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ASTM D2163-23

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas Chromatography

Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The hydrocarbon component distribution of liquefied petroleum gases and propene mixtures is often required for end-use sale of this material. Applications such as chemical feed stocks or fuel require precise compositional data to ensure uniform quality. Trace amounts of some hydrocarbon impurities in these materials can have adverse effects on their use and processing.  
5.2 The component distribution data of liquefied petroleum gases and propene mixtures can be used to calculate physical properties such as relative density, vapor pressure, and motor octane (see Practice D2598). Precision and accuracy of compositional data are extremely important when these data are used to calculate various properties of these petroleum products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of individual hydrocarbons in liquefied petroleum (LP) gases and mixtures of propane and propene, excluding high-purity propene in the range of C1 to C5. Component concentrations are determined in the range of 0.01 % to 100 % by volume.  
1.2 This test method does not fully determine hydrocarbons heavier than C5 and non-hydrocarbon materials, and additional tests may be necessary to fully characterize an LPG sample.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities. The eLearning training course “Liquefied Petroleum Gases Sampling Safety” is available on the ASTM.org website.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2023
ICS
75.160.30 - Gaseous fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.D0.03 - Propylene
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D2163-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas ChromatographyASTM D2163-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas Chromatography
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REDLINE ASTM D2163-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas ChromatographyREDLINE ASTM D2163-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas Chromatography
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2163 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP)
Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas
1
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2163; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP)
Gases, Manual Method
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
of individual hydrocarbons in liquefied petroleum (LP) gases
D2421 Practice for Interconversion of Analysis of C and
5
and mixtures of propane and propene, excluding high-purity
Lighter Hydrocarbons to Gas-Volume, Liquid-Volume, or
propene in the range of C to C . Component concentrations
1 5
Mass Basis
are determined in the range of 0.01 % to 100 % by volume.
D2598 Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Proper-
1.2 This test method does not fully determine hydrocarbons
ties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Composi-
heavier than C and non-hydrocarbon materials, and additional
5
tional Analysis
tests may be necessary to fully characterize an LPG sample.
D3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Float-
ing Piston Cylinder
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information D6729 Test Method for Determination of Individual Com-
ponents in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100 Metre
only.
Capillary High Resolution Gas Chromatography
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relation-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
ships
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular
1.4.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for
Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
the safe operation of this test method procedure and related
3
2.2 Canadian General Standards Board Publications:
activities. The eLearning training course “Liquefied Petroleum
CAN/CGSB 3.0 No. 14.3 Standard Test Method for the
Gases Sampling Safety” is available on the ASTM.org website.
Identification of Hydrocarbon Components in Automotive
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Gasoline Using Gas Chromatography
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4
2.3 Gas Processors Association:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
GPA Std 2145-03 for Hexane
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3. Terminology
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Additional terminology related to the practice of gas
2. Referenced Documents
2 chromatography can be found in Practice E355.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.2 liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), n—hydrocarbon gases
that can be stored or handled in the liquid phase through
1
compression or refrigeration, or both.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
3.1.2.1 Discussion—LPGs generally consist of C and C
3 4
Subcommittee D02.D0.03 on Propylene.
alkanes and alkenes or mixtures thereof and containing less
Current edition approved March 1, 2023. Published March 2023. Originally
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D2163 – 14 (2019).
DOI: 10.1520/D2163-23.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from CGSB, Canadian General Standards Board, Gatineau, Canada
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM K1A 1G6. Visit the CGSB website, www.pwgsc.gc.ca/cgsb/
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from Gas Processors Association (GPA), 6526 E. 60th St., Tulsa, OK
the ASTM website. 74145, http://www.gasprocessors.com.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2163 − 23
than 10 % by volume of higher carbon number material. Vapor positional data are extremely important when these data are
pres
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D2163 − 14 (Reapproved 2019) D2163 − 23
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP)
Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures by Gas
1
Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2163; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of individual hydrocarbons in liquefied petroleum (LP) gases and
mixtures of propane and propene, excluding high-purity propene in the range of C to C . Component concentrations are
1 5
determined in the range of 0.01 to 100 percent 0.01 % to 100 % by volume.
1.2 This test method does not fully determine hydrocarbons heavier than C and non-hydrocarbon materials, and additional tests
5
may be necessary to fully characterize an LPG sample.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of
the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4.1 The user is advised to obtain LPG safety training for the safe operation of this test method procedure and related activities.
The eLearning training course “Liquefied Petroleum Gases Sampling Safety” is available on the ASTM.org website.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual Method
D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases
D2421 Practice for Interconversion of Analysis of C and Lighter Hydrocarbons to Gas-Volume, Liquid-Volume, or Mass Basis
5
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.D0.03 on Propylene.
Current edition approved May 1, 2019March 1, 2023. Published June 2019March 2023. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 20142019 as
ɛ1
D2163 – 14 (2019). . DOI: 10.1520/D2163-14R19.10.1520/D2163-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2163 − 23
D2598 Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis
D3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Floating Piston Cylinder
D6729 Test Method for Determination of Individual Components in Spark Ignition Engine Fuels by 100 Metre Capillary High
Resolution Gas Chromatography
E355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Relationships
E594 Practice for Testing Flame Ionization Detectors Used in Gas or Supercritical Fluid Chromatography
E1510 Practice for Installing Fused Silica Open Tubular Capillary Columns in Gas Chromatographs
3
2.2 Canadian General Standards Board Publications:
CAN/CGSB 3.0 No. 14.3 Standard Test Method for the Identification of Hydrocarbon Components in Automotive Gasoline
Using Gas Chromatography
4
2.3 Gas Processors Association:
GPA Std 2145-03 for Hexane
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 Additional terminology related to the practice of gas chromatography can be found in
...

