ASTM F436/F436M-18a
(Specification)Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
Standard Specification for Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of M12 through M100. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. The types of washers covered here are: Type 1—washers made of carbon steel; and Type 3—washers made of weathering steel. Moreover, the styles of washers covered here are: circular washers, which are suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits; beveled washers, which are square and rectangular with a beveled 1:6 surface for use with American Standard beams and channels; and clipped washers, which are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped. Steels to be used to manufacture the washers shall be produced by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. Each type and style of washer shall be suitably sampled, and should conform to specified values of chemical composition, Rockwell hardness, inside and outside diameter, thickness, and clipped width.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of 1/4 through 4 in. and M12 through M100. These washers are intended for general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. These washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A354, A449, A563, A563M, F959/F959M, and F3125.
1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the material, by style denoting the shape, and by inch or metric dimensions.
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
1.2.1.1 Type 1—Carbon steel.
1.2.1.2 Type 3—Weathering steel.
1.2.1.3 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 to chemical composition or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or higher at the suppliers option.
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
1.2.2.1 Circular—Circular washers in nominal sizes 1/4 through 4 in. and M12 through M100 suitable for applications where sufficient space exists and angularity permits.
1.2.2.2 Beveled—Beveled washers are square or rectangular, in nominal sizes 1/2 through 11/2 in., M12 through M16, with a beveled 1 to 6 ratio surface for use with American standard beams and channels.
1.2.2.3 Clipped—Clipped washers are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped.
1.2.2.4 Extra Thick—Extra thick washers are circular washers in nominal sizes 1/2 through 4 in., with a nominal thickness of 5/16 in. suitable for structural applications with oversized holes.
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units for inch fasteners and SI units for metric fasteners and are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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Designation:F436/F436M −18a
Standard Specification for
1
Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F436/F436M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units for inch
fasteners and SI units for metric fasteners and are to be
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and
regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system
1
with fasteners having nominal thread diameters of ⁄4 through 4
shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
in. and M12 through M100. These washers are intended for
from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the
general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts,
standard.
studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
These washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Specifications A354, A449, A563, A563M, F959/F959M, and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
F3125.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
material, by style denoting the shape, and by inch or metric
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dimensions.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1.2.1.1 Type 1—Carbon steel.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2.1.2 Type 3—Weathering steel.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.2.1.3 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
chemical composition or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or
higher at the suppliers option.
2. Referenced Documents
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
2
1
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2.2.1 Circular—Circular washers in nominal sizes ⁄4
A354 Specification for Quenched and TemperedAlloy Steel
through 4 in. and M12 through M100 suitable for applications
Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
where sufficient space exists and angularity permits.
A449 Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs,
1.2.2.2 Beveled—Beveled washers are square or
1 1
Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile
rectangular, in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 1 ⁄2 in., M12 through
Strength, General Use
M16, with a beveled 1 to 6 ratio surface for use withAmerican
A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
standard beams and channels.
A563M Specification for Carbon andAlloy Steel Nuts (Met-
1.2.2.3 Clipped—Clipped washers are circular or beveled
ric)
for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be
A588/A588M Specification for High-Strength Low-Alloy
clipped.
Structural Steel, up to 50 ksi [345 MPa] Minimum Yield
1.2.2.4 Extra Thick—Extra thick washers are circular wash-
1
Point, with Atmospheric Corrosion Resistance
ers in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 4 in., with a nominal thickness
5
A751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-
of ⁄16 in. suitable for structural applications with oversized
cal Analysis of Steel Products
holes.
A1059 Specification for ZincAlloy Thermo-Diffusion Coat-
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Termi-
ings (TDC) on Steel Fasteners, Hardware, and Other
nology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
Products
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on
Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts,
2
Nuts, Rivets and Washers. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F436/F436M – 18. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/F0436_F0436M-18A the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F436/F436M − 18 F436/F436M − 18a
Standard Specification for
1
Hardened Steel Washers Inch and Metric Dimensions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F436/F436M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers the chemical, mechanical, and dimensional requirements for hardened steel washers for use with
1
fasteners having nominal thread diameters of ⁄4 through 4 in. and M12 through M100. These washers are intended for
general-purpose mechanical and structural use with bolts, nuts, studs, and other internally and externally threaded fasteners. These
washers are suitable for use with fasteners covered in Specifications A354, A449, A563, A563M, F959/F959M, and F3125.
1.2 The washers are designated by type denoting the material, by style denoting the shape, and by inch or metric dimensions.
1.2.1 The types of washers covered are:
1.2.1.1 Type 1—Carbon steel.
1.2.1.2 Type 3—Weathering steel.
1.2.1.3 This specification provides for furnishing Type 3 to chemical composition or a Corrosion Index (CRI) of 6 or higher at
the suppliers option.
1.2.2 The styles of washers covered are:
1
1.2.2.1 Circular—Circular washers in nominal bolt sizes ⁄4 through 4 in. and M12 through M100 suitable for applications where
sufficient space exists and angularity permits.
1 1
1.2.2.2 Beveled—Beveled washers are square or rectangular, in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 1 ⁄2 in., M12 through M16, with a
beveled 1 to 6 ratio surface for use with American standard beams and channels.
1.2.2.3 Clipped—Clipped washers are circular or beveled for use where space limitations necessitate that one side be clipped.
1
1.2.2.4 Extra Thick—Extra thick washers are circular washers in nominal sizes ⁄2 through 4 in., with a nominal thickness of
5
⁄16 in. suitable for structural applications with oversized holes.
1.3 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound units for inch fasteners and SI units for metric fasteners and are to be regarded
separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used
independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A354 Specification for Quenched and Tempered Alloy Steel Bolts, Studs, and Other Externally Threaded Fasteners
A449 Specification for Hex Cap Screws, Bolts and Studs, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105/90 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength,
General Use
A563 Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F16 on Fasteners and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.02 on Steel Bolts, Nuts, Rivets
and Washers.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018Sept. 1, 2018. Published August 2018September 2018. Originally approved in 1976. Last previous edition approved in 20162018
as F436/F436M – 16.F436/F436M – 18. DOI: 10.1520/F0436_F0436M-1810.1520/F0436_F0436M-18A
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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F436/F436M − 18a
A563
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