EN 17351:2020
(Main)Bio-based products - Determination of the oxygen content using an elemental analyser
Bio-based products - Determination of the oxygen content using an elemental analyser
This document specifies a direct method for the determination of the total oxygen content in bio-based products using an elemental analyser. The scope is limited to products containing elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chloride, bromide and iodide without fluoride, representing at least 95 % of the composition of the product to be analysed.
NOTE 1 Bio-based materials can contain both organic and inorganic components. The oxygen content might originate both from the organic and/or the inorganic components. The inorganic components are not bio-based but will nevertheless contribute to the amount of oxygen determined by the following prescribed methods and therefore influence the results in terms of oxygen content. According to the current state of the art, it is not possible by isotopic measurements to establish a distinction between oxygen originating from biomass and oxygen originating from non-biomass.
NOTE 2 Although this document has been drafted for the purpose of the determinations dealing with bio-based content, it can be also used as a standalone standard for determination of oxygen in organic compounds.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the unit "% (m/m)" is used to represent the oxygen content of a material.
NOTE 4 The method specified in this document involves a direct measurement method for the determination of oxygen content. This method contains many similarities with the ASTM D5622 [1] standard for gasoline and methanol fuels. The method specified in this document is specifically developed and validated for bio-based products. In addition, this method provides more accurate and unadulterated measured values for oxygen in contrast to indirect measurement methods for the determination of oxygen (e.g. ASTM D 3176 [2]).
Biobasierte Produkte - Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehaltes unter Verwendung eines Elementaranalysators
Dieses Dokument legt ein direktes Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gesamtsauerstoffgehaltes in biobasierten Produkten unter Verwendung eines Elementaranalysators fest. Der Anwendungsbereich ist auf Produkte beschränkt, in denen die Elemente Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff, Sauerstoff, Stickstoff, Chlorid, Bromid und Iodid mindestens 95 % der Zusammensetzung des zu analysierenden Produktes ausmachen und Fluorid nicht vorkommt.
ANMERKUNG 1 Biobasierte Werkstoffe können sowohl organische als auch anorganische Bestandteile enthalten. Der Sauerstoffgehalt stammt möglicherweise aus organischen und/oder anorganischen Bestandteilen. Die anorganischen Bestandteile sind nicht biobasiert, tragen aber trotzdem zur durch die folgenden beschriebenen Verfahren bestimmten Sauerstoffmenge bei und beeinflussen deshalb die Ergebnisse in Bezug auf den Sauerstoffgehalt. Nach dem derzeitigen Stand der Technik ist es nicht möglich, durch Isotopenmessungen eine Unterscheidung zwischen Sauerstoff aus Biomasse und Sauerstoff aus Nicht-Biomasse zu treffen.
ANMERKUNG 2 Obwohl dieses Dokument zum Zweck der Bestimmungen in Bezug auf den biobasierten Gehalt erarbeitet wurde, kann es ebenso als eigenständige Norm zur Bestimmung von Sauerstoff in organischen Verbindungen verwendet werden.
ANMERKUNG 3 Für die Anwendung dieses Dokuments wird die Einheit "% (m/m)" zur Darstellung des Sauerstoffgehalts eines Werkstoffs verwendet.
ANMERKUNG 4 Bei dem in diesem Dokument beschriebenen Verfahren handelt es sich um ein direktes Messverfahren zur Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehalts. Dieses Verfahren weist viele Ähnlichkeiten mit der Norm ASTM D5622 [1] für Benzin und Methanolkraftstoffe auf. Das in diesem Dokument beschriebene Verfahren wurde speziell für biobasierte Produkte entwickelt und validiert. Zusätzlich liefert dieses Verfahren genauere und unverfälschte Messwerte für Sauerstoff im Gegensatz zu indirekten Messverfahren zur Bestimmung von Sauerstoff (z. B. ASTM D 3176 [2]).
Produits biosourcés - Détermination de la teneur en oxygène à l'aide d'un analyseur élémentaire
Le présent document spécifie une méthode directe de détermination de la teneur totale en oxygène dans les produits biosourcés à l’aide d’un analyseur élémentaire. Le domaine d’application se limite aux produits contenant les éléments carbone, hydrogène, oxygène, azote, chlorure, bromure et iodure sans fluorure, représentant au moins 95 % de la composition du produit à analyser.
