CEN/TR 16422:2012
(Main)Classification of thermoregulatory properties
Classification of thermoregulatory properties
This Technical Report outlines test methods available for the measurement of thermoregulatory properties of textile materials for use in clothing, and provides guidance on the most suitable methods for selection where choices are available to the user.
The document also provides classification of the thermoregulatory properties in three performance levels.
This Technical Report excludes consideration for the thermoregulatory properties of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and clothing items or textile products for which a standard already specifies a particular requirement.
This Technical Report excludes also phase change materials (PCM) and similar smart materials for thermoregulation, for which CEN/TR 16298 may give better guidance.
Klassifizierung von thermoregulierenden Eigenschaften
Classement des propriétés de thermorégulation
Le présent Rapport technique indique les méthodes d'essai disponibles pour le mesurage des propriétés de
thermorégulation des matières textiles utilisées dans les vêtements et fournit des recommandations
concernant les méthodes les mieux adaptées, lorsque plusieurs choix s'offrent à l'utilisateur.
Ce Rapport technique propose également une classification des propriétés de thermorégulation en trois
niveaux de performance.
Le présent Rapport technique exclut l'étude des propriétés de thermorégulation des équipements de
protection individuelle (ÉPI) et des vêtements ou produits textiles pour lesquels une norme spécifie déjà une
exigence spécifique.
Le présent Rapport technique exclut également les matières à changement de phase (MCP) et les matières
intelligentes de thermorégulation similaires, pour lesquels le Rapport technique CEN/TR 16298 peut donner
de meilleures orientations
Klasifikacija termoregulacijskih lastnosti
To tehnično poročilo določa preskusne metode, ki so na voljo za merjenje termoregulacijskih lastnosti tekstilnih materialov za uporabo pri oblačilih, in podaja smernice glede najprimernejših metod za izbiranje, kjer ima uporabnik možnost izbire. Poleg tega dokument razvršča termoregulacijske lastnosti v tri ravni funkcionalnosti. To tehnično poročilo izključuje obravnavo termoregulacijskih lastnosti osebne zaščitne opreme (PPE) in oblačil ali tekstilnih izdelkov, za katere standard že vsebuje določeno zahtevo. To tehnično poročilo izključuje tudi fazno spremenljive materiale (PCM) in podobne pametne materiale za termoregulacijo, za katere so podane smernice v standardu CEN/TR 16298.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2013
Klasifikacija termoregulacijskih lastnosti
Classification of thermoregulatory properties
Klassifizierung von thermoregulierenden Eigenschaften
Classement des propriétés de thermorégulation
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16422:2012
ICS:
59.080.30 Tkanine Textile fabrics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 16422
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
October 2012
ICS 59.080.30
English Version
Classification of thermoregulatory properties
Classement des propriétés de thermorégulation Klassifizierung von thermoregulierenden Eigenschaften
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 August 2012. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 248.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16422:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Test methods .7
5 Performance levels of material properties . 11
6 Marking . 18
Annex A (informative) Examples of application . 19
Annex B (informative) Liquid sweat transport and liquid sweat buffering. 23
Bibliography . 31
Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16422:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and
textile products”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Introduction
This Technical Report has been developed to help retailers, manufacturers and consumers with the evaluation
of thermoregulatory properties of textiles, and selection of the most appropriate methods to define their
individual material performance requirements.
In order to encourage the use of the widest possible selection of materials and technologies, this report takes
the form of advice and guidance on the tests or groups of tests which would verify the defined performance
characteristics of a material or a product composite. It summarises the scope and application of the test
described, and provides an indication of suggested range of results for the referred test method or methods to
allow the user to grade performance of the material under evaluation. Where a choice of test methods are
available for measuring the same parameter on a material, each is described to allow the user of the standard
to select the most appropriate method for his requirements.
This report introduces also a system of three performance levels for the different thermoregulatory properties:
thermal insulation;
water vapour transmission (breathability);
air permeability;
water penetration resistance and repellence;
liquid sweat management.
The large differences in the conditions of use necessitate a flexible use of the properties and performance
levels. This allows a choice of the appropriate level for each property and so to compose a 'product profile',
adapted to each specific type of use. There is for example, a significant difference between thermoregulatory
properties required for outerwear clothing for cool, windy and rainy weather during low activity, and socks for
warm indoor use during intense physical or sport activity. In addition, the work clothing for a shop assistant
requires different properties of thermoregulation than the underwear intended for skiing, or home wear for the
elderly. The ambient temperature, ambient moisture, wind and level of activity, the contact to skin or other
layers of clothing influence the requirements.
At the point of issue, it is recognised that the industry is in a constant state of development with regard to new
technology for innovative fibres and performance applications, and that methods required to evaluate these
new technologies may in the future be different to those in this report. Subsequent revisions will consider the
addition of any new test methods required to keep advice current to the industry and its changing needs.
This document includes annexes. In Annex A, there is consideration for product design and use situations, as
material performance is not the sole contributory factor to the thermoregulatory performance of the final
product or ensemble in use. This Annex also has examples of marking products. Annex B specifies two
alternative methods for liquid sweat transport and liquid sweat buffering.
1 Scope
This Technical Report outlines test methods available for the measurement of thermoregulatory properties of
textile materials for use in clothing, and provides guidance on the most suitable methods for selection where
choices are available to the user.
The document also provides classification of the thermoregulatory properties in three performance levels.
