iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM B645-10(2015)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Linear-Elastic Plane–Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys

Standard Practice for Linear-Elastic Plane–Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys may be used as a supplement to Test Method E399. The application of this practice is primarily intended for quality assurance and material release in cases where valid plane-strain fracture toughness data cannot be obtained per Test Method E399.  
5.2 It must be understood that the interpretations and guidelines in this practice do not alter the validity requirements of Test Method E399 or promote the designation of data that are invalid according to Test Method E399 to a “valid” condition. This practice is primarily concerned with cases where it is not possible or practical to obtain valid data, but where material release judgments must be made against specified fracture toughness values. Where it is possible to obtain a valid plane-strain fracture toughness value by replacement testing according to Test Method E399, that is the preferred approach.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is applicable to the fracture toughness testing of all aluminum alloys, tempers, and products, especially in cases where the tests are being made to establish whether or not individual lots meet the requirements of specifications and should be released to customers.  
1.2 Test Method E399 is the basic test method to be used for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys. The purpose of this practice is to provide supplementary information for plane-strain fracture toughness of aluminum alloys in three main areas:  
1.2.1 Specimen sampling,  
1.2.2 Specimen size selection, and  
1.2.3 Interpretation of invalid test results.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—Certain inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard is currently written to accommodate only C(T) specimens.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Nov-2015
ICS
77.120.10 - Aluminium and aluminium alloys
Technical Committee
B07 - Light Metals and Alloys
Drafting Committee
B07.05 - Testing
Current Stage
Ref Project

Buy Standard

ASTM B645-10(2015) - Standard Practice for Linear-Elastic Plane–Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum AlloysASTM B645-10(2015) - Standard Practice for Linear-Elastic Plane–Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM B645-10(2015) - Standard Practice for Linear-Elastic Plane–Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys
English language
6 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview
REDLINE ASTM B645-10(2015) - Standard Practice for Linear-Elastic Plane–Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum AlloysREDLINE ASTM B645-10(2015) - Standard Practice for Linear-Elastic Plane–Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys
PreviousNext
Standard
REDLINE ASTM B645-10(2015) - Standard Practice for Linear-Elastic Plane–Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys
English language
6 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B645 − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Linear-Elastic Plane–Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of
Aluminum Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Linear-elastic plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys is performed essentially in
accordance with Test Method E399. However, there is a need, in the application of Test Method E399
for quality assurance testing, to deal with the interpretation of the results for material qualification and
release in cases where all requirements for valid measurements of plane-strain fracture toughness
cannot be met. It is the purpose of this practice to provide consistent methods of dealing with those
situations.
1. Scope* priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This practice is applicable to the fracture toughness
testing of all aluminum alloys, tempers, and products, espe-
2. Referenced Documents
cially in cases where the tests are being made to establish
whether or not individual lots meet the requirements of 2.1 ASTM Standards:
specifications and should be released to customers. B646 Practice for Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum
Alloys
1.2 TestMethodE399isthebasictestmethodtobeusedfor
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
plane-strainfracturetoughnesstestingofaluminumalloys.The
Determine Conformance with Specifications
purpose of this practice is to provide supplementary informa-
E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture
tion for plane-strain fracture toughness of aluminum alloys in
Toughness K of Metallic Materials
Ic
three main areas:
E561 Test Method forK-R Curve Determination
1.2.1 Specimen sampling,
E1823 TerminologyRelatingtoFatigueandFractureTesting
1.2.2 Specimen size selection, and
1.2.3 Interpretation of invalid test results.
3. Terminology
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 General—Terms, definitions, symbols, and orientation
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
designations in Test Method E399 and Terminology E1823 are
standard.
applicable herein.
1.3.1 Exception—Certain inch-pound values given in paren-
theses are provided for information only. 3.2 Definitions:The following additional definitions are ap-
plicable:
1.4 This standard is currently written to accommodate only
3.2.1 invalid plane-strain fracture toughness—test result,
C(T) specimens.
