ASTM E2964-14
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Normalized Insertion Loss of Doors
Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Normalized Insertion Loss of Doors
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard provides a method for testing the apparent sound insulating properties of doors in the field originally proposed by Morin (1).6 This allows doors to be evaluated with a result that has been found to be similar to the transmission loss.
5.2 The results of this measurement are the normalized door insertion loss, NDIL, at individual frequencies, and the single number rating door transmission class, DTC. The insertion loss is normalized by the small change in sound level which occurs on the source side when the door is opened and closed.
5.3 Comparative measurements using this method and the method of Test Method E90 on the same door installations in a laboratory indicate good agreement between the transmission loss and normalized door insertion loss. See Appendix X1 and Ref (2).
5.4 The fixed-microphone and scanning methods have been compared in the field. See Appendix X2.
SCOPE
1.1 The sound insulation properties of a door are measured in a laboratory as the sound transmission loss in accordance with Test Method E90. Using those data single number rating sound transmission class (STC) is assigned. In the field, the rooms on one or both sides of a partition containing a door are often either too small or too large and absorptive to allow the apparent transmission loss (ATL) of the partition-door assembly to be measured. Even if that is not the case, the result measured is the composite ATL of the partition including the door, and not that of the door itself. Test Method E336 actually states that it is impossible to measure the ATL of a portion of a partition such as a door according to the procedures of that standard. This test method provides a method of evaluating doors in such cases using a normalized insertion loss with a resulting single number rating door transmission class, DTC. This method is intended primarily for hinged personnel doors with latching mechanisms and is limited to door openings of area less than 6 m2. The flanking effects of surrounding structure are reduced compared to E336 but not completely eliminated. In a laboratory environment, the DTC is close to or equal to the STC of the door, but in the field results less than the laboratory STC should be expected.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: E2964 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Measurement of the Normalized Insertion Loss of Doors
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2964; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method is part of a set of standards for evaluating the sound-insulating properties of
building elements and the sound isolation between spaces. It is designed to measure the field sound
isolation performance of doors. Others in the set cover the airborne sound transmission loss of an
isolated partition element in a controlled laboratory environment (Test Method E90), field measure-
ments of the sound isolation between rooms in buildings (Test Method E336), the laboratory
measurement of impact sound transmission through floors (Test Method E492), the measurement of
impact sound transmission in buildings (Test Method E1007), the measurement of sound transmission
through building facades and facade elements (Guide E966), and the measurement of sound
transmission through a common plenum between two rooms (Test Method E1414).
1. Scope 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 The sound insulation properties of a door are measured
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
in a laboratory as the sound transmission loss in accordance
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
with Test Method E90. Using those data single number rating
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sound transmission class (STC) is assigned. In the field, the
rooms on one or both sides of a partition containing a door are
2. Referenced Documents
often either too small or too large and absorptive to allow the
apparent transmission loss (ATL) of the partition-door assem-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bly to be measured. Even if that is not the case, the result
C634 Terminology Relating to Building and Environmental
measured is the composite ATL of the partition including the
Acoustics
door, and not that of the door itself.Test Method E336 actually
E90 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne
states that it is impossible to measure the ATL of a portion of
Sound Transmission Loss of Building Partitions and
a partition such as a door according to the procedures of that
Elements
standard. This test method provides a method of evaluating
E336 Test Method for Measurement of Airborne Sound
doors in such cases using a normalized insertion loss with a
Attenuation between Rooms in Buildings
resulting single number rating door transmission class, DTC.
E413 Classification for Rating Sound Insulation
This method is intended primarily for hinged personnel doors
E492 Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Impact
with latching mechanisms and is limited to door openings of
Sound Transmission Through Floor-Ceiling Assemblies
area less than 6 m . The flanking effects of surrounding
Using the Tapping Machine
structure are reduced compared to E336 but not completely
E966 Guide for Field Measurements of Airborne Sound
eliminated. In a laboratory environment, the DTC is close to or
Attenuation of Building Facades and Facade Elements
equal to the STC of the door, but in the field results less than
E1007 Test Method for Field Measurement of Tapping
the laboratory STC should be expected.
