ASTM D7203-11(2017)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Screening Trichloroethylene (TCE)-Contaminated Media Using a Heated Diode Sensor (Withdrawn 2022)
Standard Practice for Screening Trichloroethylene (TCE)-Contaminated Media Using a Heated Diode Sensor (Withdrawn 2022)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The heated diode sensor device used in this practice is selective for HVOCs. Other electronegative compounds, such as alcohols, ketones, nitrates, and sulfides, may cause a positive interference with the performance of the heated diode sensor to detect HVOCs, but to do so, they must be present at much higher concentrations than the HVOCs.
Note 2: For volatile organic compound (VOC) screening purposes, a flame ionization detector (FID) selectively responds to flammable VOCs; a photoionization detector (PID) selectively responds to VOCs having a double bond; and a heated diode sensor selectively responds to halogenated VOCs.
5.2 This practice can be used for screening media known to contain TCE to estimate the concentration of TCE in the media. Procedure A is to be used for screening soil known to contain TCE and Procedure B is to be used for screening water known to contain TCE. Both Procedures A and B involve measuring the TCE concentration in the headspace above a sample. From this measurement, an estimated concentration of TCE in the sample can be determined. Any TCE remaining in the sample is not measured by this practice. Any other HVOC present in the sample will be reported as TCE.
5.3 This practice can also be used for screening the headspace above a soil or water suspected of containing HVOC contamination to indicate the presence or absence of HVOC contamination in the soil (Procedure A) or water (Procedure B). Any HVOC contamination remaining in the sample is not detected by this practice.
5.4 Detection Limit—The detection limit of the heated diode sensor for TCE is 0.1 mg/m3 in air, based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 2. For a 25-g TCE-contaminated soil sample in a 250-mL container, the detection limit of Procedure A for TCE is 0.001 mg/Kg, assuming complete partitioning of TCE into the headspace. For a 25-g TCE-contaminated water sample in a 250-mL container, the detection limit of Procedure B for TCE is 0.001 mg/L, assuming complete partiti...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for screening media known to contain the halogenated volatile organic compound (HVOC), trichloroethylene (TCE). Procedure A is to be used for screening soil known to contain TCE and Procedure B is to be used for screening water known to contain TCE.
1.1.1 Both Procedures A and B involve measuring the TCE concentration in the headspace above a sample using a heated diode sensor device. From this measurement, an estimated concentration of TCE in the sample can be determined. Any TCE remaining in the sample is not measured. Any other HVOC present in the sample will be reported as TCE.
1.2 Procedure A can also be used for screening the headspace above a soil suspected of containing HVOC contamination to indicate the presence or absence of HVOC contamination in the soil. Procedure B can also be used for screening the headspace above a water suspected of containing HVOC contamination to indicate the presence or absence of HVOC contamination in the water. For both procedures, any HVOC contamination remaining in the soil or water is not detected by this practice.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Certain inch-pound units are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: The diode sensor is heated to temperatures ranging between approximately 600 and 1000 °C (see 6.1.5) and as a result could be a source of ignition.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles...
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7203 − 11 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Practice for
Screening Trichloroethylene (TCE)-Contaminated Media
Using a Heated Diode Sensor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7203; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This practice describes procedures for screening media
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
known to contain the halogenated volatile organic compound
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
(HVOC), trichloroethylene (TCE). Procedure A is to be used
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
for screening soil known to containTCE and Procedure B is to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
be used for screening water known to contain TCE.
1.1.1 Both Procedures A and B involve measuring the TCE
2. Referenced Documents
concentration in the headspace above a sample using a heated
2.1 ASTM Standards:
diode sensor device. From this measurement, an estimated
D4547 Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for Volatile
concentration of TCE in the sample can be determined. Any
Organic Compounds
TCE remaining in the sample is not measured. Any other
D5681 Terminology for Waste and Waste Management
HVOC present in the sample will be reported as TCE.
