EN ISO 14851:2004
(Main)Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer (ISO 14851:1999)
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous medium - Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer (ISO 14851:1999)
Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien in einem wässrigen Medium - Verfahren mittels Messung des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem geschlossenen Respirometer (ISO 14851:1999)
Evaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques en milieu aqueux - Méthode par détermination de la demande en oxygène dans un respiromètre fermé (ISO 14851:1999)
Določanje končne aerobne biorazgradljivosti polimernih materialov v vodnem mediju – Metoda z merjenjem porabe kisika v zaprtem respirometru(ISO 14851:1999)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2004
'RORþDQMHNRQþQHDHUREQHELRUD]JUDGOMLYRVWLSROLPHUQLKPDWHULDORYYYRGQHP
PHGLMX±0HWRGD]PHUMHQMHPSRUDEHNLVLNDY]DSUWHPUHVSLURPHWUX ,62
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqueous
medium - Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer (ISO
14851:1999)
Bestimmung der vollständigen aeroben Bioabbaubarkeit von Kunststoff-Materialien in
einem wässrigen Medium - Verfahren mittels Messung des Sauerstoffbedarfs in einem
geschlossenen Respirometer (ISO 14851:1999)
Evaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques en milieu
aqueux - Méthode par détermination de la demande en oxygene dans un respirometre
fermé (ISO 14851:1999)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 14851:2004
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 14851
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2004
ICS 83.080.01
English version
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic
materials in an aqueous medium - Method by measuring the
oxygen demand in a closed respirometer (ISO 14851:1999)
Evaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des
matériaux plastiques en milieu aqueux - Méthode par
détermination de la demande en oxygène dans un
respiromètre fermé (ISO 14851:1999)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 June 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
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Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 14851:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Foreword
The text of ISO 14851:1999 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics” of
the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN ISO
14851:2004 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 "Plastics", the secretariat of which is held by
IBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2005, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2005.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 14851:1999 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 14851:2004 without any
modifications.
NOTE Normative references to International Standards are listed in Annex ZA (normative).
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their relevant European publications
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of
any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to
applies (including amendments).
NOTE Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated
by (mod.), the relevant EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN Year
ISO 10634 1995 Water quality - Guidance for the EN ISO 10634 1995
preparation and treatment of poorly
water-soluble organic compounds
for the subsequent evaluation of
their biodegradability in an aqueous
medium
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14851
First edition
1999-05-15
Corrected version
2003-07-15
Determination of the ultimate aerobic
biodegradability of plastic materials in an
aqueous medium — Method by measuring
the oxygen demand in a closed
respirometer
Évaluation de la biodégradabilité aérobie ultime des matériaux plastiques
en milieu aqueux — Méthode par détermination de la demande en oxygène
dans un respiromètre fermé
A
Reference number
ISO 14851:1999(E)
ISO 14851:1999(E)
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ii
© ISO
ISO 14851:1999(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
International Standard ISO 14851 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 5,
Physical-chemical properties.
Annexes A to G of this International Standard are for information only.
This corrected version of ISO 14851:1999 incorporates the following corrections:
— in Clause 2, the year of publication of ISO 9408 has been inserted and the footnote deleted;
— the remaining footnotes have been renumbered;
— in Annex C, errors in the key to Figure C.1 have been corrected and minor improvements made to the figure
itself;
— in the Bibliography, references [1] and [2] have been updated.
iii
© ISO
ISO 14851:1999(E)
Introduction
With the increasing use of plastics, their recovery and disposal have become a major issue. As a first priority,
recovery should be promoted. Complete recovery of plastics, however, is difficult. For example, plastic litter, which
comes mainly from consumers, is difficult to recover completely. Additional examples of plastics which are difficult to
recover are fishing tackle, agricultural mulches and water-soluble polymers. These plastic materials tend to leak
from closed waste-management cycles into the environment. Biodegradable plastics are now emerging as one of
the options available to solve such environmental problems. Plastic materials, such as products or packaging, which
are sent to composting facilities should be potentially biodegradable. Therefore it is very important to determine the
potential biodegradability of such materials and to obtain an indication of their biodegradability in natural
environments.
iv
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO ISO 14851:1999(E)
Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic
materials in an aqueous medium — Method by measuring the
oxygen demand in a closed respirometer
WARNING — Sewage, activated sludge, soil and compost may contain potentially pathogenic organisms.
Therefore appropriate precautions should be taken when handling them. Toxic test compounds and those
whose properties are unknown should be handled with care.
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a method, by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer, for the
determination of the degree of aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials, including those containing formulation
additives. The test material is exposed in an aqueous medium under laboratory conditions to an inoculum from
activated sludge, compost or soil.
If an unadapted activated sludge is used as the inoculum, the test simulates the biodegradation processes which
occur in a natural aqueous environment; if a mixed or pre-exposed inoculum is used, the method can be used to
investigate the potential biodegradability of a test material.
The conditions used in this International Standard do not necessarily correspond to the optimum conditions allowing
maximum biodegradation to occur, but the standard is designed to determine the potential biodegradability of plastic
materials or give an indication of their biodegradability in natural environments.
The method enables the assessment of the biodegradability to be improved by calculating a carbon balance
(optional, see annex E).
The method applies to the following materials:
Natural and/or synthetic polymers, copolymers or mixtures thereof.
Plastic materials which contain additives such as plasticizers, colorants or other compounds.
Water-soluble polymers.
Materials which, under the test conditions, do not inhibit the microorganisms present in the inoculum. Inhibitory
[3]
effects can be determined using an inhibition control or by another appropriate method (see e.g. ISO 8192 ). If
the test material is inhibitory to the inoculum, a lower test concentration, another inoculum or a pre-exposed
inoculum can be used.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this
International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to
revision, and parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
© ISO
ISO 14851:1999(E)
ISO 8245:1999,
Water quality — Guidelines for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved
organic carbon (DOC).
ISO 9408:1999, Water quality — Evaluation of ultimate aerobic biodegradability of organic compounds in aqueous
medium by determination of oxygen demand in a closed respirometer.
ISO 10634:1995, Water quality — Guidance for the preparation and treatment of poorly water-soluble organic
compounds for the subsequent evaluation of their biodegradability in an aqueous medium.
ISO/TR 15462:1997, Water quality — Selection of tests for biodegradability.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this International Standard, the following definitions apply:
3.1
ultimate aerobic biodegradation
the breakdown of an organic compound by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen into carbon dioxide, water
and mineral salts of any other elements present (mineralization) plus new biomass
3.2
activated sludge
biomass produced in the aerobic treatment of waste water by the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms in
the presence of dissolved oxygen
3.3
concentration of suspended solids in an activated sludge
the amount of solids obtained by filtration or centrifugation of a known volume of activated sludge and drying at
o
about 105 C to constant mass
3.4
biochemical oxygen demand
BOD
the mass concentration of the dissolved oxygen consumed under specified conditions by the aerobic biological
oxidation of a chemical compound or organic matter in water, expressed as milligrams of oxygen uptake per
milligram or gram of test compound
3.5
theoretical oxygen demand
ThOD
the theoretical maximum amount of oxygen required to oxidize a chemical compound completely, calculated from
the molecular formula, e
...
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