ASTM F2008-00
(Guide)Standard Guide for Qualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance
Standard Guide for Qualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitative performance parameters for full-scale oil spill removal systems or individual components of those systems. It is intended to complement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F 631.
1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oil spill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet their needs and expectations.
1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation that could vary widely when completed by different organizations. As such, its main use would be as a means of comparing different skimmers for a particular organization or application.
1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would apply to a particular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Prior to using this guide, users should carefully review the entire contents and note those areas that are most important to their needs. In particular, qualitative evaluation of items such as workmanship of construction may not be applicable to prototype skimmers.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section .
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Designation:F2008–00
Standard Guide for
Qualitative Observations of Skimmer Performance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 2008; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Terminology
1.1 This guide covers evaluating a number of qualitative 3.1 Definitions:
performanceparametersforfull-scaleoilspillremovalsystems 3.1.1 production skimmer—full-scale device supplied for
or individual components of those systems. It is intended to testing and indicated by the manufacturer to be commercially
complement the quantitative testing covered in Guide F 631. available.
1.2 This guide is intended for potential purchasers of oil 3.1.2 prototype skimmer—deviceindicatedbythedeveloper
spill removal equipment to ensure that suppliers meet their or manufacturer, or both, as being in the developmental stage
needs and expectations. and not for sale on the commercial market.
1.3 This guide requires a subjective evaluation that could 3.1.3 qualitative performance data—characteristics re-
vary widely when completed by different organizations. As corded during the evaluation period other than those specified
such, its main use would be as a means of comparing different by Guide F 631.
skimmers for a particular organization or application.
4. Significance and Use
1.4 Not all of the items in this guide would apply to a
particular skimmer or to a particular cleanup application. Prior 4.1 This guide provides procedures enabling the recording
of qualitative performance information under controlled test
to using this guide, users should carefully review the entire
contents and note those areas that are most important to their conditions. This information can be used together with quan-
titative data to comprehensively evaluate a particular spill
needs. In particular, qualitative evaluation of items such as
workmanship of construction may not be applicable to proto- removal device or as a means of comparing two or more
devices.
type skimmers.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.2 Although the qualitative assessment described in this
guidecanbesomewhatsubjective,itisanimportantpartofthe
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
overall evaluation of a spill removal device. This guide covers
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- performancefactorsotherthanrecoveryrateandefficiencythat
will affect the device’s performance in an actual spill. Their
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety
precautions are given in Section 9. considerationallowsthecomprehensiveevaluationorcompari-
son of spill removal devices.
2. Referenced Documents
4.3 Caution must be exercised whenever test data are used
2.1 ASTM Standards: to predict performance in actual spill situations as the uncon-
F 625 Practice for Classifying Water Bodies for Spill Con- trolled environmental conditions that affect performance in the
trol Systems field are rarely identical to conditions in the test tank.
F 631 Guide for Collecting Skimmer Performance Data in 4.4 Portions of this guide are specifically intended for
Controlled Environments skimmers with hydraulic power supplies. This is not intended
F 1607 Guide for Reporting of Test Performance Data for to limit application of this guide to skimmers with other power
Oil Spill Response Pumps supplies such as electric or pneumatic.
5. Summary of Guide
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
5.1 The spill removal device may be tested in a wave/tow
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
tank, flume or other facility that is suitable for observing and
F20.12 on Removal.
recording appropriate operational performance factors. Signifi-
Current edition approved March 10, 2000. Published May 2000.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
cant testing results can be obtained using simple test tanks or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2008–00
ponds,particularlywhencalmwater,stationaryorlowvelocity 9. Safety Precautions
advancing tests are desired as an economical means to screen
9.1 Test operations shall conform to established safety and
or compare devices.
regulatory requirements for test facility operations and test
5.2 It is essential that the test device be operated in a
fluid handling. Particular caution must be exercised when
steady-state condition during the evaluation period so that
handling flammable or toxic test fluids, refueling motors, and
operational performance factors can be consistently monitored,
deploying and retrieving test devices from the test tank.
evaluated and recorded.
