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ASTM D1907/D1907M-12

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method

Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Test Method D1907 is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, since it has been used extensively in the trade for that purpose.
In case of dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using Test Method D1907 for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories.
Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the determination of such a bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible, and that are from the same lot of the material in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using statistical analysis for unpaired data, and an acceptable probability level chosen by the parties before testing begins. If a bias is found, either its cause must be identified and corrected, or the purchaser and supplier must agree to interpret future test results for that material with consideration to the known bias.
This test method is intended primarily for the determination of the average linear density of yarns. However, the variations identified by the results may also provide useful information. If the coefficient of variation is to be calculated, each skein must be weighed separately, and a larger number of skeins will need to be tested (as compared to the number of skeins to be tested for the determination of the average yarn linear density alone).
This test method includes seven options, depending on whether the yarn is scoured before weighing, weighed in the conditioned or oven-dried state, or whether or not the results obtained are adjusted for commercial moisture regain, or a commercial allowance. Option 1 (unscoured, conditioned yarn) is generally used for yarns spun on the cotton system, while ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear density of all types of yarn in package form, subject to the limitations of size and stretch given in 1.2 and 1.3. Provision is made for expressing yarn linear density in all the traditional yarn numbering systems.
1.2 This test method is applicable to yarns that stretch less than 5 % when tension on the yarn is increased from 0.25 to 0.75 cN/tex [0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex]. By mutual agreement, and use of a lower than specified reeling tension, this method may also be adapted to measure the linear density of yarns that stretch more than 5 %, under the above force.
1.3 This method is applicable to yarns finer than 2000 tex. However, it may be also adapted to coarser yarns by the use of skeins of shorter than specified lengths, and alternate reeling conditions, agreeable to the interested parties.
1.4 Depending on the procedure used to calculate the moisture content of the yarn being tested, and its actual moisture content, or finish content, or both, one or more of the following options may be utilized.
1.4.1 Unscoured Yarn:
Option 1Yarn at equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
Option 2Oven-dried yarn.
Option 3Oven-dried yarn, plus commercial moisture regain.
1.4.2 Scoured Yarn:
Option 4Scoured yarn at equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
Option 5Oven-dried, scoured yarn.
Option 6Oven-dried, scoured yarn, plus commercial moisture regain.
Option 7Oven-dried, scoured yarn, plus commercial allowance (commercial moisture regain, plus an allowance for finish).
1.5 Specimens used to determine yarn linear density may also be used to determine the skein breaking strength of the yarn. Hence, this method provides the sequence of steps to be followed, to determine both these yarn properties.
Note 1—The linear density of yarns produced with jute, or glass, may also be determined by the following approved m...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2012
ICS
59.080.20 - Yarns
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1907-07 - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Replaced By
ASTM D1907/D1907M-12(2018) - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
Effective Date
01-Jul-2018
Referred By
ASTM D8395-23 - Standard Specification for Aramid Fiber for Asphalt Mixtures
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D1577-07(2018) - Standard Test Methods for Linear Density of Textile Fibers
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D8054/D8054M-22 - Standard Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Para-Aramid Flat Yarns
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D578/D578M-23 - Standard Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM F2848-21 - Standard Specification for Medical-Grade Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Yarns
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D8448/D8448M-22 - Standard Specification for Basalt Fiber Strands
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012
Referred By
ASTM D204-02(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Sewing Threads
Effective Date
01-Jul-2012

