ASTM C913-23

Standard Specification for Precast Concrete Water and Wastewater Structures

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the recommended design requirements and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional precast concrete water and wastewater structures with the exception of concrete pipe, box culverts, utility structures, septic tanks, grease interceptor tanks, and items included under the scope of Specification C478/C478M.  
Note 1: Water and wastewater structures are defined as solar heating reservoirs, cisterns, holding tanks, leaching tanks, extended aeration tanks, wet wells, pumping stations, distribution boxes, oil-water separators, treatment plants, manure pits, catch basins, drop inlets, and similar structures.
Note 2: Installation and sealant requirements should receive special consideration due to special features of the application.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2023
• ICS: 13.060.30 - Sewage water
• Technical Committee: C27 - Precast Concrete Products
• Drafting Committee: C27.30 - Water and Wastewater Containers

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM C913-21 - Standard Specification for Precast Concrete Water and Wastewater Structures
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2023
• Refers: ASTM A1064/A1064M-24 - Standard Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete
• Effective Date: 15-Apr-2024
• Refers: ASTM C94/C94M-24a - Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2024
• Refers: ASTM A416/A416M-24 - Standard Specification for Low-Relaxation, Seven-Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2024
• Refers: ASTM C989/C989M-24 - Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2024
• Refers: ASTM C231/C231M-24 - Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM C173/C173M-24 - Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM C94/C94M-24 - Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2024
• Refers: ASTM C39/C39M-23 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2023
• Refers: ASTM C173/C173M-23 - Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2023
• Refers: ASTM C94/C94M-23 - Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2023
• Refers: ASTM A1064/A1064M-22 - Standard Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2022
• Refers: ASTM C989/C989M-22 - Standard Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2022
• Refers: ASTM C231/C231M-22 - Standard Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
• Effective Date: 01-Jun-2022
• Refers: ASTM C39/C39M-21 - Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2021

Overview

ASTM C913-23: Standard Specification for Precast Concrete Water and Wastewater Structures provides comprehensive requirements for the design and manufacturing of monolithic or sectional precast concrete structures used in water and wastewater applications, excluding specific types such as concrete pipe, box culverts, utility structures, septic tanks, and those covered by ASTM C478/C478M. This specification outlines material selection, structural design, and quality control to promote durability and performance in diverse environmental conditions. It supports efficient, safe, and compliant solutions for a broad range of infrastructure and utility projects.

Key Topics

• Scope and Applicability: ASTM C913-23 targets structures such as solar heating reservoirs, cisterns, holding and leaching tanks, extended aeration tanks, wet wells, pumping stations, distribution boxes, oil-water separators, treatment plants, manure pits, catch basins, and drop inlets.
• Material Requirements:
  • Use of approved cements (Portland, blended hydraulic, slag, etc.), aggregates, and admixtures per referenced ASTM specifications.
  • Reinforcement standards and minimum concrete compressive strength requirements.
  • Tolerances for dimensions, squareness, reinforcement placement, joints, and slab/wall thickness.
• Design & Manufacturing:
  • Design practices based on ACI 318 and AASHTO LRFD for structural integrity.
  • Emphasis on appropriate sizing and placement of access openings, knockouts, and sumps.
  • Guidelines for mixing, formwork, reinforcement placement, and curing.
• Joints and Sealants: Requirements ensure structural tightness and resistance to water leakage; additional guidance for potable water and special environmental considerations.
• Quality and Marking: Details on inspection, acceptance testing, repairs, and mandatory product marking for traceability and intended use.

Applications

ASTM C913-23 is highly relevant for:

• Municipalities and Utilities: Constructing and maintaining water reservoirs, wastewater treatment plants, and pumping stations with assured reliability and compliance.
• Civil and Environmental Engineering: Specifying precast concrete components for infrastructure projects, from catch basins and drop inlets to specialized treatment and separation units.
• Industrial and Agricultural Use: Implementing precast tanks and pits (e.g., for manure, oil-water separation) in facilities requiring robust containment and resistance to varied loads and environmental factors.
• Contractors and Precast Manufacturers: Ensuring consistent, specification-driven production that meets public, private, or regulatory project demands, while minimizing onsite fabrication and accelerating installation.
• Inspection and Quality Assurance: Applying clear criteria for acceptance, repair, and rejection, along with traceability for each product.

Related Standards

For comprehensive compliance, practitioners should reference these interconnected standards:

• ASTM C478/C478M: Circular precast reinforced concrete manhole sections.
• ASTM C33/C33M: Concrete aggregates.
• ASTM C94/C94M: Ready-mixed concrete.
• ASTM C990: Joints for concrete pipe, manholes, and precast box sections using joint sealants.
• ACI 318: Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete.
• AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications: For relevant loading and structural design.
• ASTM C494/C494M: Chemical admixtures for concrete.
• SS-S-210A: Federal standard for sealing compounds.

