EN 17632-1:2022

Building information modelling (BIM) - Semantic modelling and linking (SML) - Part 1: Generic modelling patterns

This document addresses syntactic and semantic interoperability for information describing assets going through their life cycle in the built environment. It assumes the underlying technical interoperability provided already by the Internet/World Wide Web (WWW) technology-stack. The syntactic aspects relate to the Linked Data (LD)/Semantic Web (SW) formats and the SPARQL direct access method provided. The semantic aspects relate to the LD/SW-based information models in the form of thesauri and ontologies giving meaning to the information.
The following information architecture (Figure 1) applies.
This document specifies:
- a conceptual "L1: Information language" with four RDF-based language bindings being SKOS, RDFS, OWL and SHACL, including:
- a choice of 'linked data'/RDF-based formats (to be used for all modelling and language levels); and
- a generic Top Level Information Model of a total "M1: Information model", here "an upper ontology", including:
- a set of generic information modelling patterns for identification, annotation, enumeration datatypes, complex quality/quantity modelling, decomposition and grouping.
This modelling approach for information models and information sets is relevant within the built environment from multiple perspectives such as:
- Building information modelling (BIM);
- Geographical information systems (GIS);
- Systems engineering (SE);
- Monitoring & control (M&C); and
- Electronic document management (EDM).
Annex E discusses in an informative way how the information models and sets relevant for these different worlds can be linked together using LD/SW technology.
This document does not specify a full meta-'information model', sometimes referred to as a 'Knowledge Model (KM)'. EN ISO 12006-3 provides such an often used model for the built environment. In Annex D, Subclause D.3 it is shown how this existing model can be made compliant to this document. The only direct support for this meta level comes in the form of the possibility to define 'types' (enumeration types or concept types) and 'objectifications' as metaconcepts.
This document does not specify a meta-'information language' since this is already provided by the concrete RDF-based language bindings (being RDFS).
The scope of this document in general excludes the following:
- Business process modelling;
- Software implementation aspects;
- Information packaging and transportation/transaction aspects already handled by ISO TC59/SC13 Information container for linked document delivery (ICDD) ([13]) respectively various information delivery manual (IDM) / information exchange requirements (EIR)-related initiatives; and
- Domain-specific (here: 'built environment'-specific) content modelling in the form of concepts, attributes and relations at end-user level (the actual ontologies themselves) beyond a generic top level information model ('upper ontology') and modelling and linking patterns.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) - Semantischer Modellierungs- und Verknüpfungsstandard (SMLS) - Teil 1: Generische Modellierungsmuster

Dieses Dokument befasst sich mit der syntaktischen und semantischen Interoperabilität für informationen-beschreibende Assets, die ihren Lebenszyklus in der gebauten Umwelt durchlaufen. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass die zugrundeliegende technische Interoperabilität bereits durch die Technologieplattform des Internet/World Wide Web (WWW) gegeben ist. Die syntaktischen Aspekte beziehen sich auf die gelieferten Formate Vernetzte Daten (LD)/Semantisches Web (SW) und das direkte Zugriffsverfahren SPARQL. Die semantischen Aspekte beziehen sich auf die LD/SW-basierten Informationsmodelle in Form von Thesauri und Ontologien, die den Informationen Bedeutung verleihen.
Es gilt folgende Informationsarchitektur (Bild 1).

Modélisation d'informations de la construction (BIM) - Modélisation et liaisons sémantiques (SML) - Partie 1 : Schémas de modélisation génériques