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1907/D1907M − 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1907/D1907M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope yarn. Hence, this method provides the sequence of steps to be
followed, to determine both these yarn properties.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear
density of all types of yarn in package form, subject to the
NOTE 1—The linear density of yarns produced with jute, or glass, may
also be determined by the following approved methods: Specifications
limitationsofsizeandstretchgivenin1.2and1.3.Provisionis
D541,D578,andD681.Thelineardensityofshortyarnsegments,raveled
made for expressing yarn linear density in all the traditional
from fabrics, may be determined by Test Method D1059.
yarn numbering systems.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
1.2 This test method is applicable to yarns that stretch less
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
than 5% when tension on the yarn is increased from 0.25 to
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
0.75 cN/tex [0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex]. By mutual agreement, and
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
use of a lower than specified reeling tension, this method may
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
also be adapted to measure the linear density of yarns that
with the standard.
stretch more than 5%, under the above force.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.3 This method is applicable to yarns finer than 2000 tex.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
However, it may be also adapted to coarser yarns by the use of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
skeins of shorter than specified lengths, and alternate reeling
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
conditions, agreeable to the interested parties.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 Depending on the procedure used to calculate the
2. Referenced Documents
moisture content of the yarn being tested, and its actual
2
moisture content, or finish content, or both, one or more of the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
following options may be utilized.
D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
3
1.4.1 Unscoured Yarn: Option 1—Yarn at equilibrium with
D541Specification for Single Jute Yarn (Withdrawn 1996)
the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
D578Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
Option 2—Oven-dried yarn.
D681Specification for Jute Rove and Plied Yarn for Elec-
3
Option 3—Oven-dried yarn, plus commercial moisture re-
trical and Packing Purposes (Withdrawn 2000)
gain.
D1059Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-
3
1.4.2 Scoured Yarn: Option 4—Scoured yarn at equilibrium
Length Specimens (Withdrawn 2010)
with the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
D1578Test Method for Breaking Strength of Yarn in Skein
Option 5—Oven-dried, scoured yarn.
Form
Option6—Oven-dried,scouredyarn,pluscommercialmois-
D1909Standard Table of Commercial Moisture Regains for
ture regain.
Textile Fibers
Option 7—Oven-dried, scoured yarn, plus commercial al-
D2257Test Method for Extractable Matter in Textiles
lowance (commercial moisture regain, plus an allowance for
D2258Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
finish).
D2494Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment of
Yarn or Manufactured Staple Fiber or Tow
1.5 Specimens used to determine yarn linear density may
D4849Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
also be used to determine the skein breaking strength of the
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2012. Published August 2012. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1961T. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1907–07. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/D1907_D1907M-12. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1907/D1907M − 12
3. Terminology b
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D1907–07 Designation:D1907/D1907M–12
Standard Test Method for
1
Linear Density of Yarn (Yarn Number) by the Skein Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1907/D1907M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthelineardensityofalltypesofyarninpackageform,subjecttothelimitations
of size and stretch given in 1.2 and 1.3. Provision is made for expressing yarn linear density in all the traditional yarn numbering
systems.
1.2 This test method is applicable to yarns that stretch less than 5 % when tension on the yarn is increased from 0.25 to 0.75
cN/tex (0.25[0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex).gf/tex]. By mutual agreement, and use of a lower than specified reeling tension, this method may
also be adapted to measure the linear density of yarns that stretch more than 5 %, under the above force.
1.3 Thismethodisapplicabletoyarnsfinerthan2000tex.However,itmaybealsoadaptedtocoarseryarnsbytheuseofskeins
of shorter than specified lengths, and alternate reeling conditions, agreeable to the interested parties.
1.4 Depending on the procedure used to calculate the moisture content of the yarn being tested, and its actual moisture content,
or finish content, or both, one or more of the following options may be utilized.
1.4.1 Unscoured Yarn:
Option 1—Yarn at equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
Option 2—Oven-dried yarn.
Option 3—Oven-dried yarn, plus commercial moisture regain.
1.4.2 Scoured Yarn:
Option 4—Scoured yarn at equilibrium with the standard atmosphere for testing textiles.
Option 5—Oven-dried, scoured yarn.
Option 6—Oven-dried, scoured yarn, plus commercial moisture regain.
Option 7—Oven-dried, scoured yarn, plus commercial allowance (commercial moisture regain, plus an allowance for finish).
1.5 Specimens used to determine yarn linear density may also be used to determine the skein breaking strength of the yarn.
Hence, this method provides the sequence of steps to be followed, to determine both these yarn properties.
NOTE 1—The linear density of yarns produced with jute, or glass, may also be determined by the following approved methods: Specifications D541,
D578, and D681. The linear density of short yarn segments, raveled from fabrics, may be determined by Test Method D1059.
1.6The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values shown in parentheses are approximate conversions
to U.S. customary unit equivalents.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D541 Specification for Single Jute Yarn
D578 Specification for Glass Fiber Strands
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
Current edition approved Jan.July 1, 2007.2012. Published February 2007.August 2012. Originally approved in 1961 T. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
D1907 – 017. DOI: 10.1520/D1907-_D1907M-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book ofASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1907/D1907M–12
D681 Specification for Jute Rove and Plied Yarn for Electrical and Packing Purposes
D1059 Test Method for Yarn Number Based on Short-Length Specimens
D1578 Test Method for Breaking Strength o
...