This Technical Report excludes consideration for the thermoregulatory properties of Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) and clothing items or textile products for which a standard already specifies a particular
requirement.
This Technical Report excludes also phase change materials (PCM) and similar smart materials for
thermoregulation, for which CEN/TR 16298 may give better guidance.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 24920, Textiles – Determination of resistance to surface wetting (spray test) of fabrics
EN 29865, Textiles – Determination of water repellency of fabrics by the Bundesmann rain-shower test
EN 31092, Textiles – Determination of physiological effects – Measurement of thermal and water-vapour
resistance under steady-state conditions (sweating guarded-hotplate test)
EN ISO 9237, Textiles – Determination of permeability of fabrics to air (ISO 9237)
EN 20811, Textiles – Determination of resistance to water penetration – Hydrostatic pressure test.
ISO 5085-1, Textiles – Determination of thermal resistance – Part 1: Low thermal resistance
AATCC TM 195, Liquid moisture management properties of textile fabrics
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
thermoregulatory properties
properties of textiles which influence the thermoregulation of the human body to maintain the core body
temperature at a stable and comfortable state
Note 1 to entry: The properties are thermal insulation, water vapour transmission (breathability), air permeability, water
penetration resistance and repellence and liquid sweat management.
3.2
thermal insulation (resistance)
R
ct
a quantity specific to textile materials or composites which determines the dry heat flux between the two faces
of a material related to area and temperature gradient, expressed in square metres Kelvin per watt (m ·K/W).
Note 1 to entry: The dry heat flux may consist of one or more conductive, convective and radiant components.
3.3
water vapour transmission (breathability)
WVT
ability of the fabric to transport water vapour expressed either as an absolute value by the water vapour
resistance R , by the water vapour permeability WVP, or by the relative value related to thermal insulation by
et
the water vapour permeability index i
mt.
3.4
water vapour resistance
R
et
quantity specific to textile materials and composites, which determines the 'latent' evaporative heat flux
between the two faces of a material related to area and water vapour pressure gradient, expressed in square
metres pascal per watt (m ·Pa/W).
Note 1 to entry: The evaporative heat flux may consist of both diffusive and convective components.
3.5
water vapour permeability index
i
mt
transport properties related to thermal insulation expressed by an index between 0 and 1
3.6
water vapour permeability
WVP
rate of water vapour transmission expressed in grams per square metre hour pascal (g/m² Pa h)
3.7
air permeability
AP
volume of air passing perpendicularly through a test specimen under specified conditions of test area,
pressure difference and time
3.8
water penetration resistance
WP
resistance to the penetration of water through the material under a specific hydrostatic pressure
3.9
water repellence
ability of fabric to resist surface wetting by water
3.10
liquid sweat management
consists, on one hand, of the uptake or buffering of the sweat from the skin and, on the other hand, of the
transport of the sweat from the skin to the ambience
3.11
skin contact products
fabrics or garments intended primarily to be worn next to the skin
Note 1 to entry: Typical examples are underwear, t-shirts, shirts, blouses, trousers, nightwear.
3.12
second layer or intermediate layer products
fabrics or garments intended to be worn above the skin contact products and beneath the outer layer products
Note 1 to entry: Typical examples are sweaters, shirts, vests, blouses.
3.13
outer layer products
fabrics or garments intended to be worn outermost of the layer of clothing, primarily outdoors
Note 1 to entry: Typical examples are overcoats, jackets, trousers, overalls, rainwear.
4 Test methods
4.1 Thermal insulation
4.1.1 General
For the purposes of this Technical Report, two EN or ISO test methods have been identified for the
measurement of thermal insulation. Both test methods give the thermal insulation value in m ·K/W, and the
results from the two tests are comparable.
4.1.2 ISO 5085-1, Textiles – Determination of thermal resistance – Part 1: Low thermal resistance
Scope
The standard specifies a method for the determination of the resistance of fabrics, fabric assemblies, or fibre
aggregates in sheet form to the transmission of heat through them in the 'steady state' condition. It applies to
materials whose thermal resistance is up to approximately 0,2 m²·K/W.
The method is only suitable for materials of up to 20 mm thickness (if the material is thicker, lateral edge
losses are more substantial).
Principle
The temperature drop across a material of known thermal resistance and across a specimen of the material
under test in series with it are measured, and from the values obtained, the thermal resistance of the
specimen is determined.
Application
Two methods are specified in the standard (single and double plate methods). In the context of this Technical
Report, the single plate method should be used.
4.1.3 EN 31092, (ISO 11092) Textiles – Determination of physiological effects – Measurement of
thermal and water-vapour resistance under steady-state conditions (sweating guarded-hotplate test)
Scope
The standard specifies test methods for the measurement of the thermal resistance and water vapour-
resistance of fabrics, under steady-state conditions.
The application of this measurement technique is restricted to a maximum thermal resistance (and water-
vapour resistance) which depends on the dimensions and construction of the apparatus used, for the
minimum specifications of the equipment referred to in this international standard. This value is 2 m²·K/W.
The test conditions used in this standard are not intended to represent specific comfort situations, and
performance specifications in relation to physiological comfort are not stated.
Principle
The specimen to be tested is placed on an electrically-heated plate with conditioned air ducted to flow across
and parallel to its upper surface as specified in this international standard.
For the determination of thermal resistance, the heat flux through the test specimen is measured after steady-
state conditions have been reached.
The thermal resistance R of a material i
...
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