K ,thatdoesnotmeetoneormoreofthevalidityrequirements
Q
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
in Test Method E399 and, where so characterized, is of no
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
value in judging the true plain-strain fracture toughness of a
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
material but may, under certain conditions, adequately guaran-
tee the material’s fracture toughness for lot release purposes.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.05 on
Testing. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015. Published December 2015. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as B645 – 10. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/B0645-10R15. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B645 − 10 (2015)
3.2.2 valid plane-strain, fracture toughness—test result 8. Test Specimen Configuration and Dimensions
meetingallthevalidityrequirementsinTestMethodE399,that
8.1 Specimen size requirements stated in the individual
is, a value of K .
Ic
material specifications shall be followed. In the absence of
specific requirements, the specimen types, general
4. Summary of Practice
configuration, and size requirements in Test Method E399 are
4.1 This practice supplements Test Method E399 and Prac-
applicable herein with the following supplemental recommen-
tice B646 in three main areas:
dations and requirements:
4.1.1 Specimen sampling,
8.1.1 For aluminum products, the recommended minimum
4.1.2 Specimen size selection, and
specimen ligament length is:
4.1.3 Interpretation of results that fail the validity require-
K
Q
ments in Test Method E399 in one of the following areas in
W 2 a $5· (1)
~ ! S D
σ
YS
order to determine if the invalid results are usable for lot
rather than the required minimum of:
release:
K
Q
4.1.3.1 P /P requirements,
max Q
W 2 a $ 2.5· (2)
~ ! S D
σ
YS
4.1.3.2 Specimen size requirements, and
in Test Method E399.
4.1.3.3 Fatigue precracking requirements.
NOTE 2—Experimental studies have shown that more uniform values
of K are obtained for high toughness aluminum alloys when the
Q
5. Significance and Use
conditions of Eq 1 are met.
5.1 This practice for plane-strain fracture toughness testing
8.1.2 In all cases, the specimen W/B ratio shall be greater
of aluminum alloys may be used as a supplement to Test
than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4 based on nominal
Method E399. The application of this practice is primarily
specimen dimensions. Other specimen dimensional propor-
intended for quality assurance and material release in cases
tions in Test Method E399 shall also be maintained.
where valid plane-strain fracture toughness data cannot be
NOTE 3—Specimens meeting this requirement correspond to the stan-
obtained per Test Method E399.
dard (W/B = 2) or alternative specimen geometries (2 ≤ W/B ≤ 4) in Test
5.2 It must be understood that the interpretations and
Method E399.
guidelines in this practice do not alter the validity requirements
8.1.3 When the minimum size requirement of:
of Test Method E399 or promote the designation of data that
K
Q
are invalid according to Test Method E399 to a “valid”
W 2 a $ 2.5·
~ ! S D
σ
YS
condition. This practice is primarily concerned with cases
in Test Method E399 cannot be met due to product dimen-
where it is not possible or practical to obtain valid data, but
sional constraints, the specimen shall be machined such that
where material release judgments must be made against
the W dimension is maximized to the nearest 12.7 mm (0.5
specified fracture toughness values. Where it is possible to
in.) at the specified test location while still meeting the re-
obtain a valid plane-strain fracture toughness value by replace-
quirements of 8.1.2 up to the specimen width required in the
ment testing according to Test Method E399, that is the
applicable material specification, or if no width is specified,
preferred approach.
up to an upper required limit of 127 mm (5.0 in.).
NOTE 4—It is not practical for W to vary continuously (that is,
6. Apparatus
non-discretely) since many C(T) specimen dimensions are proportional to
6.1 All apparatus shall be in conformance withTest Method
W. Each change in W requires a different machining or testing setup.
Therefore, it is required that W be maximized to the nearest 12.7 mm (0.5
E399.
in.).