Le présent document adresse l'interopérabilité syntaxique et sémantique des informations décrivant les actifs tout au long de leur cycle de vie dans l'environnement bâti. Il suppose que l'interopérabilité technique sous-jacente est déjà assurée par la pile technologique Internet/World Wide Web (WWW). Les aspects syntaxiques se rapportent aux formats LD (données liées)/SW (Web sémantique) et à la méthode d'accès direct SPARQL fournie. Les aspects sémantiques se rapportent aux modèles d'information basés sur du LD/SW sous la forme de thésaurus et d'ontologies qui donnent du sens aux informations.
L'architecture suivante de l'information (Figure 1) s'applique.
[Figure 1]
Le présent document spécifie :
   un niveau conceptuel « L1 : Langage d'informations », avec quatre déclinaisons en langages basés sur RDF, à savoir SKOS, RDFS, OWL et SHACL, comprenant :
   un choix de formats basés sur les « données liées »/RDF (à utiliser pour tous les niveaux de modélisation et de langage) ; et
   un modèle d'information générique de haut niveau « M1 : Modèle d'information », ici présenté comme « ontologie de haut niveau », comprenant :
   un ensemble de schémas génériques de modélisation de l’information pour l'identification, l'annotation, les types de données d'énumération, la modélisation complexe de qualités/grandeurs, la décomposition et le regroupement.
Cette approche de modélisation pour les modèles d'information et les ensembles d'informations est pertinente pour l'environnement bâti selon de multiples perspectives, telles que :
   la modélisation d'informations de la construction (BIM) ;
   les systèmes d'informations géographiques (SIG) ;
   l'ingénierie des systèmes (SE) ;
   la surveillance et le contrôle (M&C) ; et
   la gestion électronique de documents (GED).
L'Annexe E discute de manière informative comment les modèles et les ensembles d'informations pertinents pour ces différents mondes peuvent être reliés ensemble à l'aide des technologies LD/SW.
Le présent document ne spécifie pas un méta-« modèle d'information » complet, parfois appelé « modèle de connaissances » (KM, de l'anglais « Knowledge Model »). L'EN ISO 12006-3 fournit un tel type de modèle souvent utilisé pour l'environnement bâti. Dans l’Annexe D, paragraphe D.3, il est illustré comment ce modèle existant peut être rendu conforme au présent document. La seule prise en charge directe de ce méta niveau est liée à la possibilité de définir des « types » (types d'énumérations ou types de concepts) et des « objectifications » en tant que métaconcepts.
Le présent document ne spécifie pas un méta-« langage d'informations », car ceci est déjà fourni par les déclinaisons en langages concrets basés sur RDF (à savoir RDFS).
D'une manière générale, le domaine d'application du présent document exclut les aspects suivants :
   la modélisation des processus métier ;
   les aspects liés à l'implémentation de logiciels ;
   les aspects liés au paquetage et au transport/à la transaction d'informations, déjà traités par l'ISO TC59/SC 13 Conteneur d'informations pour la livraison de documents liés (ICDD) [13], par le biais de divers manuels de livraison d'informations (IDM) et d'initiatives en lien avec les exigences d'échange d'informations (EIR), respectivement ; et
   la modélisation de contenus propres à un domaine spécifique (ici : spécifiques à l'environnement bâti), sous la forme de concepts, d'attributs et de relations au niveau de l'utilisateur final (les ontologies réelles proprement dites), au-delà d’un modèle d'information générique de haut niveau (« ontologie de haut niveau ») et de schémas de modélisation/liaison.

Informacijsko modeliranje gradenj (BIM) - Semantični standard za modeliranje in povezovanje (SML) - 1. del: Generični vzorci modeliranja

Ta dokument obravnava celovit in enoten pristop k podatkovnim vidikom, zlasti za sredstva v grajenem okolju, z uporabo terminologije EIF.
Spodnja podatkovna arhitektura (Slika 1) se uporablja v vsaki kategoriji.
Slika 1: Podatkovna arhitektura s tipologijo (siva območja označujejo področje uporabe tega dokumenta)
...
Ta dokument določa:
–   splošno najvišjo raven "M1: Podatkovni model" kot skupna oblika;
–   konceptualni "L1: Podatkovni jezik" kot skupni meta-model s štirimi konkretnimi jezikovnimi vezavami na podlagi "povezanih podatkov" (SKOS, RDFS, OWL in SHACL), vključno z:
–   izbiro formatov, ki temeljijo na RDF (ki se uporabljajo za vse ravni modeliranja in jezikov);
–   nabor vzorcev modeliranja podatkov (za identifikacijo, poimenovanje, obravnavo naštevalnih tipov, modeliranje količine, razčlenitev sredstev, združevanje v skupine itd.).
–   povezovalni pristop za medsebojno povezovanje podatkovnih nizov, medsebojno povezovanje podatkovnih modelov ter povezovanje podatkovnih nizov in podatkovnih modelov, ki so v grajenem okolju pomembni z več vidikov, kot so:
–   informacijsko modeliranje stavb (BIM);
–   geoprostorski informacijski sistemi (GIS);
–   sistemski inženiring (SE) );
–   spremljanje in nadzor (M&C);
–   elektronsko upravljanje dokumentov (EDM).
Ta dokument ne določa modela znanja, saj je ta že na voljo v standardu ISO 12006-3.
Ta dokument ne določa meta-"podatkovnega jezika", saj je ta že na voljo v konkretnih jezikovnih povezavah RDF (RDFS).
Področje uporabe tega dokumenta na splošno izključuje naslednje:
–   modeliranje poslovnih procesov;
–   vidiki izvajanja programske opreme;
–   vidike ustvarjanja podatkovnih paketov in prenosa/transakcij (ki jih obravnava ISO TC59/SC13 Informacijski vsebnik za dostavo dokumentov (ICDD) oziroma različne pobude, povezane s priročnikom z informacijami (IDM) / zahtevami za izmenjavo informacij (EIR));
–   modeliranje vsebine, specifične za posamezno področje (v tem primeru: specifične za grajeno okolje), v obliki konceptov, atributov in odnosov na ravni končnega uporabnika (njihove dejanske ontologije), ki presegajo splošno zgornjo ontologijo in vzorce modeliranja.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Dec-2022
• ICS: 35.240.67 - IT applications in building and construction industry
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 442 - Building Information Modelling (BIM)
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 442/WG 4 - Support Data Dictionaries
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 07-Dec-2022
• Due Date: 03-Jul-2022
• Completion Date: 07-Dec-2022
• Ref Project: SIST EN 17632-1:2023 - Building Information Modelling (BIM) - Semantic Modelling and Linking (SML) - Part 1: Generic modelling patterns

