EN ISO 17556:2004
(Main)Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved (ISO 17556:2003)
Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved (ISO 17556:2003)
ISO 17556:2003 specifies a method for determining the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved. The method is designed to yield an optimum degree of biodegradation by adjusting the humidity of the test soil.
If a non-adapted soil is used as an inoculum, the test simulates the biodegradation processes which take place in a natural soil environment; if a pre-exposed soil is used, the method can be used to investigate the potential biodegradability of a test material.
This method applies to the following materials:
Natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures of these.
Plastic materials which contain additives such as plasticizers or colorants.
Water-soluble polymers.
Materials which, under the test conditions, do not inhibit the activity of the microorganisms present in the soil. Inhibitory effects can be measured using an inhibition control or by another suitable method (see e.g. ISO 8192). If the test material inhibits the microorganisms in the soil, a lower test material concentration, another type of soil or a pre-exposed soil can be used.
Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben biologischen Abbaubarkeit im Boden durch Messung des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem Respirometer oder der Menge des entstandenen Kohlendioxids (ISO 17556:2003)
Diese Internationale Norm legt ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen der vollständigen aeroben biologischen Abbaubarkeit von Kunststoffmaterialien im Boden durch Messen des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem geschlossenen Respirometer oder durch Messen der Menge des entwickelten Kohlendioxids fest. Das Verfahren wurde so entwickelt, dass ein bestmöglicher Grad der biologischen Abbaubarkeit durch Einstellen der Feuchtigkeit des Prüfbodens erhalten wird.
Wenn ein nicht angepasster Boden als Inokulum verwendet wird, simuliert die Prüfung den biologischen Abbauprozess, der in einer natürlichen Bodenumgebung abläuft; wird ein vorexponierter Boden verwendet, kann das Verfahren zum Untersuchen der potenziellen biologischen Abbaubarkeit eines Prüfmaterials angewendet werden.
Dieses Verfahren gilt für folgende Materialien:
- natürliche und/oder künstliche Polymere, Copolymere und deren Gemische;
- Kunststoffmaterialien, die Zusatzstoffe wie Weichmacher oder Farbmittel enthalten;
- wasserlösliche Polymere;
Materialien, die unter Prüfbedingungen nicht die Aktivität der im Boden vorhandenen Mikroorganismen beeinträchtigen. Inhibierungseffekte können durch Anwendung eines Inhibierungskontrollversuchs oder durch ein anderes geeignetes Verfahren (siehe z. B. ISO 8192) gemessen werden. Wenn das Prüfmaterial die Mikroorganismen im Boden hemmt, kann eine geringere Konzentration des Prüfmaterials, ein anderer Bodentyp oder ein vorexponierter Boden eingesetzt werden.
Plastiques - Détermination de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime dans le sol par mesure de la demande en oxygène dans un respiromètre ou de la teneur en dioxyde de carbone libéré (ISO 17556:2003)
L'ISO 17556:2003 spécifie une méthode pour l'évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques dans le sol en mesurant la demande en oxygène dans un respiromètre fermé ou la teneur en dioxyde de carbone libéré. La méthode est conçue pour produire une biodégradabilité optimale en ajustant l'humidité du sol d'essai.
Si un sol non modifié est utilisé comme inoculum, l'essai simule les processus de biodégradation qui a lieu dans un environnement de sol naturel; si un sol préexposé est utilisé, la méthode peut être employée pour étudier la biodégradabilité potentielle d'un matériau d'essai.
Cette méthode est applicable aux matériaux suivants:
Polymères, copolymères naturels et/ou synthétiques ou leurs mélanges.
Matériaux plastiques contenant des additifs tels que plastifiants ou colorants.
Polymères solubles dans l'eau.
Matériaux d'essai n'ayant pas d'effets inhibiteurs sur les micro-organismes présents dans le sol, dans les conditions de l'essai. Les effets inhibiteurs peuvent être déterminés au moyen d'un contrôle de l'inhibition ou par une autre méthode appropriée (voir par exemple l'ISO 8192). Si le matériau d'essai a un effet inhibiteur vis-à-vis des micro-organismes présents dans le sol, il est possible d'utiliser une concentration d'essai plus faible, un autre type de sol ou un sol préexposé.
