ASTM C1201-91(2003)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Dimension Stone Cladding Systems by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
Standard Test Method for Structural Performance of Exterior Dimension Stone Cladding Systems by Uniform Static Air Pressure Difference
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method gives a standard procedure for determining structural performance under uniform static air pressure difference. This typically is intended to represent the effects of wind loads on exterior building surface elements. The actual loading on building surfaces is quite complex, varying with wind direction, time, height above ground, building shape, terrain, surrounding structures, and other factors. These factors are discussed in the literature in 2.1 and 2.2 and Footnotes 4 and 5.
Note 1—In applying the results of tests by this test method, it should be borne in mind that the performance of a cladding system may be a function of fabrication, installation, and adjustment, and that the specimen may or may not truly represent the actual structure. In service, the performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, to vibration, to thermal expansion and contraction, etc.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the structural performance of dimension stone cladding systems under positive and negative uniform static air pressure differences, using a test chamber.
1.2 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.
1.3 This test method describes the apparatus and the procedure to be used for applying either specific test loads or unknown ultimate values of uniformity distributed test loads to a specimen.
1.3.1 Procedure A (see 11.2) shall be used when deflections at maximum load only are required.
1.3.2 Procedure B (see 11.3) shall be used when a load-deflection curve is required.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:C1201–91(Reapproved 2003)
Standard Test Method for
Structural Performance of Exterior Dimension Stone
Cladding Systems by Uniform Static Air Pressure
Difference
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1201; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the struc- 3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
tural performance of dimension stone cladding systems under 3.1.1 permanent deformation—the permanent displacement
positive and negative uniform static air pressure differences, from an original position that remains after an applied load has
using a test chamber. been removed.
1.2 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge 3.1.2 specimen—the entire assembled unit submitted for
of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement. test as described in Section 8.
1.3 This test method describes the apparatus and the proce- 3.1.3 test load—thespecifieddifferenceinstaticairpressure
dure to be used for applying either specific test loads or (positive or negative) for which the specimen is to be tested,
unknown ultimate values of uniformity distributed test loads to expressed in pascals (pounds-force per square foot).
a specimen. 3.1.4 ultimate load—the difference in static air pressure
1.3.1 ProcedureA(see 11.2) shall be used when deflections (positive or negative) at which failure of the specimen occurs,
at maximum load only are required. expressed in pascals (pounds-force per square foot).
1.3.2 Procedure B (see 11.3) shall be used when a load-
4. Summary of Test Method
deflection curve is required.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the 4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimen
into or against one face of a test chamber; supplying air to, or
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only. exhausting air from, the chamber at the rate required to
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the maintain the test-pressure difference across the specimen; and
observing, measuring, and recording the deflection, deforma-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4,5
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- tions, and nature of any failures.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5. Significance and Use
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
5.1 This test method gives a standard procedure for deter-
statements, see Section 7.
miningstructuralperformanceunderuniformstaticairpressure
2. Referenced Documents
difference. This typically is intended to represent the effects of
wind loads on exterior building surface elements. The actual
2.1 ANSI Standard:
ANSI A58.1 Building Code Requirements for Minimum loading on building surfaces is quite complex, varying with
wind direction, time, height above ground, building shape,
Design Loads in Buildings and Other Structures
2.2 AAMA Standard: terrain, surrounding structures, and other factors. These factors
are discussed in the literature in 2.1 and 2.2 and Footnotes 4
AAMATIR-A2 Design Wind Loads forAluminum Curtain
Walls and 5.
NOTE 1—In applying the results of tests by this test method, it should
be borne in mind that the performance of a cladding system may be a
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-18 on
function of fabrication, installation, and adjustment, and that the specimen
Dimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on Test
may or may not truly represent the actual structure. In service, the
Methods.
Current edition approved May 10, 2003. Published June 2003. Originally
approved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as C 1201–91 (1996).
2 4
Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, American Society of Heating, Refriger-
13th Floor, New York, NY 10036. ating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Chapter 26, 1977.
3 5
Available fromAmericanArchitectural ManufacturersAssociation, 2700 River “Wind Forces on Structures,” Transactions of the American Society of Civil
Road, Suite 118, Des Plaines, IL 60018. Engineer, Vol 126, Part II, Paper 3269, 1961, pp. 1124–1198.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C1201–91 (2003)
performance will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction perimeter of the test specimen and the mounting panel, although it is
and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes, to preferable. However, substantial air leakage will require an air supply of
vibration, to thermal expansion and contraction, etc. much greater capacity to maintain the required pressure differences.
6.2.3 Pressure-Measuring Apparatus—Adevice to measure
6. Apparatus
the test pressure difference within an accuracy of 62%.
6.1 The description of apparatus is general in nature; any
6.2.4 Deflection-Measuring System—Ameans of measuring
equipment capable of performing the test procedure within the
deflections with an accuracy of 60.025 mm (60.001 in.).
allowable tolerances is permitted.
6.2.4.1 Stone deflections shall be measured perpendicular to
6.2 Major Components (see Fig. 1):
the stone surface at anchorage locations and at the position of
6.2.1 Test Chamber—A test chamber or box with an open-
maximum displacement. Additional locations for deflection
ing, a removable mounting panel, or one open side in which, or
measurements, if required, shall be stated by the specifier.
against which, the specimen is installed. Care should be taken
6.2.4.2 Deflection gages shall be supported independently
when designing the chamber-to-specimen seal, to avoid edge
of the cladding system being tested.
conditions not representative of the cladding system being
6.2.4.3 For tests to determine the ultimate performance of a
tested. At least one static pressure tap shall be provided to
specimen, deflection-measuring devices with lesser precision
measure the chamber pressure and shall be so located that the
may be used due to possible destruction of the instruments.
reading is unaffected by the velocity of the air supply to or
from the chamber, or any other air movement. The air supply
7. Hazards
opening into the chamber shall be arranged so that the air does
7.1 Take proper precautions to protect the observers in the
not impinge directly on the test specimen. A means of access
event of any failure. At the pressures used in this test method,
into the chamber may be provided to facilitate adjustments and
considerable energy and hazard are involved. In cases of
observations after the specimen has been installed.
failure, the hazard to personnel is less with an exhaust system,
as the specimen will tend to blow into the test chamber rather
NOTE 2—The test chamber and the specimen mounting frame must not
deflect under the test load in such a manner that the performance of the
than out. Do not permit personnel in such chambers during
specimen will be affected.
tests.
6.2.2 Air System—A controllable blower, a compressed-air
8. Test Specimens
supply, an exhaust system, or reversible controllable blower
8.1 Test specimens shall be of sufficient size and extent to
designed to provide the required maximum air-pressure differ-
ence across the specimen. The system shall provide an essen- determine the performance of all typical components of the
cladding system.
tially constant air-pressure difference for the required test
8.1.1 All parts of the test specimen shall be full size, using
period.
the same materials, material finishes, details, and methods of
NOTE 3—It is convenie
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.