1.2 Procedure A can also be used for screening the head- 3. Terminology
space above a soil suspected of containing HVOC contamina-
3.1 Definitions—Fordefinitionsoftermsusedinthisscreen-
tion to indicate the presence or absence of HVOC contamina-
ing practice, refer to Terminology D5681.
tion in the soil. Procedure B can also be used for screening the
headspace above a water suspected of containing HVOC 4. Summary of Practice
contamination to indicate the presence or absence of HVOC
4.1 Procedure A—ToestimatetheconcentrationofTCEina
contamination in the water. For both procedures, any HVOC
soil known to contain TCE contamination, a sample of the soil
contamination remaining in the soil or water is not detected by
is added to a glass jar having an open-top cap with a
this practice.
PTFE-bonded silicone septum. At the time of screening, the
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as temperature of the soil in the jar should be approximately 50 to
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this 120 °F (10 to 49 °C). The soil in the jar is shaken and allowed
standard. tosettlefor10min,sotheTCEcanpartitionintotheheadspace
1.3.1 Exception—Certain inch-pound units are provided for above the soil. After 10 min, the TCE concentration in the
headspace is measured using a heated diode sensor device,
information only.
which gives a numerical voltage reading. The voltage reading
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
from the device is converted to a mg/m value of TCE in the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
headspace in the container. Using this value, an estimated
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
concentration of TCE in the soil in mg/Kg can be calculated.
priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-
Any TCE remaining in the soil sample is not measured by this
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
practice. Any other HVOC present in the soil will be reported
NOTE 1—The diode sensor is heated to temperatures ranging between
as TCE.
approximately 600 and 1000 °C (see 6.1.5) and as a result could be a
4.1.1 To use Procedure A to screen a soil suspected of
source of ignition.
containing HVOC contamination, a sample of the soil is added
to a glass jar having an open-top cap with a PTFE-bonded
silicone septum. At the time of screening, the temperature of
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 on
Screening Methods. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2017. Published September 2017. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 2005. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D7203 – 11. DOI: Standardsvolume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D7203-11R17. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D7203 − 11 (2017)
the soil in the jar should be approximately 50 to 120 °F (10 to this measurement, an estimated concentration of TCE in the
49 °C). The soil in the jar is shaken and allowed to settle for sample can be determined. Any TCE remaining in the sample
10 min, so the HVOC can partition into the headspace above is not measured by this practice. Any other HVOC present in
the soil.After 10 min, the heated diode sensor device is used to the sample will be reported as TCE.
screen the headspace in the container. The numerical voltage
5.3 This practice can also be used for screening the head-
reading from the device indicates the presence or absence of
space above a soil or water suspected of containing HVOC
HVOC contamination in the soil. Any HVOC contamination
contamination to indicate the presence or absence of HVOC
remaining in the soil is not detected by this procedure.
contamination in the soil (Procedure A) or water (Procedure
4.2 Procedure B—To estimate the concentration of TCE in B). Any HVOC contamination remaining in the sample is not
water known to contain TCE contamination, a sample of the detected by this practice.
water is added to a glass jar having an open-top cap with a
5.4 Detection Limit—Thedetectionlimitoftheheateddiode
PTFE-bonded silicone septum. At the time of screening, the
sensor for TCE is 0.1 mg/m in air, based on a signal-to-noise
temperature of the water in the jar should be approximately 50
ratio of 2. For a 25-g TCE-contaminated soil sample in a
to 120 °F (10 to 49 °C).The water in the jar is shaken, allowed
250-mL container, the detection limit of Procedure A for TCE
to settle for 1 min, shaken again, and allowed to settle for
is 0.001 mg/Kg, assuming complete partitioning of TCE into
1 min, so the TCE can partition into the headspace above the
the headspace. For a 25-g TCE-contaminated water sample in
water.After the sample is allowed to settle for the second time,
a250-mLcontainer,thedetectionlimitofProcedureBforTCE
the TCE concentration in the headspace is measured using a
is 0.001 mg/L, assuming complete partitioning ofTCE into the
heated diode sensor device, which gives a numerical voltage
headspace.