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5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
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1.2 This test method is limited to crimped, multi-filament yarns ranging from 22.0 dtex to 890 dtex (15 denier to 800 denier) and for BCF yarns from 890 dtex to 4200 dtex (800 denier to 3800 denier).  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Inch-pound units in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6612-00(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Yarn Number and Yarn Number Variability Using Automated Tester

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D6612 for yarn number and yarn number variability is satisfactory for acceptance of commercial shipments and is used in the trade.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed by those laboratories to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, samples used for each comparative tests should be as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that results in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. Other fabrics with established tests values are used for this purpose. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before testing begins, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.1.2 The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.  
5.2 Test Method D6612 also is used for the quality control of filament yarns.  
5.3 Indices of Variability:  
5.3.1 Coefficient of Variation—%CV is a standard statistical calculation and is the most common index of yarn unevenness. For most textile applications in the 80 to 330 dtex (70 to 300 denier) range, a 1.0 to 1.3 %CV is adequate. %CV of yarns coarser than 666 dtex (600 denier) is not routine and usually not meaningful. %CV is less discriminating that %DS.  
5.3.2 Bad/Good Test—%BGT...
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of yarn number up to 4000 dtex (3600 denier) and related variability properties of filament and spun yarns using an automated tester with capability for measuring mass variability characteristics.  
1.2 Yarn number variability properties include percent density spread (%DS), coefficient of variation (%CV), density frequency variation.  
Note 1: For determination of yarn number by use of reel and balance, refer to Test Method D1907. For another method of measuring variability (unevenness) in yarn, refer to Test Method D1425.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore to ensure conformance with this standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D1423/D1423M-16(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-Counting

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Test Method D1423 for testing twist in yarns by direct-counting is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum use the samples for such comparative tests as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material that resulted in the disparate test results and randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The determination of twist in a straight section of a yarn is not the simple straightforward operation it appears to be, for the test results may be greatly influenced by variations in test procedures and techniques. In all manipulations, extreme care is necessary to prevent specimen rotation altering the twist level before testing begins.  
5.3 The twist in a yarn before it is packaged may be different from that of the yarn after it has been withdrawn from the package because of changes in tension and the effect of the method of withdrawal. If the yarn is withdrawn over-end, a slight increase or decrease in twist will take place, depending upon the direction of the twist in the yarn, the direction of winding on the package, and the length of the wrap on the package.  
5.4 When a yarn is incorporated into or removed from a more complex structure, alterations may occur as a result of ...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount and direction of twist at the completion of any stage of twisting in single (spun or filament), plied, cabled, or novelty (exclusive of long-term repeat patterns) yarns. The procedures are designed primarily for yarns in packages, but, with special precautions, they are applicable to yarns taken from fabrics. The procedure for spun yarn in 9.2 is also applicable to rovings.  
1.2 For plied yarns, this test method covers the determination of the twist of the plied yarns and the twist of the single yarn before plying. For cabled yarns, the test method covers the determination of the cable or hawser twist; the twist of the plied yarn after plying, but prior to the last twisting operation; and the twist of the single yarn before plying. Procedures are also included for the determination of the twists of the single and plied yarn components as they lie in the final structure. Also, directions are included for the determination of twist in plied yarn made with direct cabling technology.  
1.3 This test method is not intended for yarns that extend more than 5.0 % when tension is increased from 2.5 to 7.5 mN/tex [0.25 to 0.75 gf/tex]. Following the procedures of this test method for such yarns would be independent of the bias and precision determined for this test method. The report from such testing should include the tension used for this testing.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
Note 1: For a more rapid but less accurate method of determining twist in single spun yarns, refer to Test Method D1422.
Note 2: This test method has been evaluated for use in de...