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2023
Informacijsko modeliranje gradenj (BIM) - Semantični standard za modeliranje in
povezovanje (SML) - 1. del: Generični vzorci modeliranja
Building Information Modelling (BIM) - Semantic Modelling and Linking (SML) - Part 1:
Generic modelling patterns
Semantischer Modellierungs- und Verknüpfungsstandard (SMLS) für die
Datenintegration in der gebauten Umwelt
Modélisation d'informations de la construction (BIM) - Modélisation et liens sémantiques
(SML) - Partie 1 : Schémas de modélisation génériques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17632-1:2022
ICS:
35.240.67 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in building
gradbeništvu and construction industry
91.010.01 Gradbeništvo na splošno Construction industry in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 17632-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 35.240.67
English Version
Building information modelling (BIM) - Semantic
modelling and linking (SML) - Part 1: Generic modelling
patterns
Modélisation d'informations de la construction (BIM) - Semantischer Modellierungs- und
Modélisation et liaisons sémantiques (SML) - Partie 1 : Verknüpfungsstandard (SMLS) für die
Schémas de modélisation génériques Datenintegration in der gebauten Umwelt
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 September 2022.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17632-1:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms .11
4.1 Symbols .11
4.2 Abbreviated terms .11
5 Semantic modelling levels of capability .13
6 L1: Information language .14
6.1 Conceptual L1: Information language.14
6.2 Concrete L1: Information language bindings .16
6.3 Modelling patterns .19
7 M1: Information model .28
7.1 Top level information model .28
7.2 Systems engineering extension.30
8 Implementing SML in code .32
9 Conformance .32
9.1 General .32
9.2 Conformance on language level .32
9.3 Conformance on semantic level .33
Annex A (normative) SML implementation in ‘linked data’ .34
A.1 Introduction .34
A.2 SKOS part .34
A.3 RDFS part .40
A.4 OWL part .48
A.5 SHACL part .53
Annex B (normative) Selected W3C RDF language subsets .58
B.1 General .58
nd
B.2 XML schema (XSD), part 2: Datatypes 2 edition .58
B.3 Resource description framework (RDF).58
B.4 Simple knowledge organization system (SKOS) .59
B.5 Resource description framework schema (RDFS) .59
B.6 Web ontology language (OWL) .60
B.7 Shape constraint language (SHACL) .61
Annex C (informative) SML Example in SKOS/RDFS/OWL/SHACL (Turtle format) .64
C.1 Example description .64
C.2 SKOS part .64
C.3 RDFS part . 66
C.4 OWL part . 69
C.5 SHACL part . 70
C.6 Data part . 71
Annex D (informative) Relationships with other asset/product modelling standards . 73
D.1 General . 73
D.2 Relationship with the ISO 21597 series . 73
D.3 Relationship with EN ISO 23387 . 73
D.4 Relationship with the ISO 15926 series . 92
Annex E (informative) Linking information . 94
E.1 Types of linking . 94
E.2 Language-level language link sets . 94
Bibliography . 96

European foreword
This document (EN 17632-1:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 422 “Building
information modelling (BIM)”, the secretariat of which is held by SN - Norway.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document is about the built environment. In the built environment, assets relating to buildings and
infrastructures need to be managed across their entire life cycle, involving programming, design,
construction, operation, modification and demolition or disassembly. Vast amounts of valuable
information about them are created or captured, stored and communicated according to a diverse range
of forms and structures - and often lost again.
To manage these projects and their resulting assets more efficiently and effectively, information needs to
be findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR). The world wide web consortium (W3C)
provides open and generic linked data (LD) and semantic web (SW) technologies [1] which are capable
of providing this ‘FAIRness’ giving information a common form (‘syntax’) and structure (‘semantics’).
Using the ‘new European Interoperability Framework’ (EIF) [9] terminology, this document focuses on
syntactic and semantic interoperability.
This document specifies how organizations in the built environment can apply this W3C technology to
best suit their needs. For example, it can be used within organizations to communicate information
internally between various business departments and software, or it can be used externally to publish
information across the multitude of databases and organizations in the sector.
Application of this document will in particular help to align and integrate relevant ‘modelling worlds’ for
the built environment, typically involving already existing complex information models, like in Building
Information Modelling (BIM), Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Systems Engineering (SE),
Monitoring & Control (M&C) and Electronic Document Management (EDM).
Regarding to BIM Building Information Modelling, this document has been prepared with the
EN ISO 16739-1 [11] Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) information model in mind, and it has been
aligned with the revision work of EN ISO 12006-3 [17] (used to extend IFC via a buildingSmart data
dictionary (bSDD)). More specifically, this document offers a ‘linked data’ view on the ‘data templates’
related to CEN TC442/WG4. It provides a way to represent the ‘attributes’ for ‘properties’ of
EN ISO 23386:2020 [15] implemented according to EN ISO 23387:2020 [16], again involving
EN ISO 12006-3.
As any other technical specification, this document requires expertise and experience in specifying,
procuring and delivering work results. As semantic modelling and linking is in the domain of computer
science, the content is aimed at those professionals. This document however, provides a standardized
approach for the built environment, and thus this introduction addresses the secto
...