ASTM D5023-15

Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using very small amounts of material. The data obtained may be used for quality control, research and development as well as the establishment of optimum processing conditions.  
5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive means for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide a graphical representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting resin system), and damping behavior under specified conditions.  
5.3 This test method can be used to assess:  
5.3.1 Modulus as a function of temperature,  
5.3.2 Modulus as a function of frequency,  
5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment,  
5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping.  
5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on modulus,  
5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives which might affect processability or performance,  
5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,  
5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and  
5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.  
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, refer to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications, then the default conditions apply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the visco-elastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data generated, using three-point bending techniques, may be used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or compositions using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.  
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of polymeric material systems.  
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.  
1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differences from results observed in another study can usually be reconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data were obtained.  
1.5 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute property values.  
1.6 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This test method is e...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2015
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: D20 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: D20.10 - Mechanical Properties

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D5023-07 - Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2015
• Replaced By: ASTM D5023-23 - Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-Point Bending)
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2023
• Refers: ASTM D4000-12 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-May-2012
• Refers: ASTM D4000-11 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2011
• Refers: ASTM D4000-10a - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2010
• Refers: ASTM D4000-10 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-May-2010
• Refers: ASTM D4000-09b - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2009
• Refers: ASTM D4000-09a - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2009
• Refers: ASTM D4000-09 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Jan-2009
• Refers: ASTM D618-08 - Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2008
• Refers: ASTM D4000-08 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2008
• Refers: ASTM D4000-07 - Standard Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2007
• Refers: ASTM D4092-07 - Standard Terminology: Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2007
• Refers: ASTM D4065-06 - Standard Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2006
• Refers: ASTM D618-05 - Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5023 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-
1
Point Bending)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 Thistestmethodoutlinestheuseofdynamicmechanical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
instrumentation for determining and reporting the visco-elastic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and com-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
posite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly
or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO6721, Part 5.
generated, using three-point bending techniques, may be used
2. Referenced Documents
to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic mate-
2
rial or compositions using a variety of dynamic mechanical
2.1 ASTM Standards:
instruments.
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D4000Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for
als
determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of
D4065Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Proper-
plastics materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration tech-
ties: Determination and Report of Procedures
niques in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical
(storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus
Properties
and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechani-
ISO6721, Part 5Plastics—Determination of Dynamic Me-
cal performance of polymeric material systems.
chanical Properties Part 5: Flexural Vibration—Non-
1.3 Thistestmethodisvalidforawiderangeoffrequencies,
Resonance Method
typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.
1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained
3. Terminology
under differing experimental conditions.These apparent differ-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions applicable to this test
ences from results observed in another study can usually be
method refer to Terminology D4092.
reconciled,withoutchangingtheobserveddata,byreportingin
full (as described in this test method) the conditions under
4. Summary of Test Method
which the data were obtained.
4.1 A specimen of rectangular cross section is tested in
1.5 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data
flexure as a beam. The bar rests on two supports and is loaded
generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily
by means of a loading nose midway between the supports.
absolute property values.
Using three-point bending, the test specimen is placed in
mechanicallineardisplacementatfixedfrequencieswithlinear
1.6 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and
temperature variation or variable frequencies at isothermal
appropriate for use in engineering design.
conditions. The elastic moduli or loss moduli, or both, of the
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
polymeric material system are measured.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
NOTE2—Theparticularmethodformeasurementoftheelasticandloss
only.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD20onPlastics contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2015.PublishedJuly2015.Originallyapproved the ASTM website.
3
in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5023-07. DOI: 10.1520/ Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
D5023-15. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5023 − 15
moduli and tan delta depends upon the individual i
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5023 − 07 D5023 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-
1
Point Bending)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the visco-elastic
properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut
from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data generated, using three-point bending techniques, may be used to identify the
thermomechanical properties of a plastic material or compositions using a variety of dynamic mechanical instruments.
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics
materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus;
loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant
transitions in the thermomechanical performance of polymeric material systems.
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.
1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differences
from results observed in another study can usually be reconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting in full (as
described in this test method) the conditions under which the data were obtained.
1.5 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily absolute
property values.
1.6 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 5.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
D4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of Procedures
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 6721, Part 5 Plastics—Determination of Dynamic Mechanical Properties Part 5: Flexural Vibration—Non-Resonance
Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions applicable to this test method refer to Terminology Standard D4092.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved March 15, 2007July 1, 2015. Published April 2007July 2015. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 as
D5023 - 01.D5023 - 07. DOI: 10.1520/D5023-07.10.1520/D5023-15.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’sstandard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5023 − 15
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A specimen of rectangular cross section is tested in flexure as a beam. The bar rests on two supports and is loaded by means
of a loading nose midway between the supports. Using three-point bending, the test specimen is placed in mechanical linear
displacement at fixed frequencies and at either isothermal condi
...

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D5023 − 15
Standard Test Method for
Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (Three-
1
Point Bending)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5023; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
instrumentation for determining and reporting the visco-elastic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and com-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
posite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly
or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 6721, Part 5.
generated, using three-point bending techniques, may be used
2. Referenced Documents
to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastic mate-
2
rial or compositions using a variety of dynamic mechanical
2.1 ASTM Standards:
instruments.
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
1.2 This test method is intended to provide means for
als
determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of
D4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Proper-
plastics materials using nonresonant, forced-vibration tech-
ties: Determination and Report of Procedures
niques in accordance with Practice D4065. Plots of the elastic
D4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical
(storage) modulus; loss (viscous) modulus; complex modulus
Properties
and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechani-
ISO 6721, Part 5 Plastics—Determination of Dynamic Me-
cal performance of polymeric material systems.
chanical Properties Part 5: Flexural Vibration—Non-
1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies,
Resonance Method
typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.
1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained 3. Terminology
under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differ-
3.1 Definitions—For definitions applicable to this test
ences from results observed in another study can usually be
method refer to Terminology D4092.
reconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting in
full (as described in this test method) the conditions under
4. Summary of Test Method
which the data were obtained.
4.1 A specimen of rectangular cross section is tested in
1.5 Due to possible instrumentation compliance, the data
flexure as a beam. The bar rests on two supports and is loaded
generated are intended to indicate relative and not necessarily
by means of a loading nose midway between the supports.
absolute property values.
Using three-point bending, the test specimen is placed in
mechanical linear displacement at fixed frequencies with linear
1.6 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and
temperature variation or variable frequencies at isothermal
appropriate for use in engineering design.
conditions. The elastic moduli or loss moduli, or both, of the
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
polymeric material system are measured.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
NOTE 2—The particular method for measurement of the elastic and loss
only.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved July 1, 2015. Published July 2015. Originally approved the ASTM website.
3
in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5023 - 07. DOI: 10.1520/ Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
D5023-15. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D5023 − 15
moduli and tan delta depends upon the individual instrument’s operating
radius to avoid excessive indentation or failure
...