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ASTM D2258/D2258M-16(2022)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Assigning a value to any property of the material in a container or in a lot, consignment, or delivery involves a measurement process that includes both sampling and testing procedures. The correctness of the value assigned depends upon the variability due to testing and sampling plan. Even when the variability due to testing is minimized by carefully developed procedures, correct and consistent estimates of the true value of the property are possible only when the sampling procedure avoids systematic bias, minimizes variations due to sampling, and provides a laboratory sample of adequate size.  
5.2 Practice D2258 may not give the most efficient sampling plan that might be devised in special situations but does present a general procedure that gives satisfactory precision with an economical amount of sampling. Many plans that include stratified sampling can be found in textbooks and through the use of statistical software tools and calculators.  
5.2.1 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define suitable production lots based on one or more of the following: supply lot, production shift/time segment, production equipment or production line, operator, designated shipment, production run, or a combination herein.  
5.2.2 If not specified by the purchaser, the manufacturer will define sampling and testing frequency based on the following: process capability or capability analysis, historical trends, level of detection rate required, confidence level requirements, known variations or special causes, or both. Every attempt to ensure conforming product is being produced, identify potential nonconforming product or proper isolation and identification, will be carried out by the manufacturer.  
5.2.3 Sampling count and number of specimens will be based on standard practice listed within the document. Increase or decrease in count or frequency might be applied based on typical standard deviation, precision and confidence level, Measurement System...
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1.1 This practice describes a procedure for the division of shipments of yarn into test lots and the sampling of such lots for testing.  
1.1.1 This practice can be used for lot sample testing of yarns for both pre-fabric production and post-fabric production.  
1.2 This practice is applicable to single, plied, or cabled yarns, and cords, made of any fiber or mixture of fibers, and supported on any form of package, including beams.  
1.3 This practice also describes procedures for the sampling of yarn(s) removed from woven or knitted fabrics; however, when thus sampled, the yarns are usually not representative of entire shipments, as referred to in 1.1. Consequently, the resultant sampling can only be used to determine the characteristics of the yarn and is usually not used for acceptance testing. Moreover, it should be recognized that the characteristics of yarns from fabrics may be different than the characteristics of the same yarn(s), prior to being entered into the fabric manufacturing process.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical...

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ASTM D3693-02(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Labeled Length per Holder of Sewing Thread

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for the labeled lengths per holder of sewing threads of all materials. The test specimen is a thread holder whether a cone, tube, spool, ready-made bobbin, or any other holders. The observed length for all holders such as home sewing spools, ready-made bobbins, or all other holders which depends on the sampling size shall equal or exceed a certain percentage of the minimum allowable labeled length.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for the labeled lengths of sewing threads of all materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D2731-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elastic Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) is a measure of the tensile force occurring while extending a textile material within specified limits. This characteristic of elastomeric yarn indicates the resistance that will have to be overcome by the wearer while putting on a garment made of the material and is also an indication of the garment's resistance to deformation caused by normal body movements during wear. The elongations used for these measurements are typically 100 %, 200 % and 300 %.  
5.3 Permanent Deformation (set) is a measure of the increase in length of an elastomeric yarn resulting from cyclic stretching and relaxation. The characteristic is a visible indication of the realignment of intermolecular bonds within the elastic material. As with stress decay, the amount of set increases with yarn extension; however, for any particular extension, little or no additional set takes place after...
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic properties of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from rubber, spandex or other elastomers. Elastic properties include force at specified elongations, permanent deformation and stress decay. Other hysteresis related properties can be calculated.
Note 1: For a method designed specifically for testing rubber threads, refer to Test Method D2433.  
1.2 This test method is not applicable to covered, wrapped, or core-spun yarns or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns having a range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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