CEN/TR 16456:2013
(Main)Characterization of sludges - Good practice of sludge dewatering
Characterization of sludges - Good practice of sludge dewatering
This CEN Technical Report describes good practice for sludge dewatering and belongs to a series on sludge management options.
It gives guidance on technical and operational aspects of:
- conditioning, thickening and dewatering processes.
Drying, which is another water content reduction process, is not dealt with in this document, but in CEN/TR 15473, Characterization of sludges - Good practice for sludges drying.
This report is applicable for sludges from:
- urban wastewater treatment plants;
- treatment plants for industrial wastewater similar to urban wastewater;
- water supply treatment plants.
This document may be applicable to sludges of other origin.
Charakterisierung von Schlämmen - Gute fachliche Praxis der Schlammentwässerung
Caractérisation des boues - Bonnes pratiques pour la déshydratation des boues
Le présent Rapport technique CEN décrit les bonnes pratiques pour la déshydratation des boues et fait partie d’une série concernant les filières de gestion des boues.
Il fournit des lignes directrices concernant les aspects techniques et opérationnels des procédés suivants :
- conditionnement, épaississement et déshydratation.
Un autre procédé de réduction de la teneur en eau, le séchage, n’est pas traité dans le présent document mais dans le CEN/TR 15473, Caractérisation des boues - Bonne pratique pour le séchage des boues.
Le présent rapport est applicable aux boues provenant :
- des stations d’épuration des eaux usées urbaines ;
- des stations d’épuration des eaux usées industrielles similaires aux eaux usées urbaines ;
- des stations d’épuration des eaux de distribution.
Le présent document peut s’appliquer aux boues d’origines différentes.
Karakterizacija blata - Dobra praksa za postopek odstranjevanja vode
To tehnično poročilo opisuje dobro prakso za postopek odstranjevanja vode iz blata in je del standardov, ki se nanašajo na možnosti ravnanja z blatom. Podaja navodila glede tehničnih in obratovalnih vidikov priprave, zgoščevanja in odvodnjavanja. Sušenje, ki je še en proces za zmanjšanje vsebnosti vode, ni obravnavano v tem dokumentu, temveč v CEN/TR 15473, Karakterizacija blata – Dobra praksa za sušenje blata. To poročilo velja za blato iz: čistilnih naprav za mestno odpadno vodo; čistilnih naprav za industrijsko odpadno vodo, ki je podobna mestni odpadni vodi; čistilnih naprav v sistemih oskrbe z vodo. Ta dokument se lahko uporablja za blato drugega izvora.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2013
Karakterizacija blata - Dobra praksa za postopek odstranjevanja vode
Characterization of sludges - Good practice of sludge dewatering
Charakterisierung von Schlämmen - Gute fachliche Praxis der Schlammentwässerung
Caractérisation des boues - Bonnes pratiques pour la déshydratation des boues
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16456:2013
ICS:
13.030.20 7HNRþLRGSDGNL%ODWR Liquid wastes. Sludge
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 16456
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
August 2013
ICS 13.030.20
English Version
Characterization of sludges - Good practice of sludge
dewatering
Caractérisation des boues - Bonnes pratiques pour la Charakterisierung von Schlämmen - Gute fachliche Praxis
déshydratation des boues der Schlammentwässerung
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 6 November 2012. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 308.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16456:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Description and features of thickening / dewatering systems . 11
4.1 Thickening devices . 11
4.1.1 General . 11
4.1.2 Devices based on natural forces (gravity) . 11
4.1.3 Devices based on flotation . 13
4.1.4 Devices based on filtration . 14
4.1.5 Devices based on centrifugation . 19
4.2 Dewatering devices . 20
4.2.1 General . 20
4.2.2 Filter press (plate, membrane) . 20
4.2.3 Belt (filter) press . 22
4.2.4 Centrifuge . 23
4.2.5 Screw press . 23
4.2.6 Others . 24
5 Conditioning . 25
5.1 General . 25
5.2 Conditioning processes . 25
5.2.1 General . 25
5.2.2 Coagulation . 25
5.2.3 Flocculation . 25
5.2.4 Physical processes . 27
5.3 Conditioners . 28
5.3.1 General . 28
5.3.2 Polymers . 28
5.3.3 Inorganic chemicals (multivalent salts, lime) . 29
5.3.4 Other products . 29
5.4 Technical aspects . 30
5.4.1 Storage of conditioner . 30
5.4.2 Selection of conditioner . 30
5.4.3 Preparation of conditioners . 31
5.4.4 Injection, dosing and mixing with sludge . 34
5.4.5 Automation . 37
6 Parameters / Methods for the evaluation of sludge thickenability or dewaterability . 37
6.1 General . 37
6.2 Mechanisms description . 37
6.2.1 Settling / Flotation . 37
6.2.2 Centrifugation . 39
6.2.3 Filtration . 39
6.3 Basic theories and parameters . 41
6.3.1 Settling / Flotation . 41
6.3.2 Centrifugation . 42
6.3.3 Filtration . 42
6.4 Methods of evaluation . 44
6.4.1 General .4 4
6.4.2 Settleability / Thickenability .4 4
6.4.3 Centrifugability .4 5
6.4.4 Filterability .4 6
6.4.5 Basic parameters .4 8
7 Critical parameters for sizing and optimisation of thickening/dewatering systems . 49
7.1 General .4 9
7.2 Gravity thickeners .5 0
7.3 Belt thickeners.5 0
7.4 Centrifuges .5 0
7.5 Filter-presses .5 2
7.6 Belt-presses .5 2
7.7 Screw-presses .5 3
8 Operational and economic aspects of thickening/dewatering systems . 53
8.1 General .5 3
8.2 Performances . 53
8.3 Energy consumption .5 6
8.4 Labour requirements .5 7
8.5 Water consumption .5 7
8.6 Maintenance .5 8
8.7 Safety aspects .5 8
8.8 Automation .5 8
8.9 Cost aspects .5 9
8.10 Final considerations .6 0
9 Conclusions .6 3
Annex A (informative) Environmental checklist .6 5
Bibliography .6 6
Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16456:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 308
“Characterization of sludges”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Introduction
Sludge processing train is a major problem in water and wastewater treatment, as it can account for up to
50 % of total operating costs. The effectiveness and cost of sludge treatment and disposal operations are
strongly affected by its volume and, consequently, by its water content or solids concentration. Thickening and
dewatering are therefore important steps in the total sludge processing train and have serious impact on
subsequent operations.
For illustration, Figure 1 shows the existing solutions for sludge water content reduction, and Figure 2 shows
the level of dry matter content required for intended utilisation and disposal routes.
Figure 1 — Principal thickening / dewatering processes
This guide deals with the dewatering and thickening techniques quoted in Figure 1.
Figure 2 — Percent
...
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