EN 16482:2024
(Main)Founding - Continuous cast iron bars
Founding - Continuous cast iron bars
This document specifies the grades of grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars, which have been produced by the continuous casting process.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron bars by either:
a) the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars, or
b) the hardness measured on the bars.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option b) can be specified.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron bars by the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars.
This document specifies 4 grades of grey cast iron and 14 grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength and 4 grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness.
This document specifies also the straightness of the bars.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 and EN 1559 3).
Gießereiwesen - Gusseisen-Strangguss
Dieses Dokument legt die Sorten von Stangen aus Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit oder aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit fest, welche im Stranggussverfahren hergestellt wurden.
Dieses Dokument legt die kennzeichnenden Eigenschaften von Stangen aus Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit fest, hinsichtlich
a) der Zugfestigkeit, gemessen an Proben, hergestellt aus Probestücken von Stangen oder
b) der Härte, gemessen an den Stangen.
Wenn zwischen dem Hersteller und dem Käufer vereinbart, kann eine Kombination aus Zugfestigkeit nach Möglichkeit a) und Härte nach Möglichkeit b) festgelegt werden.
Dieses Dokument legt die kennzeichnenden Eigenschaften von Stangen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit fest, deren Klassifizierung auf der Zugfestigkeit beruht, gemessen an Proben, hergestellt aus Probestücken von Stangen.
Dieses Dokument legt 4 Sorten von Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit und 14 Sorten von Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit fest, deren Klassifizierung auf der Zugfestigkeit beruht. Weiterhin 4 Sorten von Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit, deren Klassifizierung auf der Brinellhärte beruht.
Dieses Dokument legt auch die Anforderungen an die Geradheit der Stangen fest.
Dieses Dokument behandelt nicht die technischen Lieferbedingungen für Gusseisen (siehe hierzu EN 1559 1 und EN 1559 3).
Dieses Dokument legt die Sorten von Stangen aus Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit oder aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit fest, welche im Stranggussverfahren hergestellt wurden.
Dieses Dokument legt die kennzeichnenden Eigenschaften von Stangen aus Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit fest, hinsichtlich
a) der Zugfestigkeit, gemessen an Proben, hergestellt aus Probestücken von Stangen oder
b) der Härte, gemessen an den Stangen.
Wenn zwischen dem Hersteller und dem Käufer vereinbart, kann eine Kombination aus Zugfestigkeit nach Möglichkeit a) und Härte nach Möglichkeit b) festgelegt werden.
Dieses Dokument legt die kennzeichnenden Eigenschaften von Stangen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit fest, deren Klassifizierung auf der Zugfestigkeit beruht, gemessen an Proben, hergestellt aus Probestücken von Stangen.
Dieses Dokument legt 4 Sorten von Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit und 14 Sorten von Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit fest, deren Klassifizierung auf der Zugfestigkeit beruht. Weiterhin 4 Sorten von Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit, deren Klassifizierung auf der Brinellhärte beruht.
Dieses Dokument legt auch die Anforderungen an die Geradheit der Stangen fest.
Dieses Dokument behandelt nicht die technischen Lieferbedingungen für Gusseisen (siehe hierzu EN 1559 1 und EN 1559 3).
Fonderie - Barres de fonte par coulée continue
Le présent document définit les nuances des barres en fonte à graphite lamellaire et des barres en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal, produites par le procédé de coulée continue.
Le présent document spécifie les propriétés permettant de caractériser les barres en fonte à graphite lamellaire soit :
a) par la résistance à la traction mesurée sur des éprouvettes usinées, préparées à partir d'échantillons découpés dans les barres ; ou
b) par la dureté mesurée sur les barres.
Sur accord entre le fabricant et l'acheteur, la combinaison de la résistance à la traction à partir de l'option a) et de la dureté à partir de l'option b) peut être spécifiée.
Le présent document spécifie les propriétés permettant de caractériser les barres en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal par la résistance à la traction mesurée sur des éprouvettes usinées, préparées à partir d'échantillons découpés dans les barres.
Le présent document spécifie 4 nuances de fonte à graphite lamellaire et 14 nuances de fonte à graphite sphéroïdal selon une classification basée sur la résistance à la traction, ainsi que 4 nuances de fonte à graphite lamellaire selon une classification basée sur la dureté Brinell.