7. Sampling
8.1.4 When the requirement P /P ≤ 1.1 cannot be met
max Q
due to product dimensional constraints, the specimen shall be
7.1 Sampling requirements stated in the individual material
machined such that the B dimension is maximized up to a
specifications shall be followed. In the absence of specific
required maximum thickness of 63.5 mm (2.5 in.) at the
requirements in the individual material specifications, speci-
specifiedtestlocation.Thespecimenligamentlengthshouldbe
mens shall be taken at the following locations:
maintained at:
7.1.1 Specimens from plate shall be from the mid-thickness,
until the plate thickness is twice the standard specimen
K
Q
W 2 a $ 2.5· (3)
~ ! S D
thickness for that particular product (that is, the specimen
σ
YS
thickness selected for lot release and quality assurance testing or as large as possible while still meeting the requirements
of 8.1.2, up to the specimen width required in the applicable
which typically yields a valid K for that particular alloy and
Ic
material specification, or if no width is specified, up to an
product), at and beyond which the specimen shall be centered
upper required limit of 127 mm (5.0 in.).
at the quarter-thickness location.
NOTE 5—The upper limit on specimen thickness and width have been
7.1.2 Specimens from forgings, extrusions, and rod shall be
established because of practical limitations on how large a specimen can
taken from the center of the cross section as far as is practical.
NOTE 1—Considerable care should be taken in specifying the location
of specimens within the thickness of the thick plate, forgings, extrusions,
Kaufman, J. G., “Experience in Plane Strain Fracture Toughness per ASTM
or rod because fracture toughness may vary appreciably with location E399,” Developments in Fracture Mechanics Test Methods Standardization, ASTM
through the thickness. STP 632, ASTM, 1977, pp. 3-24.
B645 − 10 (2015)
be routinely machined and tested for lot release purposes in a production
provided that each invalidity meets all of the secondary
environment using standard equipment. The producer may test thicker
conditions in 11.4, 11.5, and 11.6.
and/o
...


This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B645 − 10 B645 − 10 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Linear-Elastic Plane–Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of
Aluminum Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B645; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
INTRODUCTION
Linear-elastic plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys is performed essentially in
accordance with Test Method E399. However, there is a need, in the application of Test Method E399
for quality assurance testing, to deal with the interpretation of the results for material qualification and
release in cases where all requirements for valid measurements of plane-strain fracture toughness
cannot be met. It is the purpose of this practice to provide consistent methods of dealing with those
situations.
1. Scope*
1.1 This practice is applicable to the fracture toughness testing of all aluminum alloys, tempers, and products, especially in cases
where the tests are being made to establish whether or not individual lots meet the requirements of specifications and should be
released to customers.
1.2 Test Method E399 is the basic test method to be used for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys. The
purpose of this practice is to provide supplementary information for plane-strain fracture toughness of aluminum alloys in three
main areas:
1.2.1 Specimen sampling,
1.2.2 Specimen size selection, and
1.2.3 Interpretation of invalid test results.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3.1 Exception—Certain inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.4 This standard is currently written to accommodate only C(T) specimens.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B646 Practice for Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications
E399 Test Method for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness K of Metallic Materials
Ic
E561 Test Method forK-R Curve Determination
E1823 Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.05 on Testing.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2015. Published August 2010December 2015. Originally approved in 1978. Last previous edition approved in 20072010
as B645B645 – 10.–07. DOI: 10.1520/B0645-10.10.1520/B0645-10R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B645 − 10 (2015)
3. Terminology
3.1 General—Terms, definitions, symbols, and orientation designations in Test Method E399 and Terminology E1823 are
applicable herein.
3.2 Definitions:The following additional definitions are applicable:
3.2.1 invalid plane-strain fracture toughness—test result, K , that does not meet one or more of the validity requirements in Test
Q
Method E399 and, where so characterized, is of no value in judging the true plain-strain fracture toughness of a material but may,
under certain conditions, adequately guarantee the material’s fracture toughness for lot release purposes.
3.2.2 valid plane-strain, fracture toughness—test result meeting all the validity requirements in Test Method E399, that is, a
value of K .
