EN 14879-4:2007

Organic coating systems and linings for protection of industrial apparatus and plants against corrosion caused by aggressive media - Part 4: Linings on metallic components

This document describes the requirements for and methods of testing of organic linings which are applied to metallic process engineering equipment that will come in contact with chemical substances. The requirements specified here may be used for the purposes of quality control (e.g. as agreed between the contract
partners )).
The standard applies to linings which serve one or more of the following purposes:
   to protect the component from adverse effects of aggressive substances;
   to protect waters (e.g. ground water) from harmful substances;
   to protect the charge from becoming contaminated by components released from the substrate material;
   to achieve a particular surface quality.
This standard applies to vessels, apparatus, piping parts and other components for process plants made of metallic substrate materials which are in contact with media and are provided with a surface protection made of
a)   prefabricated, natural or synthetic rubber based sheeting (subsequently named rubber lining), to be
applied in the workshop or on site;
b)   prefabricated, phenol formaldehyde or epoxy resin based sheeting (subsequently named duroplastic lining), to be applied in the workshop only;
c)   prefabricated, thermoplastic products (e.g. foils, sheeting, plates, pipes) (subsequently named thermoplastic lining), to be applied in the workshop or on site.
The standard specifies the requirements, acceptance inspection, packaging, transport, storage and installation of organic linings for metallic materials.
The tests described in this standard are intended for verification of the suitability of sheeting used for linings and for acceptance inspection to be carried out on the products during or after application of the lining or as part of routine inspections to determine any changes effected in the lining during service.

Beschichtungen und Auskleidungen aus organischen Werkstoffen zum Schutz von industriellen Anlagen gegen Korrosion durch aggressive Medien - Teil 4: Auskleidungen für Bauteile aus metallischen Werkstoffen

Systèmes de revêtements organiques de peinture et autres revêtements rapportés pour la protection des appareils et installations industriels contre la corrosion par des fluides agressifs - Partie 4 : Revêtements rapportés sur composant métallique

Le présent document décrit les exigences et méthodes d’essai pour revêtements rapportés organiques appliqués sur des équipements métalliques de l’industrie, entrant au contact de substances chimiques. Les exigences spécifiées dans la présente norme peuvent être utilisées aux fins de contrôle qualité notamment, comme convenu entre les parties contractantes ).
La présente norme est applicable aux revêtements rapportés destinés à l’un au moins des usages suivants :
   protéger le composant contre les effets néfastes des substances corrosives ;
   protéger les eaux (par exemple, les nappes phréatiques) des substances dangereuses ;
   protéger le contenu de l’appareil contre la contamination par des composants provenant des matériaux du subjectile ;
   obtenir une qualité de surface spécifique.
La présente norme est applicable aux récipients, appareils, éléments de tuyauterie et autres composants d’installations industrielles constituant des subjectiles métalliques entrant en contact de milieux et dotés d’une protection de surface composée de :
a)   revêtement de caoutchouc naturel ou synthétique préfabriqué (dénommé ci-après revêtement rapporté de caoutchouc), à appliquer en atelier ou sur site ;
b)   revêtement préfabriqué à base de résines phénol-formaldéhyde ou époxy (dénommé ci-après revêtement rapporté thermodurcissable), à appliquer uniquement en atelier ;
c)   produits thermoplastiques préfabriqués (feuilles, revêtement, plaques, tuyaux, par exemple) (dénommés ci-après revêtement rapporté thermoplastique), applicables en atelier ou sur site.
La présente norme spécifie les exigences, l’inspection de réception, l’emballage, le transport, le stockage et l’installation des revêtements rapportés organiques pour les matériaux métalliques.