Le présent document spécifie également la rectitude des barres.
Le présent document ne couvre pas les conditions techniques de fourniture des pièces moulées en fonte (voir l'EN 1559 1 et l'EN 1559 3).
Livarstvo - Palice iz litega železa
Ta evropski standard določa razrede palic iz sivega litega železa in palic iz litega železa s kroglastim grafitom, ki so bile proizvedene s postopkom zveznega litja.
Ta evropski standard določa značilne lastnosti palic iz sivega litega železa s/z:
a) natezno trdnostjo, izmerjeno na strojno obdelanih preskusnih kosih, pripravljenih iz vzorcev, izrezanih iz palic; ali
b) trdoto izmerjenih palic.
Če se proizvajalec in kupec strinjata, se lahko določi kombinacija natezne trdnosti iz možnosti a) in trdote iz možnosti b).
Ta evropski standard določa značilne lastnosti palic iz litega železa s kroglastim grafitom z natezno trdnostjo, izmerjeno na strojno obdelanih preskušancih, pripravljenih iz vzorcev, izrezanih iz palic.
Ta evropski standard določa 4 razrede sivega litega železa in 14 razredov litega železa s kroglastim grafitom na osnovi razvrstitve, ki temelji na natezni trdnosti, ter 4 razrede sivega litega železa na osnovi razvrstitve, ki temelji na trdoti po Brinellu.
Ta evropski standard določa tudi ravnost palic.
Ta evropski standard ne zajema tehničnih dobavnih pogojev za železne odlitke (glej standarda EN 1559-1 [1] in EN 1559-3 [2]).
General Information
Relations
Overview - EN 16482:2024 (Founding - Continuous cast iron bars)
EN 16482:2024 is the CEN European standard that specifies grades, characterizing properties and test requirements for continuous cast iron bars. It covers both grey cast iron (flake graphite) and spheroidal graphite cast iron (ductile/ nodular iron) produced by the continuous casting process. The standard defines how to characterize material by tensile strength (on machined test pieces from samples) or by Brinell hardness measured on the bars, and it also specifies straightness and other quality checks.
Key topics and technical requirements
- Material grades: 4 grades of grey cast iron and 14 grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron classified principally by tensile strength; 4 grey‑iron grades also defined by Brinell hardness.
- Characterizing properties: Option to specify tensile strength (preferred if not otherwise agreed) or Brinell hardness, or a combination if agreed between manufacturer and purchaser.
- Sampling and test pieces: Tensile tests are performed on machined specimens prepared from samples cut from the bars; hardness tests follow Brinell method on the bar surface.
- Dimensional effects: Tensile properties depend on bar diameter; the standard provides a method to calculate an equivalent diameter for rectangular sections.
- Additional quality parameters: Graphite and matrix structure examination, impact energy (where applicable), straightness criteria, ultrasonic testing, sampling procedures, retest rules and inspection documentation.
- Referenced test methods: The standard refers to established methods such as EN ISO 6892‑1 (tensile testing), EN ISO 6506‑1 (Brinell hardness) and EN ISO 945‑1 (graphite classification).
- Scope limits: EN 16482 does not cover the broader technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559‑1 and EN 1559‑3).
Practical applications and who uses EN 16482
- Foundries and continuous casting producers use EN 16482 to classify and document continuous cast bars for supply and quality control.
- Procurement and quality engineers in manufacturing, automotive, rail, machinery and construction industries use the standard to specify material grades, tensile/hardness requirements and straightness tolerances in purchase orders.
- Testing laboratories and inspection bodies apply the sampling, tensile, hardness and ultrasonic procedures defined or referenced in the standard.
- Design and R&D teams consult EN 16482 when selecting continuous-cast iron bars where cooling-rate effects on graphite/matrix and section-dependent mechanical properties matter.
Related standards
- EN 1561 (grey cast iron), EN 1563 (spheroidal graphite cast iron)
- EN 1559‑1, EN 1559‑3 (technical delivery conditions for iron castings)
- EN ISO 6892‑1, EN ISO 6506‑1, EN ISO 945‑1 (test methods)
- EN 10204 (inspection documents)
- ASTM A536 (referenced in the 2024 revision for alignment)
EN 16482:2024 is essential for anyone specifying, producing or testing continuous cast iron bars and helps ensure consistent mechanical characterization, traceability and interchangeability across European supply chains.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 16482:2024 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Founding - Continuous cast iron bars". This standard covers: This document specifies the grades of grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars, which have been produced by the continuous casting process. This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron bars by either: a) the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars, or b) the hardness measured on the bars. If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option b) can be specified. This document specifies the characterizing properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron bars by the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars. This document specifies 4 grades of grey cast iron and 14 grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength and 4 grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness. This document specifies also the straightness of the bars. This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 and EN 1559 3).