Ic
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 This practice supplements Test Method E399 and Practice B646 in three main areas:
4.1.1 Specimen sampling,
4.1.2 Specimen size selection, and
4.1.3 Interpretation of results that fail the validity requirements in Test Method E399 in one of the following areas in order to
determine if the invalid results are usable for lot release:
4.1.3.1 P /P requirements,
max Q
4.1.3.2 Specimen size requirements, and
4.1.3.3 Fatigue precracking requirements.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys may be used as a supplement to Test Method
E399. The application of this practice is primarily intended for quality assurance and material release in cases where valid
plane-strain fracture toughness data cannot be obtained per Test Method E399.
5.2 It must be understood that the interpretations and guidelines in this practice do not alter the validity requirements of Test
Method E399 or promote the designation of data that are invalid according to Test Method E399 to a “valid” condition. This
practice is primarily concerned with cases where it is not possible or practical to obtain valid data, but where material release
judgments must be made against specified fracture toughness values. Where it is possible to obtain a valid plane-strain fracture
toughness value by replacement testing according to Test Method E399, that is the preferred approach.
6. Apparatus
6.1 All apparatus shall be in conformance with Test Method E399.
7. Sampling
7.1 Sampling requirements stated in the individual material specifications shall be followed. In the absence of specific
requirements in the individual material specifications, specimens shall be taken at the following locations:
7.1.1 Specimens from plate shall be from the mid-thickness, until the plate thickness is twice the standard specimen thickness
for that particular product (that is, the specimen thickness selected for lot release and quality assurance testing which typically
yields a valid K for that particular alloy and product), at and beyond which the specimen shall be centered at the quarter-thickness
Ic
location.
7.1.2 Specimens from forgings, extrusions, and rod shall be taken from the center of the cross section as far as is practical.
NOTE 1—Considerable care should be taken in specifying the location of specimens within the thickness of the thick plate, forgings, extrusions, or rod
because fracture toughness may vary appreciably with location through the thickness.
8. Test Specimen Configuration and Dimensions
8.1 Specimen size requirements stated in the individual material specifications shall be followed. In the absence of specific
requirements, the specimen types, general configuration, and size requirements in Test Method E399 are applicable herein with the
following supplemental recommendations and requirements:
8.1.1 For aluminum products, the recommended minimum specimen ligament length is:
K
Q
~W 2 a! $ 5· (1)
S D
σ
YS
rather than the required minimum of:
K
Q
W 2 a $ 2.5· (2)
~ ! S D
σ
YS
in Test Method E399.
B645 − 10 (2015)
NOTE 2—Experimental studies have shown that more uniform values of K are obtained for high toughness aluminum alloys when the conditions of
Q
Eq 1 are met.
8.1.2 In all cases, the specimen W/B ratio shall be greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 4 based on nominal
specimen dimensions. Other specimen dimensional proportions in Test Method E399 shall also be maintained.
NOTE 3—Specimens meeting this requirement correspond to the standard (W/B = 2) or alternative specimen geometries (2 ≤ W/B ≤ 4) in Test Method
E399.
8.1.3 When the minimum size requirement of:
K
Q
W 2 a $ 2.5·
~ ! S D
σ
YS
in Test Method E399 cannot be met due to product dimensional constraints, the specimen shall be machined such that the W
dimension is maximized to the nearest 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) at the specified test location while still meeting the requirements of
8.1.2 up to the specimen width required in the applicable material specification, or if no width is specified, up to an upper
required limit of 127 mm (5.0 in.).
NOTE 4—It is not practical for W to vary continuously (that is, non-discretely) since many C(T) specimen dimensions are proportional to W. Each
change in W requires a different machining or testing setup. Therefore, it is required that W be maximized to the nearest 12.7 mm (0.5 in.).
8.1.4 When the requirement P /P ≤ 1.1 cannot be met due to product dimensional constraints, the specimen shall be
max Q
machined such that the B dimension is maximized up to a required maximum thickness of 63.5 mm (2.5 in.) at the specified test
location. The specimen ligament length should be maintained at:
K
Q
~W 2 a! $ 2.5· (3)
S D
σ
YS
or as large as possible while still meeting the requirements of 8.1.2, up to the specimen width required in the applicable mate-
rial specification, or if no width is specified, up to an upper required limit of 127 mm (5.0 in.).