Sistemi organskih premazov in prevlek za protikorozijsko zaščito industrijskih naprav in obratov v kemijsko agresivnih pogojih - 4. del: Prevleke na kovinskih delih

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2007
• Withdrawal Date: 28-Feb-2008
• ICS: 25.220.60 - Organic coatings
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 360 - Project Committee - Coating systems for chemical apparatus and plants against corrosion
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 360 - Project Committee - Coating systems for chemical apparatus and plants against corrosion
• Current Stage: 9060 - Closure of 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 04-Mar-2018
• Completion Date: 04-Mar-2018
• Ref Project: SIST EN 14879-4:2009 - Organic coating systems and linings for protection of industrial apparatus and plants against corrosion caused by aggressive media - Part 4: Linings on metallic components

Overview - EN 14879-4:2007 (linings on metallic components)

EN 14879-4:2007 is a CEN European standard that defines requirements and test methods for organic linings on metallic process equipment exposed to chemical substances. It covers prefabricated organic linings applied to vessels, piping parts and other metallic components used in process plants. The standard’s purpose is to ensure corrosion protection, environmental safety and product integrity through agreed quality control, acceptance inspection and routine testing.

Key covered lining types:

• Rubber lining - prefabricated natural or synthetic rubber sheeting (workshop or on‑site application)
• Duroplastic lining - prefabricated phenol‑formaldehyde or epoxy resin sheets (workshop application only)
• Thermoplastic lining - prefabricated foils, sheets, plates or pipes (workshop or on‑site application)

Key topics and technical requirements

EN 14879-4 specifies practical, testable requirements and inspection activities including:

• Material selection and compatibility with aggressive media and load profiles (chemical, thermal, mechanical, climatic)
• Manufacture and surface preparation of metallic substrates and lining installation procedures (joints, post‑treatment)
• Acceptance inspection and documentation (visual checks, reporting, packaging/transport/storage provisions)
• Testing methods for verification of lining suitability and in‑service condition, such as:
  • Resistance to service fluids and tightness tests
  • Adhesive strength testing between lining and substrate
  • Measurement of lining thickness and hardness (e.g., Barcol)
  • High‑voltage testing for tightness and detecting defects
  • Testing of capability to dissipate electrostatic charges
  • Destructive testing of weld seams (where applicable)
• Repair procedures for detected defects and criteria for acceptance or rejection

Practical applications and users

Who uses EN 14879-4:

• Lining material manufacturers and suppliers
• Component and vessel fabricators (workshop quality control)
• On‑site lining applicators and contractors
• Plant owners, operators and engineering firms in chemical, petrochemical, water treatment and industrial process sectors
• Inspectors and quality assurance teams for acceptance and routine in‑service inspections

Typical applications:

• Corrosion protection of tanks, reactors, piping and process components in contact with acids, solvents and other aggressive media
• Barrier linings to protect groundwater/environment or to preserve product purity
• Achieving defined surface quality for hygienic or process reasons

Related standards

EN 14879 is a multi‑part series; related parts include:

• EN 14879‑1 (terminology, substrate preparation), EN 14879‑2 (coatings on metallic components), EN 14879‑3/5 (concrete components), EN 14879‑6 (combined tile/brick linings).
  Normative references cited in EN 14879‑4 include standards such as EN 59, EN 12814 (weld testing of thermoplastics), EN 14728, and others relevant to testing and materials.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.LQGXVWULMVNLKGHOLKBeschichtungen und Auskleidungen aus organischen Werkstoffen zum Schutz von industriellen Anlagen gegen Korrosion durch aggressive Medien - Teil 4: Auskleidungen für Bauteile aus metallischen WerkstoffenSystemes de revetements organiques de peinture et autres revetements rapportés pour la protection des appareils et installations industriels contre la corrosion par des milieux agressifs - Partie 4: Revetements rapportés pour composants métalliquesOrganic coating systems and linings for protection of industrial apparatus and plants against corrosion caused by aggressive media - Part 4: Linings on metallic components25.220.60Organske prevlekeOrganic coatingsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14879-4:2007SIST EN 14879-4:2009en,fr,de01-januar-2009SIST EN 14879-4:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14879-4August 2007ICS 25.220.60 English VersionOrganic coating systems and linings for protection of industrialapparatus and plants against corrosion caused by aggressivemedia - Part 4: Linings on metallic componentsSystèmes de revêtements organiques de peinture et autresrevêtements rapportés pour la protection des appareils etinstallations industriels contre la corrosion par des milieuxagressifs - Partie 4: Revêtements rapportés pourcomposants métalliquesBeschichtungen und Auskleidungen aus organischenWerkstoffen zum Schutz von industriellen Anlagen gegenKorrosion durch aggressive Medien - Teil 4: Auskleidungenfür Bauteile aus metallischen WerkstoffenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14879-4:2007: ESIST EN 14879-4:2009

