ASTM D6241-14

Standard Test Method for Static Puncture Strength of Geotextiles and Geotextile-Related Products Using a 50-mm Probe

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for determining the puncture strength of geotextiles is to be used by the industry as an index of puncture strength. The use of this test method is to establish an index value by providing standard criteria and a basis for uniform reporting.  
5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geotextiles.  
5.3 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of the type in question. The test specimens then should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.  
5.4 This test method is not applicable to materials that are manufactured in sizes that are too small to be placed into the test apparatus in accordance with the procedures in this test method. Furthermore, it is not appropriate to separate plies of a geosynthetic or geocomposite for use in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is an index test used to measure the force required to puncture a geotextile and geotextile-related products. The relatively large size of the plunger provides a multidirectional force on the geotextile.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2014
• ICS: 59.080.70 - Geotextiles
• Technical Committee: D35 - Geosynthetics
• Drafting Committee: D35.01 - Mechanical Properties

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6241 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Static Puncture Strength of Geotextiles and Geotextile-
Related Products Using a 50-mm Probe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6241; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope of other terms relating to geosynthetics used in this test
method, refer to Terminology D4439.
1.1 This test method is an index test used to measure the
force required to puncture a geotextile and geotextile-related 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
products. The relatively large size of the plunger provides a 3.2.1 atmoshere for testing geotextiles, n—air maintained at
multidirectional force on the geotextile. a relative humidity of 50 to 70 % and a temperature of 21 6
2°C (70 6 4°F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2.2 geotextile, n—a permeable geosynthetic composed
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
solely of textiles.
only.
3.2.3 puncture resistance, n—the inherent resisting mecha-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
nism of the test specimen to the failure by a penetrating or
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
puncturing object.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4. Summary of Test Method
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 A test specimen is clamped without tension between
2. Referenced Documents
circular plates and secured in a tensile or compression testing
2.1 ASTM Standards:
machine, or both. A force is exerted against the center of the
D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for
unsupported portion of the test specimen by a steel plunger
Textiles
attached to the load indicator until rupture occurs. The maxi-
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
mum force is the value of puncture strength.
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D1883 Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of
5. Significance and Use
Laboratory-Compacted Soils
5.1 This test method for determining the puncture strength
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
of geotextiles is to be used by the industry as an index of
Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
puncture strength. The use of this test method is to establish an
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
index value by providing standard criteria and a basis for
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
uniform reporting.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
NOTE 1—Test Method D1883 describes a mold (CBR mold) that can be
tance testing of commercial shipments of geotextiles.
used for this test method.
5.3 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported
3. Terminology
test results when using this test method for acceptance testing
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other textile terms used of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier
in this test method, refer to Terminology D123. For definitions
should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a
statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a
Geosynthetics is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical
minimum, the two parties should take a group of test speci-
Properties
mens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a
Current edition approved July 1, 2014. Published July 2014. Originally approved
ε1
lot of the type in question. The test specimens then should be
in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D6241 – 04(2009) . DOI:
10.1520/D6241-14.
randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
testing.Theaverageresultsfromthetwolaboratoriesshouldbe
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired data and an
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6241 − 14
the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be securing the ring clamp assemblage is suggested to be 11 mm
found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must (7/16 in.) and equally spaced at a diameter of 220 mm (8.7 in.).
agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known The surfaces of these plates can consist of grooves with rubber
bias. O-rings or coarse sandpaper bonded onto opposing surfaces. It
is suggested that 9.5-mm (3/8-in.) bolts be welded to the
5.4 This test method is not applicable to materials that are
bottom plate so that the top plate can be placed over the bolts
manufactured in sizes that are too small to be placed into the
and nuts easily tightened. A guide block may be used to help
test apparatus in accordance with the procedures in this test
seat the material being clamped. Other clamps that eliminate
method. Furthermore, it is not appropriate to separate plies of
slippage are acceptable. See Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
a geosynthetic or geocomposite for use in this test method.
7. Sampling
6. Apparatus
6.1 Testing Machine, must be constant-rate-of extension
7.1 Lot Sample—In the absence of other guidelines, divide
(CRE) type, with autographic recorder conforming to the
the product into lots and take lot samples as specified in
requirement of Specification D76/D76M.
Practice D4354.
6.2 Plunger, with a flat diameter of 50 6 1 mm with a radial
7.2 Laboratory Sample—Consider the units in the lot
edge of 2.5 6 0.5 mm. See Fig. 1.
sample as the units in the laboratory sample. For the laboratory
6.3 Clamping Apparatus, consisting of concentric plates sample, take a full width sample of sufficient length along the
