EN ISO 28057:2018
(Main)Dosimetry with solid thermoluminescence detectors for photon and electron radiations in radiotherapy (ISO 28057:2014)
Dosimetry with solid thermoluminescence detectors for photon and electron radiations in radiotherapy (ISO 28057:2014)
ISO 28057:2014 describes rules for the procedures, applications, and systems of thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) for dose measurements according to the probe method. It is particularly applicable to solid "TL detectors", i.e. rods, chips, and microcubes, made from LiF:Mg,Ti or LiF:Mg,Cu,P in crystalline or polycrystalline form. The probe method encompasses the arrangement, particularly in a water phantom or in a tissue-equivalent phantom, of single TL detectors or of "TL probes", i.e. sets of TL detectors arranged in thin-walled polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) casings.
The purpose of these rules is to guarantee the reliability and the accuracy indispensable in clinical dosimetry when applied on or in the patient or phantom. ISO 28057:2014 applies to dosimetry in teletherapy with both photon radiation from 20 keV to 50 MeV and electron radiation from 4 MeV to 25 MeV, as well as in brachytherapy with photon-emitting radionuclides. These applications are complementary to the use of ionization chambers.
Dosimetrie mit Festkörper - Thermolumineszenzdetektoren für Photonen- und Elektronenstrahlung in der Strahlentherapie (ISO 28057:2014)
In der vorliegenden Internationalen Norm werden Regeln für die Verfahren, Anwendungen und Messsysteme der Thermolumineszenzdosimetrie (TL-Dosimetrie, TLD) für Dosismessungen nach der Sondenmethode festgelegt. Sie ist anzuwenden insbesondere für Thermolumineszenz-Detektoren fester Form und Größe, d. h. Stäbchen, Scheibchen und Mikrowürfel, hergestellt aus LiF:Mg,Ti oder LiF:Mg,Cu,P in kristalliner oder polykristalliner Form. Sieist nicht anzuwenden für LiF in Pulverform; dessen Gebrauch erfordert spezielle Verfahren. Die Sondenmethode beruht darauf, dass einzelne TL-Detektoren oder TL-Sonden, d.h. Sätzen von TL-Detektoren, in ein Wasserphantom oder ein wasseräquivalentes Phantom eingebracht werden. Als TL-Sonde bezeichnet man die Anordnung eines oder mehrerer TL-Detektoren in einem dünnwandigen Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA)-Gehäuse.
Das Ziel dieser Regeln ist es, die Zuverlässigkeit und Genauigkeit zu gewährleisten, die in der klinischen Dosimetrie bei der Anwendung am oder im Patienten oder Phantom unabdingbar sind. Diese Internationale Norm ist anzuwenden für die Dosimetrie in der Teletherapie mit Photonenstrahlung von 20 keV bis 50 MeV und mit Elektronenstrahlung von 4 MeV bis 25 MeV sowie in der Brachytherapie mit Photonen emittierenden Radionukliden. Die TL-Dosimetrie stellt eine wichtige Ergänzung zur Dosimetrie mit Ionisationskammern dar.
Dosimétrie avec détecteurs de thermolumiscence solides pour le photon et rayonnements d'électron en radiothérapie (ISO 28057:2014)
L'ISO 28057:2014 décrit les règles pour les procédures, applications et systèmes de dosimétrie par thermoluminescence (TLD) pour les mesurages de doses conformément à la technique de la sonde. Elle s'applique en particulier aux «détecteurs TL» solides, à savoir les bâtonnets, les pastilles et les microcubes fabriqués à partir de LiF:Mg,Ti ou de LiF:Mg,Cu,P sous forme cristalline ou polycristalline. Elle ne s'applique pas aux poudres de LiF, étant donné que leur utilisation requiert des procédures spéciales. La technique de la sonde comprend la disposition, en particulier dans un fantôme d'eau ou dans un fantôme équivalant à un tissu, de détecteurs TL uniques ou de «sondes TL», c'est-à-dire des ensembles de détecteurs TL disposés dans des boîtiers de poly(méthacrylate de méthyle) (PMMA) à paroi fine.
Dozimetrija s trdnimi termoluminiscenčnimi zaznavali pri fotonskih in elektronskih sevanjih v radioterapiji (ISO 28057:2014)
ISO 28057:2014 opisuje pravila za postopke, načine uporabe in sisteme termoluminiscenčne dozimetrije (TLD) za merjenje odmerkov glede na metodo s sondo. Uporablja se zlasti za trdna »zaznavala TL«, tj. palice, čipe in mikrokocke iz LiF: Mg, Ti ali LiF: Mg, Cu, P v kristalni ali polikristalni obliki. Metoda s sondo zajema razporeditev (zlasti v vodnem ali tkivu enakovrednem fantomu) enojnih zaznaval TL ali »sond TL«, tj. sklopov zaznaval TL, ki so razporejeni v ohišja iz polimetilmetakrilata (PMMA) s tanko steno.