Material combinations to which the media lists for rubber linings
are applicable.29 B.1 Hard rubber linings (media list I).29 B.2 Soft rubber linings.29 B.2.1 Butyl rubber, halogenated butyl rubber (media list II).29 B.2.2 Chloroprene rubber (media list III).29 B.3 Test media for the media lists.29 B.3.1 General.29 B.3.2 Media lists.30 Annex C (normative)
Test fluid groups for verification of suitability for material/media
combinations.32 Annex D (normative)
Testing the dissipating capability.35 D.1 Principle.35 D.1.1 Dissipation resistance.35 D.1.2 Dissipation resistance to earth.35 D.2 Testing of dissipation resistance of test samples.35 D.2.1 Test equipment.35 D.2.2 Test procedure.35 D.2.3 Test report.36 D.3 Measurement of dissipation resistance to earth on the completely applied lining.36 D.3.1 Test equipment.36 D.3.2 Preparation of the lining.36 D.3.3 Procedure.36 D.3.4 Test report.37 Annex E (informative)
Sample form for acceptance inspection report.38 Annex F (informative)
A–deviations.39 Bibliography.40
corrosion caused by aggressive media" consists of the following parts:  Part 1: Terminology, design and preparation of substrate  Part 2: Coatings on metallic components  Part 3: Coatings on concrete components  Part 4: Linings on metallic components  Part 5: Linings on concrete components  Part 6: Combined lining with tile and brick layers According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Repub-lic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. SIST EN 14879-4:2009

partners1)). The standard applies to linings which serve one or more of the following purposes:  to protect the component from adverse effects of aggressive substances;  to protect waters (e.g. ground water) from harmful substances;  to protect the charge from becoming contaminated by components released from the substrate material;  to achieve a particular surface quality. This standard applies to vessels, apparatus, piping parts and other components for process plants made of metallic substrate materials which are in contact with media and are provided with a surface protection made of a) prefabricated, natural or synthetic rubber based sheeting (subsequently named rubber lining), to be
applied in the workshop or on site; b) prefabricated, phenol formaldehyde or epoxy resin based sheeting (subsequently named duroplastic lin-ing), to be applied in the workshop only; c) prefabricated, thermoplastic products (e.g. foils, sheeting, plates, pipes) (subsequently named thermo-plastic lining), to be applied in the workshop or on site. The standard specifies the requirements, acceptance inspection, packaging, transport, storage and installation of organic linings for metallic materials. The tests described in this standard are intended for verification of the suitability of sheeting used for linings and for acceptance inspection to be carried out on the products during or after application of the lining or as part of routine inspections to determine any changes effected in the lining during service. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated refer-ences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 59, Glass reinforced plastics — Measurement of hardness by means of a Barcol impressor EN 228, Automotive fuels — Unleaded petrol — Requirements and test methods EN 590, Automotive fuels — Diesel — Requirements and test methods EN 12814 (series), Testing of welded joints of thermoplastics semi-finished products prEN 13122, Hot gas welding of semifinished products of thermoplastic materials EN 14728, Imperfections in thermoplastic welds — Classification
1) For the purposes of this standard, the contract partners are the lining material manufacturer, the component manufac-turer, the person(s) responsible for applying the lining, and the client ordering the linings. SIST EN 14879-4:2009