This document specifies the grades of grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars, which have been produced by the continuous casting process. This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron bars by either: a) the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars, or b) the hardness measured on the bars. If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option a) and hardness from option b) can be specified. This document specifies the characterizing properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron bars by the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars. This document specifies 4 grades of grey cast iron and 14 grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron by a classification based on tensile strength and 4 grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell hardness. This document specifies also the straightness of the bars. This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559 1 and EN 1559 3).
EN 16482:2024 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 77.080.10 - Irons. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 16482:2024 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 16482:2014. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase EN 16482:2024 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2024
Livarstvo - Palice iz litega železa
Founding - Continuous cast iron bars
Gießereiwesen - Gusseisen-Strangguss
Fonderie - Barres de fonte par coulée continue
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16482:2024
ICS:
77.140.80 Železni in jekleni ulitki Iron and steel castings
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 16482
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 77.080.10 Supersedes EN 16482:2014
English Version
Founding - Continuous cast iron bars
Fonderie - Barres de fonte par coulée continue Gießereiwesen - Gusseisen-Strangguss
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 April 2024.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16482:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Designation. 8
5 Order information . 9
6 Manufacture . 9
7 Requirements . 9
7.1 Characterizing properties . 9
7.2 Tensile properties. 9
7.2.1 General . 9
7.2.2 Test pieces machined from samples cut from the bar . 10
7.3 Hardness properties . 13
7.4 Impact energy . 13
7.5 Graphite structure . 15
7.5.1 Grey cast iron . 15
7.5.2 Spheroidal graphite cast iron . 15
7.6 Matrix structure . 15
7.7 Straightness . 15
7.8 Ultrasonic testing . 16
8 Sampling . 16
8.1 General . 16
8.2 Samples cut from a bar . 16
9 Test methods . 16
9.1 Tensile test . 16
9.1.1 General . 16
9.1.2 Tensile test for grey cast irons . 16
9.1.3 Tensile test for spheroidal graphite cast irons . 18
9.2 Hardness test . 19
9.3 Graphite and matrix structure examination . 20
9.4 Measurement of straightness . 20
10 Retests . 20
10.1 Need for retests . 20
10.2 Test validity . 20
10.3 Non-conforming test results . 21
10.4 Heat treatment of samples and bars . 21
11 Inspection documentation . 21
Annex A (informative) Guidance values for hardness of spheroidal graphite cast iron bars . 22
Annex B (informative) Dimensional raw and machining allowances for continuous cast bars . 23
Annex C (normative) Location of samples cut from a bar . 25
Annex D (informative) Additional information on mechanical and physical properties of
spheroidal graphite cast irons . 26
Bibliography . 29
European foreword
This document (EN 16482:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry
technology”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2025, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 16482:2014.
The following modifications were implemented in this new edition:
— new normative references;
— new reference to ASTM A536-84 (2009), Standard Specification for Ductile Iron Castings in the text
and Bibliography;
— modification of Table 2 “Tensile properties of continuous cast spheroidal graphite cast iron bars”,
where two Grades were modified to fulfil requirements also of ASTM A536-84 (2009):
EN-GJS-450-12C and EN GJS 550-6C;
— new Table 4 “Minimum impact energy values measured on V-notched test pieces machined from
cast samples for ferritic grades of the ferritic to pearlitic group” in 7.4 (imported from
EN 1563:2018);
— new Table 5 “Straightness of continuous cast bars” in 7.7;
— new 7.8 “Ultrasonic testing”;
— new Figure 1 and Table 6 “Dimensions of grey cast iron tensile test pieces”;
— new Figure 2 “Dimensions of spheroidal graphite cast iron tensile test pieces”;
— modification of Table A.1 “Guidance values for Brinell hardness”;
— modification of Table B.2 “Machining allowances for continuous cast iron bars”;
— modification of Table D.2 “Examples of mechanical properties measured on continuous cast iron
bars with a diameter of 160 mm”.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom
Introduction
EN 1561 and EN 1563 classify grey cast irons and spheroidal graphite cast irons respectively, which are
cast in sand moulds or moulds of comparable thermal behaviour.
