling flask in the same order as
FIG. 2 Trap
D889 − 23
they occurred, through the side arm of the trap. As this condition continued indefinitely, it was impossible to completely remove all the oil from the rosin.
By raising the opening of the side arm of the trap to the position shown, to bring the surface of the liquid into the wide part of the trap above the narrow
graduated section, the oil is collected in a thinner film that can be penetrated readily by the droplets of water falling from the end of the condenser, and
only the water is thus collected in the narrow graduated section. At the end of the test, the oil is slowly brought down into the graduated section and its
volume read. The system or apparatus loss
...