(ISO 2039-1:2001) EN ISO 4624:2003, Paints and varnishes — Pull-off test for adhesion (ISO 4624:2002) EN ISO 8503-1, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates — Part 1: Specifications and definitions for ISO surface profile comparators for the assessment of abrasive blast-cleaned surfaces (ISO 8503-1:1988) EN ISO 8503-2, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Surface roughness characteristics of blast-cleaned steel substrates — Part 2: Method for the grading of surface profile of abrasive blast-cleaned steel - Comparator procedure (ISO 8503-2:1988) EN ISO 12944-4, Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective paint
systems — Part 4: Types of surface and surface preparation (ISO 12944-4:1998) IEC 60093:1980, Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid electrical insulating ma-terials IEC 60167, Methods of test for the determination of the insulation resistance of solid insulating materials ISO 813, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of adhesion to a rigid substrate — 90 degree peel method ISO 1817, Rubber vulcanised — Determination of the effect of liquids
individual layers. 4.1.2.6.4 Thickness of semi-finished products to be used for lining The thickness of semi-finished products to be applied as linings shall be equal to the agreed nominal thick-ness and the permitted deviation shall be ± 10 %. 4.1.2.6.5 Adhesion system Adequate and long time adhesion of the lining to the substrate over the entire area shall be ensured. The
adhesion system to be applied shall therefore be selected in consideration of the requirement for the lining material, except for linings applied without adhesion system, e.g. by "loose shirt" technique. 4.1.2.6.6 Additional requirements for the lining material Other relevant requirements for the lining material, e.g. physiological safety, resistance against fluid based tension tear resistance, resistance to radiation, electrical conductivity and decontamination properties, shall be subject to agreement, if necessary. 4.2
Selection criteria 4.2.1 General The stress to be encountered by a protective lining shall be known before the requirements for it can be speci-fied. For the scope or this standard, the stress types detailed in 4.2.2 to 4.2.8 are the most relevant. Where necessary, grades have been used to describe different levels of stress. SIST EN 14879-4:2009

2) International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 3) Chemical Abstract Service. SIST EN 14879-4:2009

Phosphoric acid Inorganic, oxidizing acids HNO3 H2SO4 CrO3, H2CrO4 HClO3 Nitric acid Sulfuric acid, over 70 %
Chromic acid Chloric acid Inorganic acids, dissolving SiO2 HF H2SiF6 HBF4 Hydrofluoric acid Hexafluorosilicic acid (containing HF) Tetrafluoroboric acid (containing HF) Salts NaCl FeSO4 Na2CO3 Sodium chloride Iron (II) sulfate Sodium carbonate Bases NaOH KOH CaO, Ca(OH)2NH4OH
Sodium hydroxide Potassium hydroxide Calcium oxide Calcium hydroxide
Ammonia solution (Ammonium hydroxide solu-tion) Oxidizing bases NaOCl Sodium hypochlorite II. Organic chemicals Organic acids HCOOH CH3COOH CH2ClCOOH (COOH)2 CH3CHOHCOOH Formic acid Acetic acid Chloroacetic acid Oxalic acid Lactic acid Aliphatic hydrocarbons C6H14 C8H18 Hexane Octane Aromatic hydrocarbons C6H6 C6H5CH3 C6H4(CH3)2 Benzene Toluene Xylene Alcohols CH3OH C2H5OH C4H9OH CH2OHCH2OH Methanol Ethanol Butanol Ethanediol Aldehydes, Ketones, esters CH2O CH3COCH3 C2H5COCH3 CH3COOC2H5 Formaldehyde Acetone Methyl ethyl ketone (2.butanone) Ethyl acetate Aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons CH2Cl2 C2HCl3 C2Cl3F3 Dichloromethane Trichloroethylene Trichlorotrifluoroethane Aromatic halogenated hydrocarbons C6H5Cl ClC6H4CF3 Chlorobenzene Chlorobenzotrifluoride
Aliphatic amines CH3NH2 (C2H5)3N NH2C2H4NH2 Methylamine Triethylamine Ethylene diamine Aromatic amines C6H5NH2
C5H5N Aniline
Pyridine Phenols C6H5OH CH3C6H4OH Phenol Cresol Fats, oils
Vegetable and animal fats and oils
no exposure to fluids. Grade 1:
constant or frequent exposure to a film of fluid, due to condensation and the like (e.g. gas ducts, stacks). Grade 2: operational exposure to a constant flow of fluid involving no significant hydrostatic pressure (e.g. pipes). Grade 3: constant exposure of containers to fluid contents for unlimited periods (e.g. vessels). 4.2.4 Thermal loading Temperature influences the effectiveness of a surface protection system in the following ways. a) Aggressiveness of medium Elevated temperatures increase the aggressiveness of the medium by raising the levels of its chemical reac-tions and diffusion, and also through the accumulation of volatile substances in the headspace. b) Thermal stress Temperatures which deviate from the installation temperature cause thermal stress between the substrate and the surface protection system and may cause peeling, cracks, etc. This may result from the direct action of hot or cold media, or from radiant heat and extreme ambient temperature. The maximum thermal load shall be stated in °C. 4.2.5 Changes in temperature Changes in temperature include a) temperature changes at the protective surface during exposure to fluid loads of grades 1 to 2 as in 4.2.3 involving changed medium temperatures; b) temperature changes as otherwise constantly heated or cooled surfaces, resulting from operational con-tingencies, such as start-up and shutdown. c) process-related changes in the temperature of the medium under loading conditions corresponding to grade 3 (as in 4.2.3). Temperature changes due to climatic influences are dealt with in 4.2.7. The source, degree, speed and frequency of temperature changes shall be taken into consideration when as-sessing their effect. The following grades serve in assessing the effects of temperature changes, whereby details of the frequency and the duration of temperature changes are to be given for grades 1 to 4. Grade 0:
no temperature changes. Grade 1:
infrequent temperature changes of not more than 50 K. Grade 2:
infrequent temperature changes of more than 50 K. SIST EN 14879-4:2009