This document classifies grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars, which are produced by
the continuous casting process.
Due to the high cooling rate during solidification and further cooling, both graphite and matrix structure
differ from those obtained by sand casting and consequently the mechanical properties in relation to
section thickness [8], [9].
The mechanical properties of continuous cast iron bars are evaluated on machined test pieces prepared
from samples cut from the bars.
However, for many applications, tensile strength or hardness are not the only interesting or
determining properties. Other mechanical or physical properties can be decisive for the use of grey cast
iron or spheroidal graphite cast iron, for example: thermal capacity, thermal diffusivity, damping
capacity, thermo-cycle fatigue and toughness.
Additional technical data for grey cast irons is given in EN 1561 and for spheroidal graphite cast irons in
EN 1563 and Annex D of this document.
1 Scope
This document specifies the grades of grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars, which have
been produced by the continuous casting process.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron bars by either:
a) the tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars, or
b) the hardness measured on the bars.
If agreed by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the combination of both tensile strength from option
a) and hardness from option b) can be specified.
This document specifies the characterizing properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron bars by the
tensile strength measured on machined test pieces prepared from samples cut from the bars.
This document specifies 4 grades of grey cast iron and 14 grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron by a
classification based on tensile strength and 4 grades of grey cast iron by a classification based on Brinell
hardness.
This document specifies also the straightness of the bars.
This document does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings (see EN 1559-1 and
EN 1559-3).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 10204, Metallic products — Types of inspection documents
EN ISO 945-1, Microstructure of cast irons — Part 1: Graphite classification by visual analysis (ISO 945-1)
EN ISO 6506-1, Metallic materials — Brinell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (ISO 6506-1)
EN ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature
(ISO 6892-1)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
grey cast iron
cast material, mainly iron and carbon based, the carbon being present mainly in the form of flake
(lamellar) graphite particles
Note 1 to entry: Grey cast iron is also known as flake graphite cast iron, and less commonly known as lamellar
graphite cast iron.
[SOURCE: EN 1561:2023, 3.1, modified - Note 2 has been deleted.]
3.2
spheroidal graphite cast iron
cast material, iron, carbon and silicon based, the carbon being present mainly in the form of spheroidal
graphite particles
Note 1 to entry: Spheroidal graphite cast iron is also known as ductile iron, and less commonly as nodular iron.
[SOURCE: EN 1563:2018, 3.1]
3.3
ferritic to pearlitic cast irons
grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron with a matrix containing ferrite or pearlite or a
combination of both
3.4
solid-solution strengthened ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron
spheroidal graphite cast iron with a matrix mainly consisting of ferrite, solution strengthened mainly by
silicon
3.5
graphite spheroidizing treatment
operation that brings the liquid iron into contact with a substance to produce graphite in the
predominantly spheroidal (nodular) form during solidification
Note 1 to entry: This operation is often followed by a second one called inoculation.
[SOURCE: EN 1563:2018, 3.4]
3.6
sample
quantity of material cut from the continuous cast bar to represent the cast material
4 Designation
The material shall be designated in accordance with Table 1, Table 2, or Table 3.
NOTE The designation system is specified in EN 1560.
5 Order information
The following information shall be stated in the order:
a) the number of this document;
b) the designation of the material;
c) the dimensions of the bar;
d) any special requirements.
All requirements shall be agreed by the time of acceptance of the order, e.g. technical delivery
conditions according to EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3.
6 Manufacture
The methods of producing grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron continuous cast bars and
their chemical compositions shall be left to the discretion of the manufacturer who shall ensure that the
requirements of this document are met for the material grade specified in the order.
For the cast irons to be used in special applications, the chemical composition and the heat treatment
may be the subject of an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
All agreements between the manufacturer and the purchaser shall be made by the time of the
acceptance of the order.
7 Requirements
7.1 Characterizing properties
The order shall specify in an unambiguous manner whether the tensile strength measured on a test
piece machined from samples cut from the continuous cast bars or the Brinell hardness measured on
the bars is the characterizing property. If it does not do so, then the manufacturer shall characterize the
material according to tensile strength.