Machine Impact Sound Transmission Through Floor-
Ceiling Assemblies and Associated Support Structures
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this E1414 Test Method for Airborne Sound Attenuation Be-
tween Rooms Sharing a Common Ceiling Plenum
standard.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeE33onBuilding
and Environmental Acoustics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
E33.03 on Sound Transmission. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published July 2014. DOI: 10.1520/ Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
E2964-14. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E2964 − 14
2.2 ANSI Standards: equivalent in meaning to apparent sound reduction index
S1.4 Specification for Sound Level Meters (ASRI) used by ISO 16283-1:2014.
S1.10 Pressure Calibration of Laboratory Standard Pressure
3.2.2 direct transmission, n—sound that travels between a
Microphones
source and a receiving room only through the common
S1.11 Specification for Octave-Band and Fractional-Octave-
(separating) building element.
Band Analog and Digital Filters
3.2.3 door transmission class, DTC, n—a single number
S1.40 Specification and Verification Procedures for Sound
rating obtained by applying the classification procedure of
Calibrators
Classification E413 to normalized door insertion loss data.
2.3 IEC Standards:
3.2.4 normalized door insertion loss, NDIL, n—of a door
IEC 60804 Specification for Integrating-Averaging Sound
installed in a building in a specified frequency band is
Level Meters
operationally defined as
IEC 60942 Electroacoustics–Sound Calibrators
NDIL 5 L 2 L 1 L 2 L
2.4 ISO Standard: ~ rec open rec closed ! ~ source closed source open !
~ ! ~ ! ~ ! ~ !
ISO 16283-1:2014 Acoustics -- Field measurement of sound (2)
insulation in buildings and of building elements -- Part 1:
when a sound source is operated on the source side of the
Airborne sound insulation
door.
3. Terminology
where:
3.1 The following terms used in this test method have
L = the average sound pressure level on the
(rec open)
specific meanings that are defined in Terminology C634: receiving side of the door with the door
3.1.1 airbornesound;backgroundnoise;decayrate;decibel;
open,
L = the average sound pressure level due to the
diffuse sound field; field sound transmission class, FSTC; field
(rec closed)
transmission loss, FTL; flanking transmission; pink noise; source on the receiving side of the door with
the door closed,
receiving room; self-noise; sound absorption; sound attenua-
L = the average sound pressure level on the
tion; sound insulation; sound isolation; sound pressure level;
(source closed)
sound transmission loss, TL; source room source side of the door with the door closed,
and
NOTE 1—The unqualified term average sound pressure level in this
L = the average sound pressure level on the
(source open)
document means that sound pressure levels were averaged for specified
source side of the door with the door open.
periods of time.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
4. Summary of Test Method
3.2.1 apparent transmission loss, ATL, n—of a partition
4.1 The door and corresponding source and receiving rooms
installed in a building, in a specified frequency band is
are selected.
operationally defined as:
4.2 The number and location of sound sources are chosen,
S
¯ ¯
ATL 5 L 2 L 110 log (1) soundisproducedinthesourceroomandsoundpressurelevels
S D
1 2
A
are measured on each side of the door with the door both open
where:
and closed using either a fixed microphone or scanning
method.
S = the area of the partition common to both source and
receiving rooms,
4.3 The background sound is measured in the receiving
A = the sound absorption in the receiving room,
room with the source(s) off and the door closed.
¯
L = the source room average sound pressure level, and
4.4 Results and single number ratings are calculated and
¯
L = the receiving room average sound pressure level result-
reported.
ing from the combined effect of direct and flanking
transmission.
5. Significance and Use
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Throughout this test method, log is
5.1 This standard provides a method for testing the apparent
taken to mean log10, unless otherwise indicated.
sound insulating properties of doors in the field originally
3.2.1.2 Discussion—This definition attributes all the power
proposedbyMorin (1). Thisallowsdoorstobeevaluatedwith
transmitted into the receiving room, by direct and flanking
a result that has been found to be similar to the transmission
paths, to the area of the partition common to both rooms. If
loss.
flanking transmission is significant, the ATL will be less than
5.2 The results of this measurement are the normalized door
the TL for the partition. Apparent transmission loss (ATL) is
insertion loss, NDIL, at individual frequencies, and the single
numberratingdoortransmissionclass,DTC.Theinsertionloss
is normalized by the small change in sound level which occurs
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
on the source side when the door is opened and closed.
Available from International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de
Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iec.ch.
5 6
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of
la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org. this standard.
E2964 − 14
5.3 Comparative measurements using this method and the field use and transportation, manufacturer recommendations,
method of Test Method E90 on the same door installations in and history of reliability or problems as observed in prior
a laboratory indicate good agreement between the transmission calibrations.