NOTE 1 Les matériaux biosourcés peuvent contenir des composés organiques et inorganiques. La teneur en oxygène peut provenir des composés organiques et/ou inorganiques. Les composés inorganiques ne sont pas biosourcés mais contribueront néanmoins à la quantité d’oxygène déterminée par les méthodes prescrites suivantes et influenceront donc les résultats en termes de teneur en oxygène. Dans l'état actuel des connaissances, il est impossible de différencier, à l'aide de mesures isotopiques, l'oxygène issu de la biomasse de l'oxygène non issu de la biomasse.
NOTE 2 Bien que ce document ait été rédigé pour les déterminations ayant trait à la teneur biosourcée, il peut également être utilisé comme norme autonome pour déterminer la teneur en oxygène dans les composés organiques.
NOTE 3 Pour les besoins du présent document, l'unité « % (m/m) » est utilisée pour représenter la teneur en oxygène d’un matériau.
NOTE 4 La méthode spécifiée dans le présent document implique une méthode de mesure directe pour la détermination de la teneur en oxygène. Cette méthode présente de nombreuses similitudes avec la norme ASTM D5622 [1] sur l'essence et les combustibles au méthanol. La méthode spécifiée dans le présent document est spécialement élaborée et validée pour les produits biosourcés. En outre, cette méthode fournit des mesures pour l'oxygène plus précises et authentiques qu'avec les méthodes de mesure indirecte pour la détermination de la teneur en oxygène (par exemple, ASTM D3176 [2]).
Bioizdelki - Določevanje kisika z uporabo elementarnega analizatorja
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2020
Bioizdelki - Določevanje kisika z uporabo elementarnega analizatorja
Bio-based products - Determination of the oxygen content using an elemental analyser
Biobasierte Produkte - Sauerstoffgehalt - Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehaltes unter
Verwendung eines Elementaranalysators
Produits biosourcés - Teneur en oxygène - Détermination de la teneur en oxygène à
laide dun analyseur déléments
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17351:2020
ICS:
13.020.55 Biološki izdelki Biobased products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 17351
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
January 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.020.55
English Version
Bio-based products - Determination of the oxygen content
using an elemental analyser
Produits biosourcés - Détermination de la teneur en Biobasierte Produkte - Bestimmung des
oxygène à l'aide d'un analyseur élémentaire Sauerstoffgehaltes unter Verwendung eines
Elementaranalysators
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 October 2019.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17351:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Principle . 6
5 General requirements for the determination of the oxygen content. 6
6 Reagents . 7
7 Apparatus . 7
8 Sampling . 8
9 Measurement procedure . 8
10 Calculation of the oxygen content . 9
11 Test report . 10
Annex A (normative) Performance characteristics . 11
Bibliography . 13
European foreword
This document (EN 17351:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based
products”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2020, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by July 2020.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
Bio-based products from forestry and agriculture have a long history of application, such as paper, board
and various chemicals and materials. The last decades have seen the emergence of new bio-based
products in the market. Some of the reasons for the increased interest lie in the benefits of bio-based
products in relation to the depletion of fossil resources and climate change. Bio-based products may also
provide additional product functionalities. These developments have triggered a wave of innovation with
the development of knowledge and technologies allowing new transformation processes and product
development.
Acknowledging the need for common standards for bio-based products, the European Commission issued
)
Mandate M/492 , resulting in a series of standards developed by CEN/TC 411, with a focus on bio-based
products other than food, feed and biomass for energy applications.
The standards of CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products” provide a common basis on the following aspects:
— common terminology;
— bio-based content determination;
— life Cycle Assessment (LCA);
— sustainability aspects;
— declaration tools.
It is important to understand what the term bio-based product covers and how it is being used. The term
‘bio-based’ means 'derived from biomass'. Bio-based products (bottles, insulation materials, wood and
wood products, paper, solvents, chemical intermediates, composite materials, etc.) are products which
are wholly or partly derived from biomass. It is essential to characterize the amount of biomass contained
in the product by, for instance, its bio-based content or bio-based carbon content.
The bio-based content of a product does not provide information on its environmental impact or
sustainability, which may be assessed through LCA and sustainability criteria. In addition, transparent
and unambiguous communication within bio-based value chains is facilitated by a harmonized
framework for certification and declaration.