NOTE 5—The upper limit on specimen thickness and width have been established because of practical limitations on how large a specimen can be
routinely machined and tested for lot release purposes in a production environment using standard equipment. The producer may test thicker and/or wider
specimens provided the testing capability and sufficient material are available, and the specimen proportions adhere to the requirements in 8.1.2.
8.
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM B998-17(2024)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) of Aluminum Alloy Castings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 HIP of castings should be performed in the as cast condition. Post HIP inspection of castings should result in a reduction of porosity that is evident in x-ray grade and properties.  
4.2 HIP will not eliminate inclusions or surface-connected porosity in a casting.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers requirements for hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of aluminum alloy castings. HIPing is a process in which components are subjected to the simultaneous application of heat and high pressure in an inert gas medium. The process is to be used for the reduction of internal (non-surface connected) porosity. The document is to describe the general parameters of the HIP process, describe certification procedures and a description that the process has been followed. It is not intended to be a description of a heat treating procedure. This is not meant to supersede an end user’s specification where one exists.2  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B317/B317M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Aluminum-Alloy Extruded Bar, Rod, Tube, Pipe, Structural Profiles, and Profiles for Electrical Purposes (Bus Conductor)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers 6101 aluminum-alloy extruded bar, rod, tube, pipe, (Schedules 40 and 80), structural profiles, and profiles in selected tempers for use as electric conductors. The bars, rods, tubes, pipes, structural profiles and profiles shall be produced by hot extrusion or by similar methods. Pipe or tube may be produced through porthole or bridge type dies. Tensile properties of the specimens such as tensile and yield strengths and bending shall be determined by tension test and bending test, respectively. Electrical resistivity and conductivity shall be determined.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers 6101 aluminum-alloy extruded bar, rod, tube, pipe, (Schedules 40 and 80), structural profiles, and profiles in selected tempers for use as electric conductors as follows:  
1.1.1 Type B—Hot-finished bar, rod, tube, pipe, structural profiles and profiles in T6, T61, T63, T64, T65, and H111 tempers with Type B tolerances, as shown in the “List of ANSI Tables of Dimensional Tolerances.”  
1.1.2 Type C—Hot-finished rectangular bar in T6, T61, T63, T64, T65, and H111 tempers with Type C tolerances as listed in the tolerances and permissible variations tables.  
1.2 Alloy and temper designations are in accordance with ANSI H35.1. The equivalent Unified Numbering System alloy designation in accordance with Practice E527 is A96101 for Alloy 6101.  
Note 1: Type A material, last covered in the 1966 issue of this specification, is no longer available; therefore, requirements for cold-finished rectangular bar have been deleted.  
1.3 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B648-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Aluminum Alloys by Means of a Barcol Impressor

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Barcol Impressor is portable and therefore useful for in situ determination of the hardness of fabricated parts and individual test specimens for production control purposes.  
4.2 This test method should be used only as cited in applicable material specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of indentation hardness of aluminum alloys using a Barcol Impressor.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Some Barcol Impressors are for use on plastics and are not included in this test method and should not be used for aluminum alloys.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B647-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Aluminum Alloys by Means of a Webster Hardness Gage

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The Webster hardness gage is portable and therefore useful for in situ determination of the hardness of fabricated parts and individual test specimens for production control purposes. It is not as sensitive as Rockwell or Brinell hardness machines; see 10.2.  
4.2 This test method should be used only as cited in applicable material specifications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of indentation hardness of aluminum alloys with a Webster hardness gage, Model B.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: Two other models, A and B-75, are in use, but are not covered in this test method. Model A does not provide numerical values of hardness and Model B-75 covers only a part of the range of interest for aluminum alloys.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B645-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Linear-Elastic Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys may be used as a supplement to Test Method E399. The application of this practice is primarily intended for quality assurance and material release in cases where valid plane-strain fracture toughness data cannot be obtained per Test Method E399.  