ASTM C913-23 serves as a critical foundation for the safe, effective, and durable implementation of precast concrete water and wastewater structures, addressing both the technical and regulatory needs of modern infrastructure projects. By adhering to these guidelines, stakeholders can ensure long-term performance and regulatory compliance, ultimately contributing to resilient and sustainable water management systems.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C913 − 23
Standard Specification for
Precast Concrete Water and Wastewater Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C913; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope A416/A416M Specification for Low-Relaxation, Seven-
Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete
1.1 This specification covers the recommended design re-
A421/A421M Specification for Stress-Relieved Steel Wire
quirements and manufacturing practices for monolithic or
for Prestressed Concrete
sectional precast concrete water and wastewater structures with
A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-
the exception of concrete pipe, box culverts, utility structures,
Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
septic tanks, grease interceptor tanks, and items included under
A706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-
the scope of Specification C478/C478M.
Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
NOTE 1—Water and wastewater structures are defined as solar heating
A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and
reservoirs, cisterns, holding tanks, leaching tanks, extended aeration tanks,
Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for
wet wells, pumping stations, distribution boxes, oil-water separators,
Concrete
treatment plants, manure pits, catch basins, drop inlets, and similar
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
structures.
NOTE 2—Installation and sealant requirements should receive special
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-
consideration due to special features of the application.
drical Concrete Specimens
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
information only. gregates
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Concrete by the Volumetric Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Concrete by the Pressure Method
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
for Concrete
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
C330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Structural Concrete
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
C478/C478M Specification for Circular Precast Reinforced
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Concrete Manhole Sections
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for
2. Referenced Documents Concrete
2 C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C618 Specification for Coal Ash and Raw or Calcined
A184/A184M Specification for Welded Deformed Steel Bar
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
Mats for Concrete Reinforcement
C685/C685M Specification for Concrete Made by Volumet-
ric Batching and Continuous Mixing
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast
C890 Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for
Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.30 on Water
Monolithic or Sectional Precast Concrete Water and
and Wastewater Containers.
Wastewater Structures
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2023. Published November 2023. Originally
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2021 as C913 – 21. DOI:
10.1520/C0913-23.
Concrete and Mortars
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
C990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes,
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. Sealants
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C913 − 23
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic 4.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification
Cement C33/C33M and lightweight aggregates shall conform to Speci-
C1889 Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for fication C330/C330M, except that the requirements for grading
Monolithic or Sectional Precast Concrete Utility, Water, shall not apply.
and Wastewater Structures Using AASHTO LRFD Design
4.3 Water—Water used in mixing concrete shall be clean
2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:
and free of injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalis, salts,
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Con-
organic materials, or other substances incompatible with con-
crete
crete or steel.
2.3 Federal Specification:
4.4 Admixtures—Admixtures shall conform to Specification
SS-S-210A Sealing Compound, Preformed Plastic, for Ex-
4 C494/C494M or C618 and shall not be injurious to other
pansion Joints and Pipe Joints
products used in the concrete.
2.3 AASHTO Standard:
4.4.1 Air-Entraining Admixtures—Air-entraining admix-
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications
tures conforming to Specification C260/C260M shall be used
when there is a risk that the concrete may be exposed to
3. Ordering Information
freeze-thaw cycles. The concrete mixture shall contain 5.5 6
3.1 Unless otherwise designated by the purchaser before
1.5 % air by volume as determined by Test Method C231/
placing an order, a structure designed in accordance with
C231M or C173/C173M.
Section 5 of this specification and found to satisfactorily meet
4.5 Steel Reinforcement—Steel reinforcement shall conform
the requirements imposed when tested and inspected as de-
to Specification A1064/A1064M; Specifications A416/A416M
scribed herein shall be acceptable. The test of materials as
and A421/A421M for prestressed strand and wire; or Specifi-
required shall be done in accordance with applicable ASTM
cation A184/A184M, A615/A615M, or A706/A706M for bars.
International standards. Inspection, when required, shall in-
clude checks on fabrication and placing of reinforcement and
5. Design Requirements
concrete in accordance with approved design drawings.
5.1 Design Method—The method of structural design of
4. Materials
reinforced concrete as outlined in the ACI 318 Building Code
4.1 Cementitious Materials:
shall be used to design the concrete sections, including the
