FprCEN ISO/TR 20736
(Main)Sludge recovery, recycling, treatment and disposal - Guidance on thermal treatment of sludge (ISO/TR 20736:2021)
Sludge recovery, recycling, treatment and disposal - Guidance on thermal treatment of sludge (ISO/TR 20736:2021)
This Technical Report describes good practice for the incineration and other organic matter treatment by thermal processes of sludges.
Thermal conditioning is excluded.
This Technical Report is applicable for sludges described in the scope of ISO/TC 275 specifically derived from:
— storm water handling;
— night soil;
— urban wastewater collecting systems;
— urban wastewater treatment plants;
— treating industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater;
It includes all sludge that may have similar environmental and/or health impacts but excludes hazardous sludge from industry and dredged sludge.
Schlammgewinnung, -verwertung, -behandlung und -beseitigung - Leitfaden für die thermische Behandlung von Schlamm (ISO/TR 20736:2021)
Valorisation, recyclage, traitement et élimination des boues - Lignes directrices pour le traitement thermique des boues (ISO/TR 20736:2021)
Predelava, recikliranje, obdelava in odlaganje blata - Navodilo za toplotno obdelavo blata (ISO/TR 20736:2021)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 20736:2023
01-april-2023
Predelava, recikliranje, obdelava in odlaganje blata - Navodilo za toplotno
obdelavo blata (ISO/TR 20736:2021)
Sludge recovery, recycling, treatment and disposal - Guidance on thermal treatment of
sludge (ISO/TR 20736:2021)Schlammgewinnung, -verwertung, -behandlung und -beseitigung - Leitfaden für die
thermische Behandlung von Schlamm (ISO/TR 20736:2021)
Valorisation, recyclage, traitement et élimination des boues - Lignes directrices pour le
traitement thermique des boues (ISO/TR 20736:2021)Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN ISO/TR 20736
ICS:
13.030.20 Tekoči odpadki. Blato Liquid wastes. Sludge
kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 20736:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 20736:2023
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 20736
First edition
2021-07
Sludge recovery, recycling, treatment
and disposal — Guidance on thermal
treatment of sludge
Valorisation, recyclage, traitement et élimination des boues — Lignes
directrices pour le traitement thermique des boues
Reference number
ISO/TR 20736:2021(E)
ISO 2021
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kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 20736:2023
ISO/TR 20736:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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kSIST-TP FprCEN ISO/TR 20736:2023
ISO/TR 20736:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi
Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................vii
1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 Normative references ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 Abbreviated terms .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
5 Sludge properties................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
5.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.2 Physico-chemical characteristics ............................................................................................................................................ 4
5.2.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
5.2.2 Dry matter ............................................................................................................................................................................. 4
5.2.3 Loss on ignition ................................................................................................................................................................. 4
5.2.4 Calorific value ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5
5.2.5 Grease, scum and screening ................................................................................................................................... 5
5.2.6 Physical consistency and others ......................................................................................................................... 6
5.3 Chemical and microbiological characteristics ............................................................................................................. 6
5.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.3.2 Sulfur .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
5.3.3 Phosphorus ........................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.3.4 Nitrogen ................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.3.5 Chlorine and other halogens ................................................................................................................................. 7
5.3.6 Organic micro pollutants .......................................................................................................................................... 7
5.3.7 Trace elements................................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.3.8 Pathogens ............................................................................................................................................................................... 8
6 Thermal processes fundamentals ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
6.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
6.2 Drying ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
6.3 Hydrolysis .................................................................................................................................................................................................10
6.4 Incineration ............................................................................................................................................................................................11
6.5 Pyrolysis.....................................................................................................................................................................................................12
6.6 Gasification ..............................................................................................................................................................................................13
6.7 Thermolysis ............................................................................................................................................................................................14
6.8 Carbonization ........................................................................................................................................................................................14
6.9 Wet oxidation ........................................................................................................................................................................................14
6.10 Melting ........................................................................................................................................................................................................15
6.11 Pasteurization .......................................................................................................................................................................................15
7 Technologies ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................16
7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................16
7.2 Drying ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................16
7.2.1 Direct dryers .....................................................................................................................................................................16
7.2.2 Indirect dryers ................................................................................................................................................................20
7.2.3 Solar dryers .......................................................................................................................................................................22
7.3 Hydrolysis .................................................................................................................................................................................................23
7.4 Incineration ............................................................................................................................................................................................24
7.4.1 Fluidized bed furnace ...............................................................................................................................................24
7.4.2 Multiple hearth furnace (MHF) ........................................................................................................................28
7.4.3 Hybrid furnace ................................................................................................................................................................31
7.4.4 Others .....................................................................................................................................................................................32
7.5 Pyrolysis.....................................................................................................................................................................................................33
7.6 Gasification ..............................................................................................................................................................................................33
7.7 Thermolysis ............................................................................................................................................................................................35
7.8 Carbonization ........................................................................................................................................................................................36
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ISO/TR 20736:2021(E)
7.9 Wet oxidation ........................................................................................................................................................................................36
7.10 Melting ........................................................................................................................................................................................................37
7.11 Pasteurization .......................................................................................................................................................................................39
7.12 Emerging technologies ..................................................................................................................................................................40
7.12.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................40
7.12.2 Oxidation technologies ............................................................................................................................................40
7.12.3 Enzymatic sludge hydrolysis ..............................................................................................................................41
7.12.4 Plasma gasification .....................................................................................................................................................41
7.12.5 Ultrasound pretreatment ......................................................................................................................................41
7.12.6 Microwave irradiation ..............................................................................................................................................41
7.12.7 Infrared radiation .......................................................................................................................................................42
