EN 1032:2003
(Main)Mechanical vibration - Testing of mobile machinery in order to determine the vibration emission value
Mechanical vibration - Testing of mobile machinery in order to determine the vibration emission value
This European Standard specifies the determination of whole-body and hand-arm vibration emission at operator's position(s) during testing of mobile machinery. The purpose of this European Standard is to assist technical standardization committees responsible for specific types of machinery in preparing vibration test codes to ensure that such vibration test codes: - enable users to make comparisons and to check the declared vibration emission values; - are as homogeneous as possible with each individual test code having the same basic structure; etc.
Mechanische Schwingungen - Prüfverfahren für bewegliche Maschinen zum Zwecke der Bestimmung des Schwingungsemissionswertes
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Ermittlung der Ganzkörper- und der Hand-Arm-Schwingungen an dem oder den Plätzen der Bedienungsperson während der Typprüfung beweglicher Maschinen fest. Der Zweck dieser Europäischen Norm besteht darin, technische Normungsgremien, die für bestimmte Maschinenarten zuständig sind, bei der Erstellung von Schwingungsmessnormen zu unterstützen, um sicherzustellen, daß diese Normen: - die Benutzer in die Lage versetzen, Vergleiche anzustellen und die angegebenen Schwingungskennwerte nachzuprüfen; etc.
Vibrations mécaniques - Essai des machines mobiles dans le but de déterminer la valeur d'émission vibratoire
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les conditions d'évaluation des émissions vibratoires transmises au corps entier ainsi qu'à l'ensemble main-bras au(x) poste(s) de conduite pendant l'essai de machines mobiles. Elle a pour but d'aider les comités techniques de normalisation responsables de types spécifiques de machines à élaborer des codes d'essai de vibrations, afin de garantir que ces codes :
¾ seront aussi homogènes que possible, chaque code particulier ayant la même structure de base ;
¾ seront parfaitement conformes aux normes fondamentales concernant le mesurage de l'émission vibratoire ;
¾ reflèteront les toutes dernières connaissances techniques en matière de méthodes de détermination de l'émission vibratoire de la famille spécifique des machines considérées ;
¾ fourniront aux constructeurs une méthode normalisée de détermination et de déclaration de la (des) valeur(s) d'émission vibratoire des machines qu'ils ont développées ;
¾ permettront à l'usager de la machine ou à un membre de l'organisme d'inspection de comparer les valeurs d'émission vibratoire de différentes machines et de vérifier les valeurs d'émission vibratoire déclarées par le constructeur.
La présente Norme européenne spécifie des exigences en vue de l'élaboration de codes d'essai de vibrations, tout en donnant des indications sur les conditions dans lesquelles doivent être effectués les mesurages (par exemple, conditions de fonctionnement). L'Annexe A récapitule les informations devant figurer dans un code type d'essai de vibrations.
Il convient que les codes d'essai de vibrations fondés sur la présente Norme européenne définissent des méthodes de mesure assurant une exactitude et une reproductibilité de résultats correspondant, dans la mesure du possible, aux valeurs mesurées dans des conditions de travail réelles. Pour la détermination de l'amplitude des vibrations devant figurer dans le manuel d'instructions, la présente Norme européenne exige des conditions de fonctionnement p
Mechanical vibration - Testing of mobile machinery in order to determine the vibration emission value
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 1032:2004
01-januar-2004
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 1032:2000
SIST EN 1032:2000/A1:2000
Mechanical vibration - Testing of mobile machinery in order to determine the
vibration emission value
Mechanical vibration - Testing of mobile machinery in order to determine the vibration
emission value
Mechanische Schwingungen - Prüfverfahren für bewegliche Maschinen zum Zwecke der
Bestimmung des Schwingungsemissionswertes
Vibrations mécaniques - Essai des machines mobiles dans le but de déterminer la valeur
d'émission vibratoire
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1032:2003
ICS:
13.160 Vpliv vibracij in udarcev na Vibration and shock with
ljudi respect to human beings
SIST EN 1032:2004 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1032
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2003
ICS 13.160 Supersedes EN 1032:1996
English version
Mechanical vibration - Testing of mobile machinery in order to
determine the vibration emission value
Vibrations mécaniques - Essai des machines mobiles dans Mechanische Schwingungen - Prüfverfahren für bewegliche
le but de déterminer la valeur d'émission vibratoire Maschinen zum Zwecke der Bestimmung des
Schwingungsemissionswertes
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 February 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1032:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 1032:2003 (E)
Contents
page
Foreword.4
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Basic standards .7
5 Description of a family of machines .7
6 Characterization of vibration.8
6.1 Direction of vibration.8
6.2 Location of measurement .9
6.3 Magnitude of vibration .9
6.4 Multi-axial vibration measurements.10
7 Instrumentation requirements.10
7.1 General.10
7.2 Mounting of transducers.10
7.3 Frequency weighting filter.11
7.4 Integration time.12
7.5 Sensitivity to environmental influences.12
7.6 Calibration of the measurement chain .12
7.7 Errors of measurement .12
7.8 Instrumentation other than vibration instrumentation .12
8 Testing and operating conditions of the machinery.12