This document has been developed with the aim to specify the method for the determination of oxygen
content in bio-based products using an elemental analyser. This document provides the reference test
methods for laboratories, producers, suppliers and purchasers of bio-based products. It may be also
useful for authorities and inspection organizations.
Part of the research leading to this document has been performed under the European Union Seventh
Framework Programme OpenBio (see https://www.biobasedeconomy.eu/).
) A mandate is a standardization task embedded in European trade laws. Mandate M/492 is addressed to the
European Standardization bodies, CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, for the development of horizontal European Standards
for bio-based products.
1 Scope
This document specifies a direct method for the determination of the total oxygen content in bio-based
products using an elemental analyser. The scope is limited to products containing elements carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chloride, bromide and iodide without fluoride, representing at least 95 % of
the composition of the product to be analysed.
NOTE 1 Bio-based materials can contain both organic and inorganic components. The oxygen content might
originate both from the organic and/or the inorganic components. The inorganic components are not bio-based but
will nevertheless contribute to the amount of oxygen determined by the following prescribed methods and
therefore influence the results in terms of oxygen content. According to the current state of the art, it is not possible
by isotopic measurements to establish a distinction between oxygen originating from biomass and oxygen
originating from non-biomass.
NOTE 2 Although this document has been drafted for the purpose of the determinations dealing with bio-based
content, it can be also used as a standalone standard for determination of oxygen in organic compounds.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the unit “% (m/m)” is used to represent the oxygen content of a
material.
NOTE 4 The method specified in this document involves a direct measurement method for the determination of
oxygen content. This method contains many similarities with the ASTM D5622 [1] standard for gasoline and
methanol fuels. The method specified in this document is specifically developed and validated for bio-based
products. In addition, this method provides more accurate and unadulterated measured values for oxygen in
contrast to indirect measurement methods for the determination of oxygen (e.g. ASTM D 3176 [2]).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 16575, Bio-based products - Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16575 and the following terms
and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/ui
3.1
laboratory sample
sub-quantity of a sample suitable for laboratory tests
3.2
sample
quantity of material, representative of a larger quantity for which the property is to be determined
3.3
sample preparation
action taken to obtain representative analysis samples or test portions from the original sample
4 Principle
One of the major components of bio-based products is oxygen. The amount of oxygen is determined using
an elemental analyser. The dried sample is pyrolyzed in an inert gas stream (e.g. Helium, Argon, Nitrogen)
in a reaction column at a suitable temperature. The gaseous pyrolysis products are exposed to nickel
activated carbon, carbon black or glassy carbon at typical temperatures as shown in Table 1. The oxygen
present in the pyrolysis gases is transformed to carbon monoxide. The formed water is removed using a
column filled with magnesium perchlorate. The carbon monoxide is then separated on a column and
measured using a thermal conductivity detector or a NDIR CO detector.
Table 1 — Reactant and pyrolysis temperatures
Reactant Pyrolysis temperatures
Nickel activated carbon 1 060 °C
Carbon black 1 100 °C
Glassy carbon 1 400 °C
NOTE There is a restriction to components containing fluorine. Fluorine is forbidden in oxygen analysis, it
attacks the glass according the following reaction: F+SiO → SiF +O . As a result of that reaction, the oxygen
2 2 2
concentration determined by the measurement will be higher than the actual value.
Some inorganic compounds containing oxygen will also contribute to the measured oxygen concentration
in the sample (e.g. carbonates). The influences of these compounds should be assessed by analysing the
pure inorganic compound.
5 General requirements for the determination of the oxygen content
One of the major components of bio-based products is oxygen. The amount of oxygen can be determined
using an elemental analyser. The oxygen present in water (as part of the bio-based product) is also
analysed with this method and, therefore, the sample shall be dried before analyses when possible. When
drying is not possible, the oxygen content shall be corrected for the water content.
Solid samples that are air-dried usually have a water content below 5 %. Analyses of the air-dried sample
is possible. However, the analyses result shall be corrected for the water content in the air-dried sample.
Formula (2) in Clause 10 shall be used for this correction.
For liquid samples with a water content below 5 %, analysis may be done directly on the as-received
sample as well. A correction shall then be done according to Formula (2). Water content determination
of liquid samples may be done using standard techniques (e.g. Karl Fischer titration, Dean and Stark
distillation in toluene).
For samples with a wate
...
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