Polimerni materiali - Ugotavljanje končne aerobne biorazgradljivosti v zemlji z merjenjem porabe kisika v respirometru ali količine nastalega ogljikovega dioksida (ISO 17556:2003)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2005
3ROLPHUQLPDWHULDOL8JRWDYOMDQMHNRQþQHDHUREQHELRUD]JUDGOMLYRVWLY]HPOML]
PHUMHQMHPSRUDEHNLVLNDYUHVSLURPHWUXDOLNROLþLQHQDVWDOHJDRJOMLNRYHJDGLRNVLGD
,62
Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability in soil by measuring the
oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved (ISO
17556:2003)
Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben biologischen Abbaubarkeit im
Boden durch Messung des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem Respirometer oder der Menge
des entstandenen Kohlendioxids (ISO 17556:2003)
Plastiques - Détermination de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime dans le sol par mesure
de la demande en oxygene dans un respirometre ou de la teneur en dioxyde de carbone
libéré (ISO 17556:2003)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 17556:2004
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 17556
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
December 2004
ICS 83.080.01
English version
Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability
in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the
amount of carbon dioxide evolved (ISO 17556:2003)
Plastiques - Détermination de la biodégradabilité aérobie Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben
ultime dans le sol par mesure de la demande en oxygène biologischen Abbaubarkeit im Boden durch Messung des
dans un respiromètre ou de la teneur en dioxyde de Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem Respirometer oder der Menge
carbone libéré (ISO 17556:2003) des entstandenen Kohlendioxids (ISO 17556:2003)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 December 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 17556:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Foreword
The text of ISO 17556:2003 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics” of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO
17556:2004 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 "Plastics", the secretariat of which is held by
IBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2005, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2005.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 17556:2003 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 17556:2004 without any
modifications.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17556
First edition
2003-08-01
Plastics — Determination of the ultimate
aerobic biodegradability in soil by
measuring the oxygen demand in a
respirometer or the amount of carbon
dioxide evolved
Plastiques — Détermination de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime dans
le sol par mesure de la demande en oxygène dans un respiromètre ou
de la teneur en dioxyde de carbone libéré
Reference number
ISO 17556:2003(E)
©
ISO 2003
ISO 17556:2003(E)
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©
ii ISO 2003 – All rights reserved
ISO 17556:2003(E)
Contents Page
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 3
5 Test environment . 3
6 Materials . 3
7 Apparatus . 4
8 Procedure . 4
9 Calculation and expression of results . 7
10 Validity of results . 9
11 Test report . 9
Annex A (informative) Principle of a manometric respirometer . 10
Annex B (informative) Example of a system for measuring the amount of carbon dioxide evolved . 11
Annex C (informative) Examples of methods for the determination of evolved carbon dioxide . 12
Annex D (informative) Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) . 14
Annex E (informative) Example of a determination of the amount and the molecular mass of water-
insoluble polymer remaining at the end of a biodegradation test . 15
Bibliography . 16
©
ISO 2003 – All rights reserved iii
ISO 17556:2003(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 17556 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical-chemical
properties.
©
iv ISO 2003 – All rights reserved
ISO 17556:2003(E)
Introduction
With the increasing use of plastics, their recycling and disposal have become a major issue. As a first priority,
recycling needs to be promoted. Complete recycling of plastics, however, is difficult. For example, plastic litter,
which comes mainly from consumers, is difficult to recycle completely. Other examples of plastic materials
which are difficult to recycle are fishing tackle, agricultural mulch films and water-soluble polymers. These
materials tend to “leak” from closed waste-management infrastructures into the natural environment.
Biodegradable plastics are now emerging as one of the options available to solve such environmental issues.
Several International Standards specifying methods for determining the ultimate aerobic/anaerobic
biodegradability of plastic materials in aqueous/compost conditions have been published. In view of the use and
disposal of biodegradable plastics, it is therefore very important to establish a method of determining the
ultimate aerobic biodegradability of such materials in soil.
©
ISO 2003 – All rights reserved v
.
vi
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17556:2003(E)
Plastics — Determination of the ultimate aerobic
biodegradability in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a
respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved
WARNING — Appropriate precautions should be taken when handling soil because it may contain
potentially pathogenic organisms. Toxic test compounds and those whose properties are unknown
should be handled with care.
1Scope
This International Standard specifies a method for determining the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic
materials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide
evolved. The method is designed to yield an optimum degree of biodegradation by adjusting the humidity of the
test soil.
If a non-adapted soil is used as an inoculum, the test simulates the biodegradation processes which take place
in a natural soil environment; if a pre-exposed soil is used, the method can be used to investigate the potential
biodegradability of a test material.
This method applies to the following materials:
— Natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures of these.
— Plastic materials which contain additives such as plasticizers or colorants.
— Water-soluble polymers.
— Materials which, under the test conditions, do not inhibit the activity of the microorganisms present in the
soil. Inhibitory effects can be measured using an inhibition control or by another suitable method (see e.g.
ISO 8192). If the test material inhibits the microorganisms in the soil, a lower test material concentration,
another type of soil or a pre-exposed soil can be used.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 10381-6, Soil quality — Sampling — Part 6: Guidance on the collection, handling and storage of soil for the
assessment of aerobic microbial processes in the laboratory
ISO 10390, Soil quality — Determination of pH
ISO 10634, Water quality — Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly water-soluble organic
compounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in an aqueous medium
ISO 10694, Soil quality — Determination of organic and total carbon after dry combustion (elementary analysis)
ISO 11274, Soil quality — Determination of the water-retention characteristic — Laboratory methods
©
ISO 2003 – All rights reserved 1
ISO 17556:2003(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
ulti
...
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