ASTM D4564-02a
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Sleeve Method
Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Sleeve Method
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to determine the density of cohesionless soil used in the construction of earth embankments and roadfills, or of cohesionless soils used for structure backfill, bedding and backfill for pipe, or filters. This test method is used as the basis for acceptance of soils compacted to a specified density or to a specified relative density.
This test method may be useful in determining the density of cohesionless soils in a confined or limited space since this test method requires less working area than other methods.
A predetermined calibration equation is necessary to use this procedure (see Annex A1). It is assumed there is a linear relationship between the density in place and the mass of dry soil per inch of test hole measured by the sleeve method. This may not be true for certain soils or the linear relationship may exist only for a particular range of densities.
The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors: Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of soil in place by the sleeve method.
1.2 The sleeve method of determining the density of soil in place is used for cohesionless, granular soils for which other methods of determining the density (sand cone, test pit, and the like) may not be practical. Typically, the sleeve method is applicable for soils that are predominantly fine gravel size, with a maximum of 5 % fines, and a maximum particle size of 3/4 in. (19.0 mm).
Note 1—There have been other methods developed for testing cohesionless soils. Compared to other methods, this procedure is convenient for field construction control testing because smaller and lighter equipment is used and the test can be performed in a smaller area.
1.3 A calibration equation is necessary in the application of this test method to obtain a reliable value of the in-place density of the soil (see Annex A1). The calibration equation is used to calculate the density of the soil in place from the mass of dry soil per inch of test hole measured by the sleeve method.
1.3.1 The calibration equation is predetermined for a particular soil type that is to be tested. When the soil changes significantly in either gradation or particle angularity, the calibration equation may have to be adjusted or redefined before the sleeve method can be used.
1.3.2 There may be certain soils meeting the general description in 1.2 for which a calibration equation may not be appropriate due to unsatisfactory correlation of the data. The sleeve method would not be applicable for these soils.
1.3.3 There may be certain soils meeting the description in for which the calibration equation may be applicable only for a certain range of densities. The sleeve method will give reliable values of the density in place only within that range of densities.
1.4 It is common practice in the engineering profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and a unit of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. This standard has been written using the gravitational system of units when dealing with the inch-pound system. In this system the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight). However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm), or the recording of density in lbm/ft 3 should...
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Designation:D4564–02a
Standard Test Method for
1
Density of Soil in Place by the Sleeve Method
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4564; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* tional system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use
of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density
standard.This standard has been written using the gravitational
of soil in place by the sleeve method.
system of units when dealing with the inch-pound system. In
1.2 The sleeve method of determining the density of soil in
this system the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight).
place is used for cohesionless, granular soils for which other
However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of
methods of determining the density (sand cone, test pit, and the
3
mass (lbm), or the recording of density in lbm/ft should not be
like) may not be practical. Typically, the sleeve method is
regarded as nonconformance with this test method.
applicable for soils that are predominantly fine gravel size,
1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the
with a maximum of 5 % fines, and a maximum particle size of
guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in
3
⁄4 in. (19.0 mm).
Practice D 6026. The method used to specify how data are
NOTE 1—There have been other methods developed for testing cohe-
collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly
sionless soils. Compared to other methods, this procedure is convenient
related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in
for field construction control testing because smaller and lighter equip-
design or other uses or both. How one applies the results
ment is used and the test can be performed in a smaller area.
obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.
1.3 Acalibration equation is necessary in the application of
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
this test method to obtain a reliable value of the in-place
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
density of the soil (see Annex A1). The calibration equation is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
used to calculate the density of the soil in place from the mass
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
of dry soil per inch of test hole measured by the sleeve method.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3.1 The calibration equation is predetermined for a par-
ticular soil type that is to be tested. When the soil changes
2. Referenced Documents
significantly in either gradation or particle angularity, the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
calibration equation may have to be adjusted or redefined
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
before the sleeve method can be used. 2
Fluids
1.3.2 There may be certain soils meeting the general de-
D 2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination ofWater
scription in 1.2 for which a calibration equation may not be 2
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
appropriate due to unsatisfactory correlation of the data. The
D 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies
sleeve method would not be applicable for these soils.
Engaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock
1.3.3 There may be certain soils meeting the description in
2
as Used in Engineering Design and Construction
1.2 for which the calibration equation may be applicable only
D 4253 Test Methods for Maximum Index Density of Soils
for a certain range of densities. The sleeve method will give
2
Using a Vibratory Table
reliable values of the density in place only within that range of
D 4254 Test Methods for Minimum Index Density of Soils
densities. 2
and Calculation of Relative Density
1.4 It is common practice in the engineering profession to
D 4643 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture)
concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) 2
Content of Soil by the Microwave Oven Method
and a unit of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate
D 4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying
systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravita-
Balances and Scales for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construc-
2
tion Material Testing
D 4959 Test Method for Determination of Water (Moisture)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.08 on Special and
Construction Control Tests.
Current edition approved December 10, 2002. Published
...
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