5.2 It must be understood that the interpretations and guidelines in this practice do not alter the validity requirements of Test Method E399 or promote the designation of data that are invalid according to Test Method E399 to a “valid” condition. This practice is primarily concerned with cases where it is not possible or practical to obtain valid data, but where material release judgments must be made against specified fracture toughness values. Where it is possible to obtain a valid plane-strain fracture toughness value by replacement testing according to Test Method E399, that is the preferred approach.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is applicable to the fracture toughness testing of all aluminum alloys, tempers, and products, especially in cases where the tests are being made to establish whether or not individual lots meet the requirements of specifications and should be released to customers.  
1.2 Test Method E399 is the basic test method to be used for plane-strain fracture toughness testing of aluminum alloys. The purpose of this practice is to provide supplementary information for plane-strain fracture toughness of aluminum alloys in three main areas:  
1.2.1 Specimen sampling,  
1.2.2 Specimen size selection, and  
1.2.3 Interpretation of invalid test results.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3.1 Exception—Certain inch-pound values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.4 This standard is currently written to accommodate only C(T) specimens.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    6 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B945-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Aluminum Alloy Extrusions Press Cooled from an Elevated Temperature Shaping Process for Production of T1, T2, T5 and T10-Type Tempers

ABSTRACT
This practice establishes the controls necessary for production of extrusions cooled from an elevated temperature shaping (extrusion) process for the production of T1, T2, T5 and T10–type tempers. The equipment shall be used for billet preheating, extruding and quenching. Quenching methods may consist of, but are not limited to, air, water or water/glycol mixture in forced air, water spray, fog or mist, standing wave, a quench tank or another pressurized water device, or a combination thereof. Surveillance tests should include tensile properties for all material and metallographic examination to confirm that the elevated temperature shaping process has not resulted in eutectic melting or subsurface porosity from hydrogen diffusion. Specimens shall be sectioned in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the extrusion, polished to an appropriate fineness, mildly etched with an etchant such as Keller’s reagent to reveal any evidence of eutectic melting. Specimens shall also be subjected to tension and hardness tests. During the extrusion process, the following temperature measuring points should be monitored and controlled as per the producer’s internal procedures. The measuring points include but are not limited to: billet or log temperature in the heating equipment, billet or log temperature after heating and before charging into the extrusion press, temperature of the extrudate at the press exit, temperature of the extrudate at quench entry, temperature of the extrudate at the completion of quench, and billet temperature shall not exceed the maximum temperature for the alloy. Artificial aging shall be accomplished using times and temperatures as necessary to achieve required properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the controls necessary for production of extrusions cooled from an elevated temperature shaping (extrusion) process for the production of T1, T2, T5 and T10-type tempers (see ANSI H35.1/H35.1M).  
1.2 This practice is for production of extruded product supplied in the 6xxx and 7xxx alloys shown in Table 1 in the T1, T2, T5 or T10-type tempers (see ANSI H35.1/H35.1M). It contains pertinent information to be used in establishing production practices and is descriptive rather than prescriptive. For the attainment of T3, T4, T6, T7, T8 and T9-type tempers by extrusion press solution heat treatment, refer to Practice B807/B807M.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B807/B807M-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Extrusion Press Solution Heat Treatment for Aluminum Alloys

ABSTRACT
This practice covers the controls required and standards for extrusion press solution heat treatment for 6xxx and 7xxx series aluminum alloys. For alloys such as 6005, 6005A and 6105 alloys, this practice is an alternative to solution heat treatment in a furnace. This practice only applies to extrusion press solution heat treatment for aluminum alloys and does not cover precipitation hardening (aging) processing. The alloy billets shall be preheated prior to being extruded. Heating methods shall include, but not limited to, induction, flame impingement, or forced air. Pertinent control points shall include billet or log temperature in the heating equipment, billet temperature upon being charged into the press container, container temperature, ram speed, profile configuration, extrudate temperature upon exiting the press platen, extrudate temperature at quench entry, quench media temperature, and quench rate.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes the controls required for extrusion press solution heat treatment of the 6xxx and 7xxx series aluminum alloys in Table 1 when ASTM material specifications allow use of this process in lieu of furnace solution heat treatment. For the alloys listed in Table 1, this practice is an alternate process to solution heat treatment in a furnace, such as specified in Practice B918/B918M for the attainment of T3, T4, T6, T7, T8, and T9-type tempers (see ANSI H35.1/H35.1M).  