NOTE 5—ANSI S1.10 provides more information on calibration.
loss and normalized door insertion loss. See Appendix X1 and
Ref (2).
7.2 Perform sensitivity checks of the entire measuring setup
(including the microphone, all cables, and instruments) with
5.4 The fixed-microphone and scanning methods have been
the same calibration equipment before and after the measure-
compared in the field. See Appendix X2.
ments. If the calibration values differ by more than 0.5 dB, the
6. Test Equipment
results are invalid and measurements shall be repeated.
6.1 Sound Sources and Signals—Sound sources shall be
8. Test Site and Door Conditions
loudspeaker systems driven by power amplifiers. The input
8.1 The test specimen will be a door in a partition that
signal to the amplifiers shall be random noise containing an
separates the source and receiving rooms.
approximatelycontinuousdistributionoffrequenciesovereach
test band. White or pink electronic noise sources satisfy this
8.2 Flanking transmission in the structure adjacent to the
condition.
door will be present.
NOTE 2—Ideally, loudspeaker systems should be omnidirectional. In
8.3 While this method is designed to minimize the influence
practice, using multiple driver elements to cover different frequency
of flanking, major flanking due to weakness of the partition in
ranges and placing and aiming sources into trihedral corners of the room
which the door is installed (or other paths) may influence
will normally be adequate.
results. If such is suspected, temporary improvements to the
6.1.1 The sound power of the source(s) must be sufficient to
partitionorotherpathsmaybemade.Suchimprovementsshall
raisethesignallevelinthereceivingroomwiththedoorclosed
be reported. Particular attention shall be given to identifying
far enough above background noise to meet the requirements
potential flanking paths that may be present through ducts or
of 11.8.
through plenums over acoustical ceilings.
NOTE 6—If it is desired to investigate the effect of flanking, this might
6.2 Measuring Equipment—Microphones, amplifiers, and
be done by constructing a cover over the source side of the door and
electronic circuitry to process microphone signals and perform
repeating the measurements of the receive side level with the door closed.
measurements shall satisfy the requirements of ANSI S1.4 for
A suitable cover could be a layer of gypsum spaced approximately 100
Type 1 sound level meters, except that B and C weighting
mm from the door with sound absorptive material in that cavity and the
networks are not required. edges sealed.
6.2.1 Measurement quality microphones 13 mm or smaller
8.4 Results will be influenced by the performance of the
in diameter and that are close to omnidirectional below 5000
door seals. Care shall be taken to assure the door is properly
Hz shall be used.
closed with any latch present properly latched when measure-
ments are made on the receiving side with the door closed.
NOTE3—Ifmeasurementsaretobemadeabove5000Hz,adiffuse-field
(random-incidence) microphone or corrector is preferred.
8.5 When the door is opened it shall be opened as far as
6.2.1.1 Ifmultiple microphones are used, they shall all beof
possible for each open door measurement to minimize the
the same make and model.
influence of reflections from its surface.
6.3 Bandwidth and Filtering—The measurement system
9. Door and Room Selection
filters or each test band, shall meet or exceed the specifications
9.1 When measurements are being made to evaluate the
of ANSI S1.11 for one-third-octave band filter set, class 1 or
apparent sound insulation performance of a particular door, the
better.
door may be specified by the party requesting the test. In other
6.3.1 The measurement system filters or each test band,
cases it may be necessary to select a door or number of doors
shall meet or exceed the specifications of ANSI S1.11 for
to be examined from among many. This method does not
one-third-octave band filter set, class 1 or better.
impose particular requirements on the test spaces except that it
NOTE 4—It is desirable that the frequency range be extended to include
is desirable that theATLof the partition into which the door is
at least the 100 and 5000-Hz bands as this is required to calculate
installed be significantly greater than that of the door. Thus,
octave-band results. With modern-parallel measurement instruments, no
where partitions differ, it is desirable to select doors in
extra work is required.
partitions believed to have the highest transmission loss and
6.4 Calibrators—The field calibrator used for sensitivity
least flanking transmission.
checks shall be an acoustic or electroacoustic calibrator meet-
NOTE 7—Results from a single field test of a door should not be used
ing class 1 requirements of ANSI S1.40 or IEC 60942.
to represent performance of similar or nominally identical doors. If the
door has acoustical seals, the DTC rating can vary widely depending upon
7. Cal
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