9.2 Test operations shall also employ the safety precautions
5.3 Examination of qualitative performance factors can be
recommended by the manufacturers of devices and equipment
obtained at any of the facilities described above and will entail employed during testing.
assessment before, during and after quantitative testing.
10. Equipment Operation
6. Interferences
10.1 The test device shall be deployed in accordance with
facility operating characteristics.
6.1 The reporting of results shall address the possibility of
test facility effects. For example, wall effects may interfere 10.2 The device must be operated in accordance with the
manufacturer’s specified operating instructions with respect to
hydrodynamically with the performance of a device.
mechanical operations, safety, and established maintenance
6.2 Care should be taken so that any containment apparatus
routines. A representative of the manufacturer should be
not designed specifically for the skimming device does not
invited to participate in the initial setup and training of testing
affect the distribution of test fluid to the device or its ability to
personnel.
recoverthetestslick.Similarly,skimmersshouldbetetheredin
10.3 Modifications to the device prior to or during the
a way that does not interfere with performance.
courseoftestingshouldnotbedoneexceptinconsultationwith
the manufacturer.
7. Test Facilities
10.4 Modifications to the device, in any form that differs
7.1 Several types of test facilities can be used to carry out
from the supplied test device, shall be recorded with the test
the performance evaluations outlined in this guide.
results.
7.1.1 Wave/Tow Tank—A wave/tow tank has a movable
bridge or other mechanism for towing the test device through
11. Test Variables and Qualitative Performance Factors
water for the length of the facility. A wave generator may be
11.1 The test evaluator shall review and indicate the perfor-
installed on one end, or on the side of the facility, or both.
mance factors and methods selected for evaluation.
7.1.2 Current Tank—A current tank is a water-filled tank
11.2 Qualitative performance evaluation should be con-
equipped with a pump or other propulsion system for moving
ducted coincident with quantitative testing. Quantitative test
the water through a test section where the test device is
procedures should be followed as specified in 12.1 to 12.4 of
mounted.Awavegeneratormaybeinstalledonthistypeoftest
Guide F 631 for the operation of the test tank, distribution of
facility.
test fluid, and collection of numerical data.
7.1.3 Otherfacilities,suchasprivateponds,tanks,orflumes
may also be used, provided the test parameters can be suitably
12. Pre-Deployment
controlled.
12.1 Prior to testing:
7.2 Ancillary systems for facilities include, but are not
12.1.1 Review the manufacturer’s reference materials and
limited to, a distribution system for accurately delivering test
all items received for testing.
fluids to the water surface, skimming systems to assist in
12.1.2 Verify that supplied components, including fittings,
cleaning the facility between tests, and adequate tankage for
hoses and materials, are in accordance with the manufacturer’s
storing the test fluids.
specifications.Any adaptations to meet the requirements of the
7.3 Additional capabilities at the test facility should also
test facility should be noted.
include: the space, materials and tools necessary to effect
12.1.3 Record in detail all significant differences between
assembly, maintenance and minor repairs of test devices; the
the technical specifications of the model tested and those of
means to safely lift test devices for deployment and retrieval;
production models.
and platforms and walkways to facilitate observation, sam-
12.1.4 Mathematically compute the power balance of major
pling, and written, photographic and video recording.
components to determine if the drive provided by the prime
7.4 These qualitative observations can be made during
mover adequately serves the power needs of the pump,
quantitative testing in accordance with Guide F 631, or in the
recovery mechanism and other components. Provide specific
field during exercises and response operations provided that
computations, if possible, indicating total brake horsepower
appropriate records are kept.
available and needed, system hydraulic pressure, hydraulic
fluid flow rate, and operating temperature range.
8. Test Fluids
12.1.5 If the skimmer being tested is designed to operate as
8.1 Test fluids for use with this guide should be selected to acompletesystemthedeviceshouldbepresentedfortestingas
fall within the parameters of those listed in Guide F 631.These a 100 % complete system with all of the necessary items for
test fluids may be crude, refined, or simulated. deployment and operation.
