EN ISO 17556:2012

Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved (ISO 17556:2012)

ISO 17556:2012 specifies a method for determining the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved. The method is designed to yield an optimum degree of biodegradation by adjusting the humidity of the test soil.
If a non-adapted soil is used as an inoculum, the test simulates the biodegradation processes which take place in a natural environment; if a pre-exposed soil is used, the method can be used to investigate the potential biodegradability of a test material.
This method applies to the following materials:
natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures of these;
plastic materials which contain additives such as plasticizers or colorants;
water-soluble polymers.
It does not necessarily apply to materials which, under the test conditions, inhibit the activity of the microorganisms present in the soil. Inhibitory effects can be measured using an inhibition control or by another suitable method. If the test material inhibits the microorganisms in the soil, a lower test material concentration, another type of soil or a pre-exposed soil can be used.

Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben biologischen Abbaubarkeit von Kunststoffmaterialien im Boden durch Messung des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem Respirometer oder der Menge des entstandenen Kohlendioxids (ISO 17556:2012)

Diese Internationale Norm legt ein Verfahren zum Bestimmen der vollständigen aeroben biologischen Abbaubarkeit von Kunststoffmaterialien im Boden durch Messen des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem geschlossenen Respirometer oder durch Messen der Menge des entwickelten Kohlendioxids fest. Das Verfahren ist entwickelt worden, um einen bestmöglichen Grad der biologischen Abbaubarkeit durch Einstellen der Feuchtigkeit des Prüfbodens zu erhalten.
Wenn ein nicht angepasster Boden als Inokulum verwendet wird, simuliert die Prüfung den biologischen Abbauprozess, der in einer natürlichen Umgebung abläuft; wird ein vorexponierter Boden verwendet, kann das Verfahren zum Untersuchen der potenziellen biologischen Abbaubarkeit eines Prüfmaterials angewendet werden.
Dieses Verfahren gilt für folgende Materialien:
-   natürliche und/oder künstliche Polymere, Copolymere und deren Gemische;
-   Kunststoffmaterialien, die Zusatzstoffe wie Weichmacher oder Farbmittel enthalten;
-   wasserlösliche Polymere.
Dieses Verfahren gilt nicht notwendigerweise für Materialien, die unter Prüfbedingungen die Aktivität der im Boden vorhandenen Mikroorganismen beeinträchtigen. Inhibierungseffekte können durch Anwendung eines Inhibierungskontrollversuchs oder durch ein anderes geeignetes Verfahren gemessen werden. Wenn das Prüfmaterial die Mikroorganismen im Boden hemmt, kann eine geringere Konzentration des Prüfmaterials, ein anderer Bodentyp oder ein vorexponierter Boden eingesetzt werden.

Plastiques - Détermination de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques dans le sol par mesure de la demande en oxygène dans un respiromètre ou de la teneur en dioxyde de carbone libéré (ISO 17556:2012)

L'ISO 17556:2012 spécifie une méthode pour l'évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques dans le sol en mesurant la demande en oxygène dans un respiromètre fermé ou la quantité de dioxyde de carbone libéré. La méthode est conçue pour produire un taux de biodégradation optimal en ajustant l'humidité du sol d'essai.
Si un sol non modifié est utilisé comme inoculum, l'essai simule les processus de biodégradation qui ont lieu dans un environnement naturel; si un sol pré-exposé est utilisé, la méthode peut être employée pour étudier la biodégradabilité potentielle d'un matériau d'essai.
Cette méthode est applicable aux matériaux suivants:
polymères, copolymères naturels et/ou synthétiques ou leurs mélanges;
matériaux plastiques contenant des additifs tels que plastifiants ou colorants;
polymères solubles dans l'eau.
Elle ne s'applique pas nécessairement aux matériaux qui, dans les conditions de l'essai, ont un effet inhibiteur vis-à-vis de l'activité des micro-organismes présents dans le sol. Les effets inhibiteurs peuvent être déterminés au moyen d'un contrôle de l'inhibition ou par une autre méthode appropriée. Si le matériau d'essai a un effet inhibiteur vis-à-vis des micro-organismes présents dans le sol, il est possible d'utiliser une concentration de matériau d'essai plus faible, un autre type de sol ou un sol pré-exposé.

Polimerni materiali - Ugotavljanje končne aerobne biorazgradljivosti polimernih materialov v zemlji z merjenjem porabe kisika v respirometru ali količine nastalega ogljikovega dioksida (ISO 17556:2012)