with an internal diameter of 150 mm (5.9 in.), capable of selvage or edge of the roll so that the requirements of 7.3
clamping the test specimen without slippage (limit slippage of through 7.5.2 can be met. Exclude the inner and outer wraps of
test specimen to 5 mm). The external diameter is suggested to therolloranymaterialcontainingfolds,crushedareas,orother
be 250 mm (9.8 in.). The diameter of the holes used for distortions not representative of the sample lot.
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres.
NOTE 2—This diagram is not to scale.
FIG. 1 Plunger
D6241 − 14
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres.
NOTE 2—This diagram is not to scale.
FIG. 2 Typical Arrangement for Test on Tensile Testing Machine (Method A)
7.3 Remove test specimens from the laboratory sample in a 7.4 Test Specimens—From each unit in the laboratory
randomlydistributedpatternacrossthewidthwithnospecimen
sample, cut the specimens so that the edge of specimen will
taken nearer the selvage of fabric edge than 1/20 of the fabric
extend beyond the edge of the clamp by 10 mm (0.39 in.) in all
width or 15
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D6241 − 04 (Reapproved 2009) D6241 − 14
Standard Test Method for the
Static Puncture Strength of Geotextiles and Geotextile-
Related Products Using a 50-mm Probe
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6241; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Title was added to Table 1 and editorial changes were made throughout in February 2014.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method is an index test used to measure the force required to puncture a geotextile and geotextile-related products.
The relatively large size of the plunger provides a multidirectional force on the geotextile.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D76D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
D1883 Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled Erosion Control Products(RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
NOTE 1—Test Method D1883 describes a mold (CBR mold) that can be used for this test method.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123. For definitions of
other terms relating to geosynthetics used in this test method, refer to Terminology D4439.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 atmoshere for testing geotextiles, n—air maintained at a relative humidity of 50 to 70 % and a temperature of 21 6 2°C
(70 6 4°F).
3.2.2 geotextile, n—a permeable geosynthetic composed solely of textiles.
3.2.3 puncture resistance, n—the inherent resisting mechanism of the test specimen to the failure by a penetrating or puncturing
object.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A test specimen is clamped without tension between circular plates and secured in a tensile or compression testing machine,
or both. A force is exerted against the center of the unsupported portion of the test specimen by a steel plunger attached to the load
indicator until rupture occurs. The maximum force is the value of puncture strength.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthetics is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechanical Properties
Current edition approved June 1, 2009July 1, 2014. Published July 2009July 2014. Originally approved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 20042009 as
ε1
D6241 – 04.D6241 – 04(2009) . DOI: 10.1520/D6241-04R09E01.10.1520/D6241-14.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6241 − 14
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method for determining the puncture strength of geotextiles is to be used by the industry as an index of puncture
strength. The use of this test method is to establish an index value by providing standard criteria and a basis for uniform reporting.
5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of geotextiles.
5.3 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of
commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two
parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of the type in question.
The test specimens then should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from
the two laboratories should be compared using Student’s t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the
two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the
supplier must agree to interpret future test results in the light of the known bias.
5.4 This test method is not applicable to materials that are manufactured in sizes that are too small to be placed into the test
apparatus in accordance with the procedures in this test method. Furthermore, it is not appropriate to separate plies of a
geosynthetic or geocomposite for use in this test method.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Testing Machine, must be constant-rate-of extension (CRE) type, with autographic recorder conforming to the requirement
of Specification D76D76/D76M.
6.2 Plunger, with a flat diameter of 50 6 1 mm with a radial edge of 2.5 6 0.5 mm. See Fig. 1.
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimeters.millimetres.
NOTE 2—This diagram is not to scale.
FIG. 1 Plunger
D6241 − 14
6.3 Clamping Apparatus, consisting of concentric plates with an internal diameter of 150 mm (5.9 in.), capable of clamping the
test specimen without slippage (limit slippage of test specimen to 5 mm). The external diameter is suggested to be 250 mm (9.8
in.). The diameter of the holes used for securing the ring clamp assemblage is suggested to be 11 mm (7/16 in.) and equally spaced
at a diameter of 220 mm (8.7 in.). The surfaces of these plates can consist of grooves with rubber O-rings or coarse sandpaper
bonded onto opposing surfaces. It is suggested that 9.5-mm (3/8-in.) bolts be welded to the bottom plate so that the top plate can
be placed over the bolts and nuts easily tightened. A guide block may be used to help seat the material being clamped. Other clamps
that eliminate slippage are acceptable. See Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
NOTE 2—Plans for a hydraulic clamping apparatus are on file at ASTM.
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimeters.millimetres.
NOTE 2—This diagram is not to scale.
FIG. 2 Typical Arrangement for Test on Tensile Testing Machine (Method A)
D6241 − 14
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimeters.millimetres.
NOTE 2—The diagram is not to scale.
FIG. 3 Typical Arrangement for Test on Compression Testing Machine (Method B)
7. Sampling
7.1 Lot Sample—In the absence of other guidelines, divide the product into lots and take lot samples as specified in Practice
D4354.
7.2 Laboratory Sample—Consider the units in the lot sample as the units in the laboratory sample. For the laboratory sample,
take a full width sample of sufficient length along the selvage or edge of the roll so that the requirements of 7.3 through 7.5.2 can
be met. Exclude the inner and outer wraps
...