7.2 Tensile properties
7.2.1 General
The property values apply to grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars produced by the
continuous casting process.
Tensile properties are dependant of the bar diameter as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
For rectangular bars, the corresponding diameter D for the determination of the minimum tensile
properties shall be calculated with Formula (1):
2××HB
( )
D= (1)
HB+
( )
where
D is the corresponding bar diameter, in millimetres (mm);
H is the height of the bar, in millimetres (mm);
B is the width of the bar, in millimetres (mm).
NOTE Tensile testing requires sound test pieces in order to guarantee pure uni-axial stress during the test.
For bar diameters > 400 mm, the minimum tensile properties to be obtained shall be agreed between
the manufacturer and the purchaser by the time of acceptance of the order.
7.2.2 Test pieces machined from samples cut from the bar
The tensile properties, when measured in accordance with 9.1 using test pieces machined from samples
cut from the bar, shall be in accordance with the requirements of Table 1 for grey cast irons or Table 2
for spheroidal graphite cast irons.
Table 1 — Tensile properties of continuous cast grey cast iron bars
Material designation Bar diameter Tensile strength Matrix structure
D R
m
mm MPa (for information only)
Symbol Number min.
20 < D ≤ 50 110
50 < D ≤ 100 100
EN-GJL-150C 5.1102 ferritic, annealed
100 < D ≤ 200 90
200 < D ≤ 400 80
20 < D ≤ 50 155
50 < D ≤ 100 140
EN-GJL-200C 5.1202 ferritic-pearlitic
100 < D ≤ 200 125
200 < D ≤ 400 115
20 < D ≤ 50 195
50 < D ≤ 100 180
EN-GJL-250C 5.1203 pearlitic-ferritic
100 < D ≤ 200 165
200 < D ≤ 400 155
20 < D ≤ 50 220
50 < D ≤ 100 205
EN-GJL-300C 5.1308 predominantly pearlitic
100 < D ≤ 200 195
200 < D ≤ 400 185
Table 2 — Tensile properties of continuous cast spheroidal graphite cast iron bars
0,2 % Elongation
Bar Tensile
Material designation proof after
diameter strength
strength fracture
Matrix
D R R A
p0,2 m
structure
mm MPa MPa %
Symbol Number min. min. min.
20 < D ≤ 60 220 350 22
EN-GJS-350-22C-LT 5.3120 60 < D ≤ 120 210 330 18 ferritic
120 < D ≤ 400 200 320 15
20 < D ≤ 60 220 350 22
EN-GJS-350-22C-RT 5.3121 60 < D ≤ 120 220 330 18 ferritic
120 < D ≤ 400 210 320 15
20 < D ≤ 60 220 350 22
EN-GJS-350-22C 5.3122 60 < D ≤ 120 220 330 18 ferritic
120 < D ≤ 400 210 320 15
20 < D ≤ 60 240 400 18
EN-GJS-400-18C-LT 5.3123 60 < D ≤ 120 230 380 15 ferritic
120 < D ≤ 400 220 360 12
20 < D ≤ 60 250 400 18
EN-GJS-400-18C-RT 5.3124 60 < D ≤ 120 250 390 15 ferritic
120 < D ≤ 400 240 370 12
20 < D ≤ 60 250 400 18
c
EN-GJS-400-18C 5.3125 60 < D ≤ 120 250 390 15 ferritic
120 < D ≤ 400 240 370 12
20 < D ≤ 60 250 400 15
a
EN-GJS-400-15C 5.3126 60 < D ≤ 120 250 390 14 ferritic
120 < D ≤ 400 240 370 11
20 < D ≤ 60 310 450 12
predominantly
a,c
EN-GJS-450-12C 5.3128 60 < D ≤ 120
to be agreed upon between the
ferritic
manufacturer and purchaser
120 < D ≤ 400
20 < D ≤ 60 400 500 14
b
EN-GJS-500-14C 5.3129 60 < D ≤ 120 390 480 12 ferritic
120 < D ≤ 400 360 470 10
0,2 % Elongation
Bar Tensile
Material designation proof after
diameter strength
strength fracture
Matrix
D R R A
p0,2 m
structure
mm MPa MPa %
Symbol Number min. min. min.