1.2 This practice applies only to extrusion press solution heat treatment for aluminum alloys. Precipitation hardening (aging) and annealing processing and equipment calibration shall meet the practice and requirements of Practice B918/B918M.  
1.3 The values stated in either Metric SI units or US Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. The Metric SI units are shown in brackets or in separate tables. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B646-19(Practice)
Standard Practice for Fracture Toughness Testing of Aluminum Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice is provided to develop and maintain uniformity in practices for the evaluation of the toughness of aluminum alloys, particularly with regard to supplier qualification, quality assurance, and material release to specifications.  
5.2 It is emphasized that the use of these procedures will not alter the validity of data determined with specific test methods, but provides guidance in the interpretation of test results (valid or invalid) and guidance in the selection of a reasonable test procedure in those instances where no standard exists today.
SCOPE
1.1 Fracture toughness is a key property for a number of aluminum alloys utilized in aerospace and process industries. Fracture toughness testing is often required for supplier qualification, quality control, and material release purposes. The purpose of this practice is to provide uniform test procedures for the industry, pointing out which current standards are utilized in specific cases, and providing guidelines where no standards exist. This practice provides guidance for testing (a) sheet and other products having a specified thickness less than 6.35 mm (0.250 in.), (b) intermediate thicknesses of plate, forgings, and extrusions that are too thin for valid plane-strain fracture toughness testing but too thick for treatment as sheet, such as products having a specified thickness greater than or equal to 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) but less than 25 to 50 mm (1 to 2 in.), depending on toughness level, and (c) relatively thick products where Test Method E399 is applicable.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in inch-pound units given in parenthesis are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    5 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B37-18(Specification)
Standard Specification for Aluminum for Use in Iron and Steel Manufacture

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for ingot, bar, rod, cone, nugget or shot aluminum and aluminum alloys proposed for use in manufacturing iron and steel. Each sample shall conform to the chemical composition limits enlisted herein. Test samples can be taken at the time the ingots, bars, rods, cones, nuggets or shots are produced or from the finished product.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers aluminum-alloy deoxidizing products of all compositions in the form of ingots, bars, rods, cones, nuggets, shot, or stars, for use in the manufacture of iron and steel. Six of the most commonly used deoxidizing product compositions are designated as shown in Table 1. (A) Analysis shall be made only for copper, zinc, magnesium, silicon, and iron unless the determination of additional elements is required by the contract or order, or the presence of other elements in substantial concentration is indicated during the course of the analysis. In the latter case, the amount of these other elements shall be determined, reported, and the total of copper, zinc, magnesium, silicon, iron, and “other elements” shall not exceed the specified amount prescribed in the last column of the table. Unless otherwise specified in the contract or order, 0.2 % or more of any “other element” shall constitute a “substantial concentration” and require that element to be reported.(B) The following applies to all specified limits in this table: For purposes of determining conformance to these limits, an observed value or a calculated value obtained from analysis shall be rounded to the nearest unit in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the specified limit in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM B998-17(2024)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) of Aluminum Alloy Castings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 HIP of castings should be performed in the as cast condition. Post HIP inspection of castings should result in a reduction of porosity that is evident in x-ray grade and properties.  
4.2 HIP will not eliminate inclusions or surface-connected porosity in a casting.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers requirements for hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of aluminum alloy castings. HIPing is a process in which components are subjected to the simultaneous application of heat and high pressure in an inert gas medium. The process is to be used for the reduction of internal (non-surface connected) porosity. The document is to describe the general parameters of the HIP process, describe certification procedures and a description that the process has been followed. It is not intended to be a description of a heat treating procedure. This is not meant to supersede an end user’s specification where one exists.2  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off