4.1.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements
reinforcement required, when the structure is subjected to the
for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M, hydraulic
loading conditions covered in Practice C890. Structures sub-
cement Specification C1157/C1157M, or shall be portland
jected to the loading conditions in Practice C1889 shall be
blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement or
designed in accordance with AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design
portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of
Specifications. Design requirements in excess of these speci-
Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constitu-
fications shall be identified by the purchaser.
ent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
5.1.1 Alternative Method to Design—An alternative method
4.1.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of
to the design of a structure is acceptable, with the permission
Specification C618.
of the purchaser, by performing required performance tests on
4.1.3 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the re-
the completed structure to confirm adequate strength.
quirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.
5.2 Access Openings—The structural design shall take into
4.1.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—
consideration the number, placement, and size of access
The combination of cementitious materials used in concrete
openings.
shall be one of the following:
5.3 Floors—The minimum floor thickness resulting from
4.1.4.1 Portland cement only;
slope shall be considered as nominal floor thickness in the
4.1.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only;
structure.
4.1.4.3 Portland-limestone cement only;
4.1.4.4 Portland-pozzolan cement only;
5.4 Knockouts and Sumps—Knockouts and sumps shall be
4.1.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-
designed to carry the loads imposed upon them. The basic
limestone cement and fly ash;
structure shall be designed to carry all imposed loads with
4.1.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-
knockouts removed.
limestone cement, slag cement, and fly ash; and
5.5 Placement of Reinforcement—The minimum concrete
4.1.4.7 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly
cover for reinforcing bars, mats, or fabric shall not be less than
ash.
1 in. (25 mm) for water retaining structures and ⁄4 in. (19 mm)
for other structures subject to the provisions of Section 7.
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
5.6 Concrete Strength—The minimum compressive strength
Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.aci-int.org.
4 (f' ) for design shall be 4000 psi (28 MPa) at 28 days of age.
c
Available from Standardization Documents, Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D,
700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. Attn: NPODS.
5.7 Joints—Where required, sealed joints in sectional pre-
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation
cast concrete structures shall be of such a design to prevent
Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
http://www.transportation.org. unacceptable leakage when used with a sealant (Note 3)
C913 − 23
approved by the purchaser and acceptable to the manufacturer.
Dimension Tolerance
0 to 5 ft (0 to 1.5 m) ± ⁄4 in. (±6 mm)
The criteria for unacceptable leakage will be determined by the
5 to 10 ft (1.5 to 3.0 m) ± ⁄8 in. (±10 mm)
purchaser’s specifications. Where potable water is involved,
10 to 20 ft (3.0 to 6.1 m) ± ⁄2 in. (±13 mm)
caution advises selecting a sealant that will not contaminate the
20 ft (6.1 m) and over as agreed upon between
manufacturer and purchaser
water for its intended purposes.
7.2 Squareness Tolerance—The inside of the rectangular
NOTE 3—Refer to Specification C990 or Federal Specification SS-S-
precast concrete component shall be square as determined by
210A for guidanc
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C913 − 21 C913 − 23
Standard Specification for
Precast Concrete Water and Wastewater Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C913; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the recommended design requirements and manufacturing practices for monolithic or sectional
precast concrete water and wastewater structures with the exception of concrete pipe, box culverts, utility structures, septic tanks,
grease interceptor tanks, and items included under the scope of Specification C478/C478M.
NOTE 1—Water and wastewater structures are defined as solar heating reservoirs, cisterns, holding tanks, leaching tanks, extended aeration tanks, wet
wells, pumping stations, distribution boxes, oil-water separators, treatment plants, manure pits, catch basins, drop inlets, and similar structures.
NOTE 2—Installation and sealant requirements should receive special consideration due to special features of the application.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A184/A184M Specification for Welded Deformed Steel Bar Mats for Concrete Reinforcement
A416/A416M Specification for Low-Relaxation, Seven-Wire Steel Strand for Prestressed Concrete
A421/A421M Specification for Stress-Relieved Steel Wire for Prestressed Concrete
A615/A615M Specification for Deformed and Plain Carbon-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A706/A706M Specification for Deformed and Plain Low-Alloy Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
A1064/A1064M Specification for Carbon-Steel Wire and Welded Wire Reinforcement, Plain and Deformed, for Concrete
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C94/C94M Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.30 on Water
and Wastewater Containers.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2021Nov. 1, 2023. Published August 2021November 2023. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20182021
as C913 – 18.C913 – 21. DOI: 10.1520/C0913-21.10.1520/C0913-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C913 − 23
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric Method
C231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pressure Method
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural Concrete
C478/C478M Specification for Circular Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole Sections