Namen teh pravil je zagotavljanje nepogrešljive zanesljivosti in natančnosti v klinični dozimetriji pri uporabi pri/v bolniku/fantomu. ISO 28057:2014 se uporablja za dozimetrijo pri teleterapiji s fotonskim sevanjem od 20 keV do 50 MeV in elektronskim sevanjem od 4 MeV do 25 MeV ter pri brahiterapiji z radionuklidi, ki oddajajo fotone. Ti načini uporabe dopolnjujejo uporabo ionizacijskih komor.
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2018
'R]LPHWULMDVWUGQLPLWHUPROXPLQLVFHQþQLPL]D]QDYDOLSULIRWRQVNLKLQHOHNWURQVNLK
VHYDQMLKYUDGLRWHUDSLML ,62
Dosimetry with solid thermoluminescence detectors for photon and electron radiations in
radiotherapy (ISO 28057:2014)
Dosimétrie avec détecteurs de thermolumiscence solides pour le photon et
rayonnements d'électron en radiothérapie (ISO 28057:2014)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 28057:2018
ICS:
13.280 Varstvo pred sevanjem Radiation protection
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 28057
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.280
English Version
Dosimetry with solid thermoluminescence detectors for
photon and electron radiations in radiotherapy (ISO
28057:2014)
Dosimétrie avec détecteurs de thermolumiscence
solides pour le photon et rayonnements d'électron en
radiothérapie (ISO 28057:2014)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 August 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 28057:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
The text of ISO 28057:2014 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 85 "Nuclear energy,
nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” of the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO 28057:2018 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 430 “Nuclear
energy, nuclear technologies, and radiological protection” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2019, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2019.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 28057:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 28057:2018 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 28057
First edition
2014-03-01
Dosimetry with solid
thermoluminescence detectors for
photon and electron radiations in
radiotherapy
Dosimétrie avec détecteurs de thermolumiscence solides pour le
photon et rayonnements d’électron en radiothérapie
Reference number
ISO 28057:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
ISO 28057:2014(E)
© ISO 2014
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ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 28057:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Rules for the TLD measurement procedure . 9
4.1 Principle of measurement . 9
4.2 Measured quantity . 9
4.3 Measurement cycle .10
4.4 Measurement of the absorbed dose to water .12
4.5 Uncertainty of measurement of the absorbed dose .22
4.6 Reusability .22
4.7 Stability check .23
4.8 Staff .23
5 Requirements for the TLD system .23
5.1 General information .23
5.2 Completeness of the TLD system .23
5.3 Requirements for TL detectors .26
5.4 Requirements for TL-indicating instruments .27
5.5 Requirements for auxiliary instruments (pre-irradiation annealing device) .32
5.6 Requirements for the entire TLD system .32
5.7 Requirements for the calibration irradiation device.35
5.8 Requirements for the accompanying papers .35
5.9 Acceptance tests .35
Bibliography .37
ISO 28057:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
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on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
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The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 85, Nuclear energy, nuclear technologies, and
radiological protection, Subcommittee SC 2, Radiological protection.
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iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved
ISO 28057:2014(E)
Introduction
The thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) with lithium fluoride (LiF) detectors has several advantages,
in particular:
— small volumes of the detectors;
— applicability to continuous and pulsed radiation;
— fair water equivalency of the detector material;
— few correction factors needed for absorbed dose determinations.
The main disadvantage of thermoluminescence (TL) detectors is, however, that they have to be
regenerated by a pre-irradiation annealing procedure. Unfortunately, it is not possible to restore the
former response of the detectors perfectly by this annealing. Provided, however, that all detectors of
a production batch always undergo the same thermal treatment, one can at least determine the mean
alteration of the response of these detectors, with sufficiently small fluctuations of the individual values.
From this mean alteration, a correction factor can be derived.
The essential aim of this International Standard is to specify the procedures and to carry out corrections
[17]
which allow one to achieve (1) a repeatability of the indicated value within a fraction of a percent
and thus, (2) a total uncertainty of measurement (including the calibration steps tracing to the primary
[18][31][25][61][62]
standards) of a few percent, as in ionization chamber dosimetry.
The specifications in this International Standard comprise special terms used in TLD, rules for the
measurement technique, and requirements for the measurement system. The defined requirements and
the testing techniques can, in whole or in part, serve as a basis for stability checks and acceptance tests.
The TLD procedures described in this International Standard can be used for photon radiation within the
energy range from 20 keV to 50 MeV, including photon brachytherapy, and for electron radiation within
the energy range from 4 MeV to 25 MeV, excluding beta radiation brachytherapy. In order to achieve the
...
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