reading. The voltage reading from the device is converted to a
3 5.5 This practice can be used to screen moist soil samples
mg/m value of TCE in the headspace in the container. Using
and water samples. Water vapor does not interfere with the
this value, an estimated concentration of TCE in the water in
performance of the heated diode sensor.
mg/L can be calculated. Any TCE remaining in the water
sample is not measured by this procedure. Any other HVOC
5.6 Hydrocarbon fuels, including fuels containing aromatic
present in the water will be reported as TCE. compounds, such as gasoline, are not detected by the practice.
4.2.1 To use Procedure B to screen water suspected of
containing HVOC contamination, a sample of the water is
6. Apparatus
added to a glass jar having an open-top cap with a PTFE-
6.1 Procedures A and B:
bonded silicone septum.At the time of screening, the tempera-
6.1.1 Glass Jars, 250-mL (8-oz), approximately 14 cm
ture of the water in the jar should be approximately 50 to
(5 ⁄2 in.) tall, with open-top caps having PTFE-bonded silicone
120 °F (10 to 49 °C).The water in the jar is shaken, allowed to
septa.
settle for 1 min, shaken again, and allowed to settle for 1 min,
6.1.2 Scale, capable of weighing to 0.1 g.
so the TCE can partition into the headspace above the water.
6.1.3 Thermometer, with temperature given in divisions of
After the sample is allowed to settle for the second time, the
0.1 °C
heated diode sensor device is used to screen the headspace in
6.1.4 Barometer, such that pressure in atmospheres can be
the container. The numerical voltage reading from the device
determined to 0.001 atm.
indicates the presence or absence of HVOC contamination in
6.1.5 Heated Diode Sensor Device, a device having a diode
the water.Any HVOC contamination remaining in the water is
sensor that is heated between temperatures ranging from
not detected by this procedure.
approximately 600 to 1000 °C generating an alkali metal vapor
stream that selectively reacts with halogens present in HVOC
5. Significance and Use
molecules,creatingionizedproductspeciesthatcauseacurrent
5.1 The heated diode sensor device used in this practice is to flow between a cathode and an anode. The numerical output
selective for HVOCs. Other electronegative compounds, such
from the sensor in volts is proportional to a microamp current
asalcohols,ketones,nitrates,andsulfides,maycauseapositive fromthediodeandrangesfrom0.001to20Vwitharesolution
interferencewiththeperformanceoftheheateddiodesensorto
of 0.001 V. The HVOC molecules in the headspace above the
detect HVOCs, but to do so, they must be present at much samplearedrawnthroughaprobetotheheateddiodesensorby
higher concentrations than the HVOCs.
a pump in the device. The heated diode sensor device should
have a needle attached to the probe of the device so the septum
NOTE 2—For volatile organic compound (VOC) screening purposes, a
in the cap of the sample jar can be pierced and the needle can
flame ionization detector (FID) selectively responds to flammable VOCs;
be inserted into the headspace above the sample. This needle
a photoionization detector (PID) selectively responds to VOCs having a
double bond; and a heated diode sensor selectively responds to haloge-
must be designed to allow make-up air to enter the sample jar
nated VOCs.
from the top so that back pressure will not build up within the
jar. Back pressure in the jar will change the air flow rate of the
5.2 This practice can be used for screening media known to
containTCEtoestimatetheconcentrationofTCEinthemedia. device and in turn affect the voltage reading.