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C685/C685M Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and Continuous Mixing
C890 Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Monolithic or Sectional Precast Concrete Water and Wastewater
Structures
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C990 Specification for Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C1889 Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for Monolithic or Sectional Precast Concrete Utility, Water, and
Wastewater Structures Using AASHTO LRFD Design
2.2 American Concrete Institute Standard:
ACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete
2.3 Federal Specification:
SS-S-210A Sealing Compound, Preformed Plastic, for Expansion Joints and Pipe Joints
2.3 AASHTO Standard:
AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Unless otherwise designated by the purchaser before placing an order, a structure designed in accordance with Section 5 of
this specification and found to satisfactorily meet the requirements imposed when tested and inspected as described herein shall
be acceptable. The test of materials as required shall be done in accordance with applicable ASTM International standards.
Inspection, when required, shall include checks on fabrication and placing of reinforcement and concrete in accordance with
approved design drawings.
4. Materials
4.1 Cementitious Materials:
4.1.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M, hydraulic cement
Specification C1157/C1157M, or shall be portland blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement or portland-pozzolan
cement conforming to the requirements of Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP
portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
4.1.2 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618.
4.1.3 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.
4.1.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—The combination of cementitious materials used in concrete shall be
one of the following:
4.1.4.1 Portland cement only;
4.1.4.2 Portland blast furnace slag cement only;
4.1.4.3 Portland-limestone cement only;
Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http://www.aci-int.org.
Available from Standardization Documents, Order Desk, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. Attn: NPODS.
Available from American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,
http://www.transportation.org.
C913 − 23
4.1.4.4 Portland-pozzolan cement only;
4.1.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash;
4.1.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement, slag cement, and fly ash; and
4.1.4.7 A combination of portland-pozzolan cement and fly ash.
4.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification C33/C33M and lightweight aggregates shall conform to Specification
C330/C330M, except that the requirements for grading shall not apply.
4.3 Water—Water used in mixing concrete shall be clean and free of injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalis, salts, organic
materials, or other substances incompatible with concrete or steel.
4.4 Admixtures—Admixtures shall conform to Specification C494/C494M or C618 and shall not be injurious to other products
used in the concrete.
4.4.1 Air-Entraining Admixtures—Air-entraining admixtures conforming to Specification C260/C260M shall be used when there
is a risk that the concrete may be exposed to freeze-thaw cycles. The concrete mixture shall contain 5.5 6 1.5 % air by volume
as determined by Test Method C231/C231M or C173/C173M.
4.5 Steel Reinforcement—Steel reinforcement shall conform to Specification A1064/A1064M; Specifications A416/A416M and
A421/A421M for prestressed strand and wire; or Specification A184/A184M, A615/A615M, or A706/A706M for bars.
5. Design Requirements
5.1 Design Method—The method of structural design of reinforced concrete as outlined in the ACI 318 Building Code shall be
used to design the concrete sections, including the reinforcement required, when the structure is subjected to the loading conditions
covered in Practice C890. Structures subjected to the loading conditions in Practice C1889Design shall be designed in accordance
with AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. Design requirements in excess of these specifications shall be identified by
the purchaser.
5.1.1 Alternative Method to Design—An alternative method to the design of a structure is acceptable, with the permission of the
purchaser, by performing required performance tests on the completed structure to confirm adequate strength.
5.2 Access Openings—The structural design shall take into consideration the number, placement, and size of access openings.
5.3 Floors—The minimum floor thickness resulting from slope shall be considered as nominal floor thickness in the structure.
5.4 Knockouts and Sumps—Knockouts and sumps shall be designed to carry the loads imposed upon them. The basic structure
shall be designed to carry all imposed loads with knockouts removed.
5.5 Placement of Reinforcement—The minimum concrete cover for reinforcing bars, mats, or fabric shall not be less than 1 in. (25
mm) for water retaining structures and ⁄4 in. (19 mm) for other structures subject to the provisions of Section 7.
5.6 Concrete Strength—The minimum compressive strength (f' ) for design shall be 4000 psi (28 MPa) at 28 days of age.
c
5.7 Joints—Where required, sealed joints in sectional precast concrete structures shall be of such a design to prevent unacceptable
leakage when used with a sealant (Note 3) approved by the purchaser and acceptable to the manufacturer. The criteria for
unacceptable leakage will be determined by the purchaser’s specifications. Where potable water is involved, caution advises
selecting a sealant that will not contaminate the water for its intended purposes.
NOTE 3—Refer to Specification C990 or Federal Specification SS-S-210A for guidance.
C913 − 23
5.8 Lifting Devices—Design of embedded lifting devices shall conform to requirements as specified in 8.4 under Special Loading
Considerations of Practice C890.
6. Manufacture
6.1 Mixture—The aggregates, cement, and water shall be proportioned and mixed to produce a homogeneous concrete meeting the
requirements of this specification, and in accordance with
...