20 < D ≤ 60 320 500 7
60 < D ≤ 120 300 450 7
ferritic-
a
EN-GJS-500-7C 5.3203
pearlitic
120 < D ≤ 400 290 420 5
400 < D to be agreed
20 < D ≤ 60 380 550 6
pearlitic-
c
EN-GJS-550-6C 5.3205 60 < D ≤ 120
to be agreed upon between the
ferritic
manufacturer and purchaser
120 < D ≤ 400
20 < D ≤ 60 380 600 3
pearlitic-
a,c
EN-GJS-600-3C 5.3204 60 < D ≤ 120 360 600 3
ferritic
120 < D ≤ 400 340 550 3
20 < D ≤ 60 420 700 2
predominantly
a
EN-GJS-700-2C 5.3303 60 < D ≤ 120 400 700 2
pearlitic
120 < D ≤ 400 380 650 1
20 < D ≤ 60 480 800 2
predominantly
a
EN-GJS-800-2C 5.3304 60 < D ≤ 120
to be agreed upon between the
pearlitic
manufacturer and purchaser
120 < D ≤ 400
a
Depending on the process, these materials may contain minor quantities of free carbides.
b
Solid-solution strengthened ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron.
c
Comparable with ASTM A536-84 (2009). Grades EN-GJS-450-12C and EN-GJS-550-6C are specific continuous
cast material grades with high applications inside and outside Europe (ASTM). Their properties deviate from
sand cast iron alloys and are specific for continuous cast bar.
7.3 Hardness properties
The Brinell hardness of the grey cast iron grades specified by hardness, when measured in accordance
with 9.2, shall be in accordance with the requirements of Table 3.
This classification is ap
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このSIST EN 16482:2024標準文書は、連続鋳造プロセスによって製造されたグレー鋳鉄および球状グラファイト鋳鉄バースのグレードを明確に規定しています。標準の範囲は、材料の特性を評価するための詳細な基準を提供しており、特に引張強さおよび硬度に関する測定方法が含まれています。 この標準の強みは、さまざまなグレードの明確な分類を示している点です。グレー鋳鉄については4種類、球状グラファイト鋳鉄については14種類のグレードを引張強さに基づいて区別し、更にグレー鋳鉄の分類にはブリネル硬度を用いることができます。このように、材料の特性を多角的に評価できることは、製造者と購入者が求める仕様に応じた柔軟性を提供します。 また、標準ではバースの直線性についての基準も設定されており、品質管理に役立つ重要な要素です。これにより、製造工程における信頼性を高め、最終製品の性能向上に寄与します。ただし、この標準は鋳物の技術的納入条件については検討していないため、必要に応じて別の標準（EN 1559 1およびEN 1559 3）を参照することが求められます。 このように、EN 16482:2024は、鋳鉄バースに関連する材料特性を明確に定義し、製造者および購入者にとって有用な基準を提供することから、鋳造業界における重要なドキュメントです。
Die Norm EN 16482:2024 ist ein wesentliches Dokument im Bereich des Gießens, das sich speziell mit kontinuierlich gegossenen Eisenstangen beschäftigt. Der Umfang dieser Norm umfasst die Spezifizierung von verschiedenen Klassen von Grauguss und sphärographitischen Gusseisenstangen, die durch das Verfahren des kontinuierlichen Gießens hergestellt werden. Ein eindeutiger Stärke dieser Norm liegt in der klaren Definition der charakterisierenden Eigenschaften der Graugussstangen, die entweder durch die Zugfestigkeit, gemessen an bearbeiteten Prüfstücken, oder durch die Härte, die direkt an den Stangen gemessen wird, bestimmt werden. Diese Flexibilität ermöglicht es Herstellern und Käufern, nach vorheriger Vereinbarung sowohl die Zugfestigkeit als auch die Härte in der Spezifikation festzulegen, was den Bedürfnissen der Industrie entgegenkommt. Die Norm führt 4 Klassen von Grauguss und 14 Klassen von sphärographitischem Gusseisen basierend auf der Zugfestigkeit auf. Darüber hinaus werden 4 Klassen von Grauguss anhand der Brinell-Härte klassifiziert. Diese umfassende Klassifikation ermöglicht eine präzise Auswahl der Materialien für verschiedene Anwendungen, was die Relevanz dieser Norm in der modernen Fertigung unterstreicht. Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt ist die Spezifizierung der Geradheit der Stangen, welche ein entscheidendes Kriterium für die Qualität und die Verwendbarkeit der Produkte in der weiteren Verarbeitung darstellt. Diese klare Richtlinie trägt dazu bei, die Produktionsstandards in der Industrie zu heben. Es ist jedoch bemerkenswert, dass die Norm keine technischen Lieferbedingungen für Eisen-Gussstücke abdeckt, was in engen Fachkreisen berücksichtigt werden sollte, insbesondere in Verbindung mit den Normen EN 1559 1 und EN 1559 3. Insgesamt trägt die Norm EN 16482:2024 entscheidend zur Standardisierung und Verbesserung von Gießprozessen bei und ist somit von erheblichem Nutzen für Hersteller und Abnehmer in der Branche.