Ta mednarodni standard opisuje metodo za ugotavljanje končne aerobne biorazgradljivosti polimernih materialov v zemlji z merjenjem porabe kisika v zaprtem respirometru ali količine nastalega ogljikovega dioksida. Namen metode je doseči čim večjo stopnjo biorazgradljivosti s prilagoditvijo vlažnosti preskusne zemlje. Če se kot inokulum uporabi neprilagojena zemlja, preskus simulira postopke biorazgraditve, ki potekajo v naravnem okolju; če se uporabi predhodno izpostavljena zemlja, se lahko metoda uporabi za preiskavo potencialne biorazgradljivosti preskusnega materiala. Ta metoda zadeva naslednje materiale: – naravne in/ali sintetične polimere, kopolimere ali mešanice obojih; – polimerne materiale, ki vsebujejo aditive, kot so mehčalci ali barvila; - v vodi topne polimere. Ne nanaša se nujno na materiale, ki pod preskusnimi pogoji zavirajo delovanje mikroorganizmov, prisotnih v zemlji. Zaviralne učinke je mogoče meriti na podlagi nadzora zaviranja ali z drugo ustrezno metodo. Če preskusni material zavira delovanje mikroorganizmov v zemlji, se lahko uporabi manjša koncentracija preskusnega materiala, druga vrsta zemlje ali predhodno izpostavljena zemlja.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 14-Aug-2012
• Withdrawal Date: 28-May-2019
• ICS: 83.080.01 - Plastics in general
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 249 - Plastics
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 249 - Plastics
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Completion Date: 29-May-2019
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 17556:2012 - Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved (ISO 17556:2012)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO 17556:2004 - Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved (ISO 17556:2003)
• Effective Date: 20-Feb-2010
• Replaced By: EN ISO 17556:2019 - Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved (ISO 17556:2019)
• Effective Date: 05-Jun-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2012
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 17556:2005
3ROLPHUQLPDWHULDOL8JRWDYOMDQMHNRQþQHDHUREQHELRUD]JUDGOMLYRVWLSROLPHUQLK
PDWHULDORYY]HPOML]PHUMHQMHPSRUDEHNLVLNDYUHVSLURPHWUXDOLNROLþLQHQDVWDOHJD
RJOMLNRYHJDGLRNVLGD,62
Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in soil
by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide
evolved (ISO 17556:2012)
Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben biologischen Abbaubarkeit von
Kunststoffmaterialien im Boden durch Messung des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem
Respirometer oder der Menge des entstandenen Kohlendioxids (ISO 17556:2012)
Plastiques - Détermination de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques
dans le sol par mesure de la demande en oxygène dans un respiromètre ou de la teneur
en dioxyde de carbone libéré (ISO 17556:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 17556:2012
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 17556
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2012
ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 17556:2004
English Version
Plastics - Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability
of plastic materials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a
respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved (ISO
17556:2012)
Plastiques - Détermination de la biodégradabilité aérobie Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben
ultime des matériaux plastiques dans le sol par mesure de biologischen Abbaubarkeit von Kunststoffmaterialien im
la demande en oxygène dans un respiromètre ou de la Boden durch Messung des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem
teneur en dioxyde de carbone libéré (ISO 17556:2012) Respirometer oder der Menge des entstandenen
Kohlendioxids (ISO 17556:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 July 2012.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 17556:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 17556:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 “Plastics” in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by NBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by February 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 17556:2004.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 17556:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 17556:2012 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 17556
Second edition
2012-08-15
Plastics — Determination of the ultimate
aerobic biodegradability of plastic
materials in soil by measuring the oxygen
demand in a respirometer or the amount
of carbon dioxide evolved
Plastiques — Détermination de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des
matériaux plastiques dans le sol par mesure de la demande en oxygène
dans un respiromètre ou de la teneur en dioxyde de carbone libéré
Reference number
ISO 17556:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
ISO 17556:2012(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail [e-mail]
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 17556:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 3
5 Test environment . 4
6 Materials . 4
7 Apparatus . 4
8 Procedure . 4
8.1 Preparation of the test material . 4
8.2 Preparation of the reference material . 5
8.3 Preparation of the test soil . 5
8.4 Start-up and execution of the test . 7
9 Calculation and expression of results . 9
9.1 Calculation . 9
9.2 Expression and interpretation of results .10
10 Validity of results .10
11 Test report .10
Annex A (informative) Principle of a manometric respirometer (example) .12
Annex B (informative) Example of a system for measuring the amount of carbon dioxide evolved .13
Annex C (informative) Examples of methods for the determination of evolved carbon dioxide .14
Annex D (informative) Theoretical oxygen demand (ThOD) .16
Annex E (informative) Example of a determination of the amount and the molecular mass of water-
insoluble polymer remaining at the end of a biodegradation test .17
Annex F (informative) Examples of long-term tests .18
Annex G (informative) Round-robin testing .22
Bibliography .26
ISO 17556:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 17556 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5, Physical-
chemical properties.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 17556:2003), which has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
a) the introduction has been revised;
b) a definition of the term “total organic carbon” has been added (see 3.14);
c) the temperature of the test environment has been changed (see Clause 5);
d) the specifications for the analytical instrument for determining the amount of carbon dioxide evolved have
been revised (see 7.2.3);
e) Subclause 8.1 describing the preparation of the test material has been revised;
f) Subclause 8.3.1 describing the collection and sieving of soil has been revised;
g) the use of a standard soil is now permitted as an alternative to natural soil (see 8.3.2);
h) Subclause 8.4 describing the start-up and execution of the test has been revised;
i) the test report has been extended (see Clause 11);
j) a new annex (Annex F) giving examples of long-term tests has been added;
k) a new annex (Annex G) giving the results of round-robin testing has been added.
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 17556:2012(E)
Introduction
A number of plastic materials and products have been designed for applications ending up in or on soil. They
have been developed for applications where biodegradation is beneficial from a technical, environmental, social
or economic standpoint. Examples can be found in agriculture (e.g. mulching film), horticulture (e.g. twines and
clips, flower pots, pins), funeral items (e.g. body bags), recreation (e.g. plastic “clay” pigeons for shooting,
hunting cartridges), etc. In many cases, recovery and/or recycling of these plastic items is either difficult or not
economically viable. Various types of biodegradable plastics have been developed which have been designed
to biodegrade and disappear in situ at the end of their useful life. Several International Standards specify test
methods for determining the ultimate aerobic or anaerobic biodegradation of plastic materials in aqueous or
compost conditions. Considering the use and disposal of biodegradable plastics, it is important to establish a
test method to determine the ultim
...