Procedure A is to be used for screening soil known to contain 6.1.6 Tedlar Bags,1Linvolumeandhavingastainlesssteel
TCE and Procedure B is to be used for screening water known valve with a nipple fitting that can be opened and closed.
to contain TCE. Both Procedures A and B involve measuring 6.1.7 Gas Regulators, for use with the TCE standard gas
the TCE concentration in the headspace above a sample. From cylinders (see 7.1). Each regulator should have a short length,
D7203 − 11 (2017)
1 1
about 1 ⁄4 in., of ⁄4-in. inner diameter fluoroelastomer tubing 8.1.3 Extrude the soil sample from the coring tool into the
attached to the nipple fitting. pre-weighed 250-mL glass jar and immediately seal the jar
making sure that there are no soil particles on the sealing
6.2 Procedure A:
surfaces.
6.2.1 Metal or Rigid Plastic Coring Tools, designed for
8.1.4 Weigh the jar-plus-soil sample and record the mass of
collecting and transferring a 25-g soil VOC sample (see Guide
the jar-plus-soil sample to 60.1 g.
D4547 and 8.1.1).
8.1.5 Determinethemassofsoiladdedtothejar,andrecord
the mass of the soil sample to 60.1 g.
7. Reagents and Materials
8.1.6 The temperature of the soil in the sample jar should be
approximately 50 to 120 °F (10 to 49 °C) prior to screening the
7.1 TCE Standard Gas Cylinders—These are transportable
sample using the heated diode sensor, so that HVOC partition-
cylinders containing certified concentrations of TCE in air
ing into the headspace above the sample will occur (see Note
pressurized to about 320 psi. If the practice is being used to
5). The sample jar should not be opened to determine the soil
screen a TCE-contaminated media to estimate the concentra-
temperature. The ambient temperature where the screening is
tion of TCE in the media, two concentrations of TCE are
to be performed should be in the range of 50 to 120 °F (10 to
required. One concentration is 220 6 10 vapor part per million
49 °C) (see Note 6), and the soil sample should be allowed to
(ppmv)TCEinair.ThisisthehighconcentrationTCEstandard
come to approximately that temperature prior to screening
gas.The other concentration is 22 6 1 ppmvTCE in air, which
(Section 12).
is the mid concentration TCE standard gas. These concentra-
NOTE 5—The temperature at which the screening is performed may
tionscorrelatewiththeupperandmidrangeofsensorresponse
affect the HVOC concentration in the headspace. For example, the vapor
for the device. A 220 ppmv TCE standard gas at 25 °C pressure of TCE at 120 °F (49 °C) is about seven times greater than the
vapor pressure of TCE at 50 °F (10 °C). Therefore, more TCE would be
corresponds to about 890 mg/m TCE in air at 0.75 atm of
3 expected in the headspace at higher temperatures.
pressure and to about 1200 mg/m TCE in air at 1 atm of
NOTE 6—The ambient temperature where the screening is to be
pressure.A22 ppmvTCE standard gas at 25 °C corresponds to
performed will be recorded as specified in 11.3
about90mg/m TCEinairat0.75atmofpressureandtoabout
8.2 Procedure B:
120 mg/m TCE in air at 1 atm of pressure. See Note 3 and
8.2.1 Mark a 250-mL glass jar having an open-top cap
Note 4. If the practice is being used to screen a media
containing a PTFE-bonded silicone septum to show the filling
suspected of containing HVOC contamination to indicate the
level to give approximately 25 g of water in the jar. Pre-weigh
presence or absence of HVOC contamination, only the high
the marked 250-mLjar with its cap. Record the mass of the jar
concentrationTCE standard gas, 220 6 10 ppmvTCE in air, is
with the cap to 60.1 g.
required.
8.2.2 Collect a water sample of approximately 25 g directly
into the pre-weighed glass jar and immediately seal the jar
NOTE 3—For HVOC concentrations in air that are greater than
making sure that the sealing surfaces are clean.
10 mg⁄m , the current that is generated by the reaction between the
halogen and the alkali metal vapor when the sensor is exposed to the
8.2.3 Weigh the jar-plus-water sample and record the mass
HVOC is a function of the log of the concentration of the halogen in air.
of the jar-plus-water sample to 60.1 g.
The log of 890 is 2.9, and the log of 1200 is 3.1
...
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