frequent temperature changes of not more than 50 K. Grade 4:
frequent temperature changes of more than 50 K. Grade 5:
temperature changes involving thermal shock (assessment not possible with this standard). 4.2.6 Mechanical loading The effectiveness of a surface protection system may be impaired through exposure to mechanical loads or hydrostatic pressure during operation or assembly.
4.2.7 Climatic influences Climatic influences may affect the durability of a surface protection system, and shall be graded as follows. Grade 0:
no climatic influences:
the component is located inside a building and is not exposed to climatic influences. Grade 1:
limited climatic influences: a roof protects the component, which is exposed to limited climatic influences. Grade 2:
full climatic influences: the component is located outside, and is fully exposed to climatic influ-ences. 4.2.8 Additional requirements Additional requirements may derive from special applications, and are not fully covered by this standard. They may refer to water protection, explosion protection, fire behaviour, decontamination, health and safety (par-ticularly in the case of foodstuffs and drinking water), non-slip surfaces and smoothness. 4.3
Load profile The loads described in 4.2.2 to 4.2.8 shall be recorded, together with the grades selected, using the form re-produced in Annex A. 4.4 Design of component The structural design of metallic components shall be in accordance with EN 14879-1. For the design and the size of surfaces and components to be lined it is necessary to previously specify a) lining material, b) lining process, c) site at which the lining shall be applied. This will result in different requirements for the design of the component which are subject to agreement be-tween the manufacturer of the component and the lining manufacturer. 4.5 Manufacture of the lining 4.5.1 Environmental conditions The environmental and climatic conditions shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The temperatures of the surface to be protected and of the semi-finished product shall not be allowed to drop below the dew point during the lining process. In order to ensure this, the surface temperature shall be at least 3 °C above the dew point. SIST EN 14879-4:2009

The surface to be protected shall be subjected to abrasive blast-cleaning. After blast-cleaning the remaining traces of blast-cleaning abrasives shall be removed and the abrasive blasted metallic surfaces shall be suitably treated to prevent rusting, e.g. by applying a primer or adhesive coating. NOTE For repairs on small surface areas, preparation of the substrate can be carried out by grinding provided that the required surface roughness is achieved. Ferritic steel: Abrasive blasting of the whole surface to be lined in accordance with EN ISO 12944-4: standard preparation grade at least Sa 2½; roughness in accordance with EN ISO 8503-1 and EN ISO 8503-2: medium (G) Rz: 25 µm up to 80 µm. Austenitic steel: Abrasive blasting of the whole surface to be lined similar to EN ISO 12944-4 (with mineral abrasives); rough-ness in accordance with EN ISO 8503-1 and EN ISO 8503-2: medium (G) Rz: 25 µm up to 60 µm. Type and composition of the abrasive shall be such as to exclude the formation of local elements. Non-ferrous metals: Preparation shall be performed in accordance with the instructions of the lining manufacturer. 4.5.3 Preparation and application of pre-cut parts of the semi-finished products
The semi-finished products shall be subject to preparatory treatment in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. If necessary, thermoplastic semi-finished products shall be hot formed so as to fit the size and the shape of the component to be lined. After treatment the pre-cut lining parts shall be applied to the surfaces to be protected in such manner, that the formation of air pockets and any inclusion of foreign matter are prevented. SIST EN 14879-4:2009