La norme EN 16482:2024, qui concerne la fonderie de barres en fonte continue, présente un champ d'application précis et pertinent pour les acteurs de l'industrie. Elle définit les différentes classes de barres en fonte grise et en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal produites par le procédé de moulage continu, ce qui est essentiel pour garantir la qualité et la performance des produits en fonte. L’une des forces de cette norme réside dans sa spécification des propriétés caractérisantes des barres en fonte grise, qu’il s’agisse de la résistance à la traction mesurée sur des pièces d'essai usinées ou de la dureté mesurée directement sur les barres. Cette flexibilité permet une personnalisation des exigences selon les besoins du fabricant et de l'acheteur, en offrant la possibilité d’établir un cahier des charges qui intègre à la fois la résistance et la dureté. En ce qui concerne les barres en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal, la norme précise également que la résistance à la traction est le seul critère utilisé pour les caractériser, simplifiant ainsi le processus d'évaluation pour ce type de matériau. La classification fournie dans la norme, comprenant quatre grades de fonte grise et quatorze grades de fonte à graphite sphéroïdal, est un atout majeur. Elle permet aux professionnels de l'industrie de s'orienter facilement dans le choix des matériaux selon la résistance à la traction requise, renforçant ainsi la pertinence de cette norme dans le domaine de la fonderie. De plus, la mention de la rectitude des barres témoigne de l'importance accordée aux aspects dimensionnels, ce qui est crucial pour les applications où la précision est essentielle. Cependant, il convient de noter que cette norme ne couvre pas les conditions de livraison techniques des pièces moulées en fonte, ce qui pourrait nécessiter une consultation avec d'autres normes telles que les EN 1559 1 et EN 1559 3 pour une pleine conformité. En résumé, la norme EN 16482:2024 se révèle être un cadre standard crucial pour la production de barres en fonte continue, englobant des spécifications claires et adaptées aux besoins variés du secteur. Sa capacité à déterminer des grades spécifiques basés sur la résistance et la dureté en fait un instrument indispensable pour garantir la qualité des matériaux utilisés dans diverses applications industrielles.
The standard EN 16482:2024, titled "Founding - Continuous cast iron bars," presents a comprehensive framework specifically geared towards the classification and characterization of grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars produced through the continuous casting process. This standard is particularly relevant in manufacturing and quality assurance, as it delineates the expectations for tensile strength and hardness, which are critical mechanical properties influencing the performance of cast iron products. One of the key strengths of EN 16482:2024 is its detailed specification of grades, offering a classification system that includes 4 grades of grey cast iron based on Brinell hardness, along with 14 distinct grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron categorized by tensile strength. This granular approach allows manufacturers and purchasers to select the appropriate material properties tailored to specific applications, thereby enhancing product reliability and performance. Moreover, the standard's provision for measuring tensile strength via machined test pieces or hardness directly on the bars provides versatility in assessing the material's compliance with the specified grades. This flexibility, which allows for the combination of both properties to be agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser, enhances collaborative decision-making in the supply chain. Another significant feature of this document is the specification for the straightness of the bars, ensuring dimensional integrity that is essential for further processing and end-use applications. This focus on precision is crucial in industries where the geometry of cast iron components plays a pivotal role in operational efficiency and safety. While EN 16482:2024 offers a robust guideline for cast iron bars, it wisely delineates its scope by not including technical delivery conditions for iron castings, directing users to consult EN 1559 1 and EN 1559 3 for those specifications. This clarity aids in maintaining focus on the core attributes of continuous cast iron bars without ambiguity. In summary, the standard EN 16482:2024 stands out for its comprehensive classification, clear characterization criteria, and adaptability in material assessment, making it an indispensable tool for industries reliant on high-quality cast iron products. Its relevance is underscored by the critical need for standardized grades that align with emerging demands in manufacturing and engineering sectors.