F2008–00
12.1.6 List any required modifications necessary to inte- 12.4 Manufacturer Representation and Support Services—
grate components and render the system fully functional for Record and verify the terms and conditions of the warranty,
testing. and the availability of parts and service within the region. List
all support services available through the manufacturer or
12.2 Reference Materials:
regional distributor.
12.2.1 List all documents received with the skimming
12.5 Owners Survey—For tests warranting a detailed as-
system, and assess operation manuals for content, clarity, and
sessment of operational and mechanical reliability, conduct a
practicality of use.
survey of past and present owners of the system being tested;
12.2.1.1 Note the use of clearly-labeled graphics and pho-
this will provide a comprehensive account of performance to
tographs.
complement results achieved during short-term tank testing.
12.2.1.2 Incaseswherethedocumentationisatranslationof
12.6 Existing Test Reports—Prior to testing, obtain and
the original, note any areas of confusion or contradiction and
review any previously written evaluations of the test device,
be alert for any possible errors.
paying particular attention to test fluid types, methodologies,
12.2.1.3 Indicate the inclusion of an index, organization of
and qualitative/quantitative assessment criteria utilized. Where
thedocuments,qualityofprintandinstructionswhichfacilitate
possible, consult with operational groups on short- and long-
use of documents for reference purposes.
term findings relevant to the subject areas covered in this
12.2.1.4 Determine if a concise, all-weather field guide is
Guide.
available.
12.2.1.5 Ensure that operational and safety placards are 13. Construction and Assembly
appropriate, match operating procedures, and protect the op-
13.1 Duringinitialassemblyandset-up,evaluatetheoverall
erator.
quality of construction and design, materials and fittings,
12.3 Record whether the following items are satisfactorily
overall ruggedness, assembly, and maintenance and repair.
addressed:
13.2 Overall Quality of Construction and Design—Test
12.3.1 Components:
personnel should be critical of any design features that could
12.3.1.1 Complete listing of all components for specific result in diminished skimmer performance or operator control.
model provided, Pay particular attention to features that could create a safety
hazard for operators or others working in the immediate
12.3.1.2 Technical specifications, and
vicinity such as exposed rotating parts, or hot surfaces.
12.3.1.3 Spare parts list.
13.2.1 Assess the overall quality of workmanship of the
12.3.2 Assembly and Set-Up:
system during the test by visual inspection and reporting of the
12.3.2.1 Detailed and easily understood assembly instruc-
following:
tions,
13.2.1.1 Relative simplicity or complexity of design,
12.3.2.2 Diagrams or photographs to assist in assembly,
13.2.1.2 Potential safety hazards such as sharp protrusions,
12.3.2.3 Standard tools required for assembly,
rough edges, weak lifting points or unsafe pump/powerpack
12.3.2.4 Special tools required for assembly,
configuration or design,
12.3.2.5 Preparation required for operation, set-up and de-
13.2.1.3 Overall size re: transportation and operation,
ployment,
13.2.1.4 Logical placement and reasonable access to com-
12.3.2.6 Component and assembly weights, and
ponents for inspection and service, and
12.3.2.7 Lifting and handling requirements.
13.2.1.5 Compatibility of system components: do they work
well together, or are they mismatched and inappropriate. (For
12.3.3 Operation:
example: skimmers designed for light oil recovery should not
12.3.3.1 Proper method of operation, including recommen-
be equipped with a (sparking) gasoline engine; an oversized
dations for optimal settings or guidance for achieving such
discharge port and bulky hose may lead to difficulties in
settings,
handling, tethering and priming; skimmers intended for use
12.3.3.2 Required types and quantities of fuel, oil, and other
with highly viscous oil should have a large diameter transfer
fluids,
hose).
12.3.3.3 Guidelines for safe operations,
13.2.2 If appropriate, use non-destructive testing or quality
12.3.3.4 Required procedures for retrieval, and
assurance system or regulatory certification to assess the
12.3.3.5 The appropriate methods for cleaning and decon-
structural integrity of the skimmer.
tamination including appropriate cleaning agents and the
13.3 Design criteria should be considered when assessing
maximum temperatures or pressures, or both, allowable for
equipment as follows:
hot-water or high-pressure cleaning.
13.3.1 Safety-Related:
12.3.4 Stora
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