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ASTM D1265-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Samples of liquefied petroleum gases are examined by various test methods to determine physical and chemical characteristics and conformance with specifications.  
5.2 Equipment described by this practice may be suitable for transportation of LPG samples, subject to applicable transportation regulations.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers equipment and procedures for obtaining a representative sample of specification Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), such as specified in Specification D1835, GPA 2140, and comparable international standards. This standard is applicable to flow-through cylinders with two valves and is not applicable to single valve cylinders or larger LPG sample containers such as those utilized for barbecue grills and/or forklift cylinders.  
1.2 This practice is suitable for obtaining representative samples for all routine tests for LP gases required by Specification D1835. In the event of a dispute involving sample integrity when sampling for testing against Specification D1835 requirements, Practice D3700 shall be used as the referee sampling procedure.  
1.3 This practice may also be used for other Natural Gas Liquid (NGL) products that are normally highly volatile, single phase materials (NGL mix, natural gasoline, field butane, etc.), defined in other industry specifications or contractual agreements, where use of open sample containers would risk the loss of volatile components. It is not intended for non-specification products that contain significant quantities of undissolved gases (N2, CO2), free water or other separated phases, such as raw or unprocessed gas/liquids mixtures and related materials. The same equipment can be used for these purposes, but additional precautions are generally needed to obtain representative samples of multiphase products (see Appendix X1 on Sampling Guidelines in Practice D3700).
Note 1: Practice D3700 describes a recommended practice for obtaining a representative sample of a light hydrocarbon fluid and the subsequent preparation of that sample for laboratory analysis when dissolved gases are present. Use of Practice D1265 will result in a small but predictable low bias for dissolved gases due to the liquid venting procedure to establish the 20 % minimum ullage.  
1.4 This practice includes recommendations for the location of a sample point in a line or vessel. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the sampling point is located so as to obtain a representative sample.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.5.1 Exception—Non-SI units are shown in parentheses for information only.  
1.6  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D5305-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Ethyl Mercaptan in LP-Gas Vapor

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 LP-gas is colorless and odorless, and not detectable by normal human senses. To provide an olfactory warning in the event of a leak, LP-gas intended for domestic or commercial fuel use is intentionally odorized so as to be readily detectable well below flammable or suffocating concentration levels of LP-gas in air. (See Appendix X1 for important explanations.) The most common odorant for LP-gas is ethyl mercaptan. The field use of this test method will rapidly determine the presence and concentration of ethyl mercaptan in LP-gas vapor without the necessity for complex laboratory equipment.
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1.1 This test method describes a rapid and simple procedure using length-of-stain tubes for field measurement of ethyl mercaptan in the vapor phase of LP-gas systems. Although length-of-stain tubes are available to detect ethyl mercaptan concentrations in the range of 0.5 to 120 parts per million by volume, this test method is specifically applicable to systems containing 5 ppm by volume or more of ethyl mercaptan in LP-gas vapors.  
Note 1: A chromatographic technique can be used for more precise, quantitative determination of ethyl mercaptan in LP-gas.  
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ASTM D1267-23(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Information on the vapor pressures of liquefied petroleum gas products under temperature conditions from 37.8 °C to 70 °C (100 °F to 158 °F) is pertinent to selection of properly designed storage vessels, shipping containers, and customer utilization equipment to ensure safe handling of these products.  
5.2 Determination of the vapor pressure of liquefied petroleum gas is important for safety reasons to ensure that the maximum operating design pressures of storage, handling, and fuel systems will not be exceeded under normal operating temperature conditions.  
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ASTM D2384-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Traces of Volatile Chlorides in Butane-Butene Mixtures