customer and shall be marked in the relevant drawing. 4.5.4.2 Bonded joints To ensure an adequately large contact area for bonded joints, the edges of the lining segments shall usually be cut at an angle of 15° to 30°.
Figure 1 — Bonded joint, type A
Figure 2 — Bonded joint, type B The joint design shall be in accordance with Figure 1 or Figure 2. In specific cases, a wider overlap or cover-ing of the joint by applying a cover strip may be agreed upon. 4.5.4.3 Welded joints Welded joints shall be made in accordance with prEN 13122. The most common welding processes are:  hot gas welding with torch separate from filler rod
 hot gas string-bead welding
 hot gas extrusion welding
 butt heat-fusion welding
The most common types of welded joints are: a) Single-V butt joint as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 — Single-V butt joint SIST EN 14879-4:2009

Figure 4 — Single-V butt joint with cover strip c) Hot-tool butt joint as shown in Figure 5. This type of welded joint can only be produced prior to application of the lining.
Figure 5 — Hot-tool butt joint d) Hot-tool butt joint with cover strip as shown in Figure 6. This type of welded joint can only be produced prior to application of the lining.
Figure 6 — Hot-tool butt joint with cover strip e) Fillet weld at the transition of cylindrical vessel part to head or bottom as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7 — Fillet weld on cylindrical shell to head or bottom f) Fillet weld on set-in nozzles as shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8 — Fillet weld on nozzles g) Butt joint and/or lapped joint for linings made of PTFE materials. SIST EN 14879-4:2009

exceeded up to twice its value, unless any restrictions have been specified by the customer. For flange facings, any deviations from the nominal thickness shall be subject to agreement. The limit deviations of the agreed hardness shall be ± 5 Shore A for soft rubber linings and ± 5 Shore D for hard rubber linings. 5 Repair of defects The lining manufacturer is allowed to repair professionally any defects in the lining by using material of the same type or mortars which have proven suitable for repair. 6 Designations EXAMPLES a) The designation of a soft rubber lining (B) of a total thickness of 4 mm, based on single layer (1) natural rubber (NR) shall read: Soft rubber lining
EN 14879-4
B
NR Designation of lining
EN number
Type of lining (B bonded, A anchored, L loose lining)
Total thickness, to the nearest mm
Number of layers
Material
EN 14879-4
A
PVC-U Designation of lining
EN number
Type of lining (B bonded, A anchored, L loose lining)
Total thickness, to the nearest mm
Number of layers
Material
7 Packaging, transport, storage and installation 7.1 General Linings which are susceptible to impact and shock at room temperature and particularly at low temperatures shall be handled with specific care. Deformations of the substrate may cause damages in the linings. 7.2 Packaging and transport The stresses to be expected to arise during transport shall be decisive for the type and scope of packaging. They are depending on the size, mass and rigidity of the components, the type of lifting devices used, the means of transport, necessary unloading and reloading, if applicable, as well as the conditions at the installa-tion site. Exposed linings on the flanges of nozzles and pipes, on edges, rims, etc. are particularly in danger of being damaged. Covering of such parts is therefore recommended. Where necessary, reinforcements, braces or suitable transport racks shall be provided. Chains and steel ropes shall be provided with appropriate packing means so as to eliminate friction or pressing against the pro-tective lining. The transport of components with linings which are susceptible to low temperatures (e.g. hard rubber linings) should be avoided at temperatures below 0 °C. After transportation the linings shall be inspected for damages. 7.3 Storage To protect the linings from cold, heat, temperature fluctuations or UV radiation, storage in closed rooms or covering with suitable materials should be provided. Where components are stored outdoors for longer periods of time, the transition zones between lining and substrate (e.g. flange facings) shall be provided with additional temporary protection against undercutting layer corrosion (tunnelling). SIST EN 14879-4:2009
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