7.13 Design aspects ......................................................................................................................................................................................42
7.14 Auxiliary equipment ........................................................................................................................................................................42
7.14.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................42
7.14.2 Transport, receiving area, storage and feeding systems ............................................................43
7.14.3 Heat supply and recovery .................. ....................................................................................................................43
7.14.4 Gas cleaning ......................................................................................................................................................................44
7.14.5 Ash and other residues handling ....................................................................................................................44
7.14.6 Wastewater treatment .............................................................................................................................................44
7.14.7 Process monitoring .....................................................................................................................................................44
7.14.8 Safety systems .................................................................................................................................................................45
8 Operational aspects ........................................................................................................................................................................................45
8.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................45
8.2 Drying ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................46
8.3 Hydrolysis .................................................................................................................................................................................................46
8.4 Incineration ............................................................................................................................................................................................46
8.4.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................46
8.4.2 Fluidized bed furnace ...............................................................................................................................................47
8.4.3 Multiple hearth furnace ..........................................................................................................................................48
8.5 Pyrolysis.....................................................................................................................................................................................................49
8.6 Gasification ..............................................................................................................................................................................................49
8.7 Thermolysis ............................................................................................................................................................................................49
8.8 Carbonization ........................................................................................................................................................................................49
8.9 Wet oxidation ........................................................................................................................................................................................49
8.10 Melting ........................................................................................................................................................................................................50
8.11 Pasteurization .......................................................................................................................................................................................50
8.12 Hazards .......................................................................................................................................................................................................50
9 Management of energy and secondary resources ..........................................................................................................50
9.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................50
9.2 Drying ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................51
9.3 Hydrolysis .................................................................................................................................................................................................51
9.4 Incineration ............................................................................................................................................................................................51
9.5 Pyrolysis.....................................................................................................................................................................................................52
9.6 Gasification ..............................................................................................................................................................................................53
9.7 Thermolysis ............................................................................................................................................................................................54
9.8 Carbonization ........................................................................................................................................................................................54
9.9 Wet oxidation ........................................................................................................................................................................................54
9.10 Melting ........................................................................................................................................................................................................54
9.11 Pasteurization .......................................................................................................................................................................................54
9.12 Thermal treatments and circular economy .................................................................................................................55
10 Management of residues ...........................................................................................................................................................................55
10.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................55
10.2 Flue gas .......................................................................................................................................................................................................55
10.2.1 Characteristics and parameters .......................................................................................................................55
10.2.2 Equipment ..........................................................................................................................................................................57
10.3 Ashes .............................................................................................................................................................................................................59
10.3.1 Composition/parameters ......................................................................................................................................59
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10.3.2 Processes and equipment .....................................................................................................................................60
10.4 Wastewater .............................................................................................................................................................................................61
11 Decommissioning of installations ...................................................................................................................................................61
11.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................61
11.2 Specific considerations .................................................................................................................................................................61
12 Co-management with other organic wastes ..........................................................................................................................62
12.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................62
12.2 Specific considerations .................................................................................................................................................................63
12.3 Additional storage and transport aspects ....................................................................................................................65
12.3.1 General...................................................................................................................................................................................65
12.3.2 Storage ...................................................................................................................................................................................65
12.3.3 Transport .............................................................................................................................................................................66
13 Assessment of sustainability ................................................................................................................................................................66
13.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................66
13.2 Environmental aspects ..................................................................................................................................................................67
13.3 Economical aspects ..........................................................................................................................................................................67
13.4 Social aspects.........................................................................................................................................................................................67
Annex A (informative) Calorific values calculations .........................................................................................................................69
Annex B (informative) Various systems to input sludge into a household waste incineration
plant ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................70
Annex C (informative) Case studies ....................................................................................................................................................................72
Annex D (informative) Regulatory aspects .................................................................................................................................................86
Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................89
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ISO/TR 20736:2021(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
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electrotechnical standardization.The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
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any patent rights identified during the development of the document will...
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