SIST EN 16482:2024 표준은 연속 주조 공정으로 생산된 회색 주철 및 구상 흑연 주철 바의 등급을 명확히 규정하고 있습니다. 이 문서는 회색 주철 바의 특성을 정의하기 위해 기계 가공된 시험편으로 측정한 인장 강도 또는 바에서 직접 측정한 경도를 활용합니다. 제조업체와 구매자가 동의하는 경우, 인장 강도와 경도를 조합하여 명시할 수 있는 유연성을 제공합니다. 특히 이 표준은 회색 주철에 대해 4가지 등급, 구상 흑연 주철에 대해 14가지 등급을 인장 강도를 기준으로 분류하고 있으며, 회색 주철 바는 브리넬 경도를 기준으로 추가적으로 4가지 등급으로 분류됩니다. 이러한 명확한 등급 규정은 품질 관리와 표준화된 생산 과정에서 중요한 역할을 하며, 제조업체와 구매자 간의 원활한 소통을 가능하게 합니다. 또한, 바의 직진성에 대한 기준도 명시되어 있어, 제품의 형상 안정성을 높이는 데 기여합니다. 이 표준은 주철 바의 특성과 품질을 보장할 수 있는 매우 중요한 자료로, 기술적 배송 조건에 대한 내용은 포함되어 있지 않지만 EN 1559 1 및 EN 1559 3과의 관계를 통해 이해를 도울 수 있습니다. SIST EN 16482:2024 표준은 주철 바의 특성 규명 및 품질 보증에 있어 필수적인 문서로, 제조 및 구매자들에게 실질적인 가치를 제공합니다.
The article discusses the prEN 16482, a European Standard that defines the grades of grey cast iron and spheroidal graphite cast iron bars produced using continuous casting. It specifies the characterizing properties of grey cast iron bars, which can be measured either by tensile strength or hardness. The combination of both parameters can also be specified if agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. The standard also specifies the characterizing properties of spheroidal graphite cast iron bars based on tensile strength. It classifies the grades of both types of cast iron based on tensile strength and Brinell hardness. Additionally, the standard specifies the straightness of the bars. However, it does not cover technical delivery conditions for iron castings.
この記事では、prEN 16482という、連続鋳造プロセスで生産された灰色鋳鉄および球状黒鉛鋳鉄バーの等級を定義する欧州規格について説明されています。この欧州規格では、灰色鋳鉄バーの特性を、加工された試験片から測定される引張強さまたはバーの硬度で定義します。製造業者と購買者が合意した場合、オプションa)の引張強さとオプションb)の硬度の組み合わせも指定することができます。球状黒鉛鋳鉄バーの特性も引張強度に基づいて定義されます。この規格では、引張強度とブリネル硬度に基づいた灰色鋳鉄および球状黒鉛鋳鉄の4つの等級を定義します。さらに、バーのまっすぐさも規定されています。ただし、鉄鋳物の技術的な納品条件はこの規格では扱われていません。
이 기사에서는 prEN 16482, 연속 주조 공정으로 생산된 회색 주철과 구리 주철 바의 등급을 정의하는 유럽 표준에 대해 다루고 있습니다. 이 유럽 표준은 회색 주철 바의 특성 속성을 정의하는데, 그 속성은 가공된 시편으로부터 얻은 인장 강도나 바의 경도로 측정될 수 있습니다. 제조업체와 구매자 간에 합의된 경우에는 옵션 a)의 인장 강도와 옵션 b)의 경도의 조합이 지정될 수도 있습니다. 또한, 이 유럽 표준은 구리 주철 바의 특성 속성도 인장 강도에 따라 정의합니다. 이 유럽 표준은 인장 강도와 Brinell 경도에 기초한 회색 주철 및 구리 주철의 4개 등급을 지정합니다. 또한, 이 표준은 바의 직선성도 지정합니다. 그러나, 철 주조품에 대한 기술적인 납품 조건을 다루지 않습니다.
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