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4.1 These test methods are used to determine trace amounts of volatile chlorides in butane-butene mixtures. Such information is valuable in cases where chloride is deleterious in the use of this product; also, chloride contributes to corrosion problems in processing units in instances where further processing of this material is involved.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the total volatile organic chlorides in concentrations from 10 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg in butane-butene mixtures. The amperometric finish is not directly applicable in the presence of other substances that combine with silver ion or oxidize chloride ion in dilute acid solution. Bromides, sulfides, ammonia, tobacco smoke, and more than 25 μg of hydrogen peroxide in the test solution interfere in the spectrophotometric procedure.  
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ASTM D2163-23e1(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The hydrocarbon component distribution of liquefied petroleum gases and propene mixtures is often required for end-use sale of this material. Applications such as chemical feed stocks or fuel require precise compositional data to ensure uniform quality. Trace amounts of some hydrocarbon impurities in these materials can have adverse effects on their use and processing.  
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1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of individual hydrocarbons in liquefied petroleum (LP) gases and mixtures of propane and propene, excluding high-purity propene in the range of C1 to C5. Component concentrations are determined in the range of 0.01 % to 100 % by volume.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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ASTM D1835-22(Specification)
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers liquefied petroleum gases consisting of propane, propene (propylene), butane, and mixtures of these materials. The products are intended for use as domestic, commercial and industrial heating, and engine fuels. Care must be taken to in sampling of the liquefied gases for test results to be significant. All four types of liquefied petroleum gases covered by this specification should conform to the specified requirements for vapor pressure, volatile residue, residue matter, relative density, and corrosion.
SCOPE
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ASTM D2158-21(Test Method)
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5.1 Control over the residue content (required by Specification D1835) is of considerable importance in end-use applications of LPG. In liquid feed systems, residues can lead to troublesome deposits and, in vapor withdrawal systems, residues that are carried over can foul regulating equipment. Residues that remain in vapor-withdrawal systems will accumulate, can be corrosive, and will contaminate subsequent product. Water, particularly if alkaline, can cause failure of regulating equipment and corrosion of metals.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of extraneous materials weathering above 38 °C that are present in liquefied petroleum gases. The extraneous materials will generally be dissolved in the LPG, but may have phase-separated in some instances.  
1.2 Liquefied petroleum gases that contain certain anti-icing additives can give erroneous results by this test method.  
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ASTM D2598-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Vapor pressure is an important specification property of commercial propane, special duty propane, propane/butane mixtures, and commercial butane that assures adequate vaporization, safety, and compatibility with commercial appliances. Relative density, while not a specification criterion, is necessary for determination of filling densities and custody transfer. The motor octane number (MON) is useful in determining the products' suitability as a fuel for internal combustion engines.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers, by compositional analysis, the approximate determination of the following physical characteristics of commercial propane, special-duty propane, commercial propane/butane mixtures, and commercial butane (covered by Specification D1835): vapor pressure, relative density, and motor octane number (MON).  
1.1.1 This practice is not applicable to any product exceeding specifications for nonvolatile residues. (See Test Method D2158.)  
1.1.2 For calculating motor octane number, this practice is applicable only to mixtures containing 20 % or less of propene.  
1.1.3 For calculated motor octane number, this practice is based on mixtures containing only components shown in Table 1.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions:  
1.2.1.1 Non-SI units in parentheses are given for information only.
1.2.1.2 Motor octane number and relative density are given in MON numbers and dimensionless units, respectively.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6667-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Total Volatile Sulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Liquefied Petroleum Gases by Ultraviolet Fluorescence

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sulfur content of LPG, used for fuel purposes, contributes to SOx emissions and can lead to corrosion in engine and exhaust systems. Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining can be poisoned by sulfur bearing materials in the feed stocks. This test method can be used to determine sulfur in process feeds, to measure sulfur in finished products, and can also be used for compliance determinations when acceptable to a regulatory authority.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of total volatile sulfur in gaseous hydrocarbons and liquefied petroleum (LP) gases. It is applicable to analysis of natural, processed, and final product materials. Precision has been determined for sulfur in gaseous hydrocarbons in the range of 1 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg and for sulfur in LP gases in the range of 1 mg/kg to 196 mg/kg (Note 1).
Note 1: An estimate of pooled limit of quantification (PLOQ), information regarding sample stability and other general information derived from the interlaboratory studies on precision can be referenced in the ASTM research reports.2,3  
1.2 This test method may not detect sulfur compounds that do not vaporize under the conditions of the test.  
1.3 This test method is applicable for total volatile sulfur determination in LP gases containing less than 0.35 % (mass/mass) halogen(s).  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 3.1 and Sections 6 and 7 for specific warning statements.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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