8.1 General.12
8.2 Machine and equipment.13
8.3 Operating conditions and test tracks .14
8.4 Operators.14
8.5 Environmental parameters .14
9 Measurement procedure and validity .15
9.1 Measurement procedure .15
9.2 Validity of tests on artificial test tracks.15
10 Vibration emission value .16
10.1 Reported vibration values.16
10.2 Declaration of vibration emission values.16
10.3 Verification of vibration emission values.16
11 Measurement report .16
Annex A (informative) Summary of information to be given in the vibration test code.18
Annex B (informative) Frequency weighting curves.20
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EN 1032:2003 (E)
Annex C (informative) Possible sources of errors of measurement.22
Annex D (informative) Alternative method for determination of vibration emission value in seats when
a machine can be fitted with different models of seats.23
Annex E (informative) Procedure for developing a test method for a specific category of mobile
machines using artificial test track.24
Annex F (informative) Procedure for developing a test method for a specific category of mobile
machines using natural test track .26
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this document with EC Directives.30
Bibliography .31
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EN 1032:2003 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 1032:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 231 “Mechanical vibration
and shock”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by
endorsement, at the latest by October 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
October 2003.
This document supersedes EN 1032:1996.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
Annexes A to F are informative.
This document includes a Bibliography.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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EN 1032:2003 (E)
Introduction
Exposure to mechanical vibration from mobile machinery can interfere with comfort, working efficiency and, in
some circumstances, health and safety. The EC Machinery Directive, supported by the basic safety standards
EN 292, requires that machinery is designed and constructed so that the risks resulting from vibration emissions
are minimized and that where risks remain, despite such measures, the manufacturer shall supply warnings. It also
states that the magnitudes of vibration generated by mobile machinery shall be noted in the relevant instruction
handbook in terms of root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value of frequency-weighted acceleration. This European Standard
is limited to test methods and measurements related to fulfilment of the second statement. Knowledge of whole-
body and hand-transmitted vibration emission values will aid the selection of low-vibration machinery.
The vibration emission determined by a test code should be in proportion to the magnitude of the vibration hazard.
In some cases (for example, where the vibration emission at the seat contains shocks) the r.m.s. values
determined by the test code cannot adequately represent the vibration hazard. Test codes should provide guidance
on how to warn of vibration risk (residual risk) in these cases.
However, the EC Machinery Directive does not require specific declaration of the magnitude of shocks. Therefore
in this European Standard, only requirements for evaluation of r.m.s. values are given, together with general
requirements for testing and evaluating whole-body and hand-transmitted vibration emissions of mobile machinery
as a basis for technical committees responsible for the preparation of vibration test codes.
Standardized vibration test codes are required for many purposes, e.g. to fulfil legal requirements, as well as for
trade agreements, aspects of work environment, vibration control, planning of process and work.
In order to prepare a vibration test code for a specific family of machinery it is essential to establish additional
requirements for that family, e.g. installation and mounting conditions, operating conditions, measurement
positions, measurement directions, vibration declaration, information to be reported.
It is essential when developing a test code for declaration of vibration emission to define a procedure to collect
representative vibration values for the machine, to identify causes of variability, to validate the test method and to
evaluate the reproducibility of results.
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EN 1032:2003 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the determination of whole-body and hand-arm vibration emissions at operator
position(s) during testing of mobile machinery. The purpose of this European Standard is to assist technical
standardization committees responsible for specific types of machinery in preparing vibration test codes to ensure
that such vibration test codes
— are as homogeneous as possible with each individual test code having the same basic structure;
— are in full accordance with basic standards on measurement of vibration emission;
— reflect the latest technical knowledge of methods of determining the vibration emission from the specific family
of machinery under consideration;
— provide manufacturers with a standardized method for the determination and declaration of the vibration
emission value(s) of their machinery;
— enable the user of the machinery or the member of an inspection body to compare the vibration emission
values of different machinery and to verify the vibration emission values provided by the manufacturer.
This European Standard provides requirements for the preparation of vibration test codes, including guidelines for
the conditions under which the measurements shall be made (e.g. operating conditions). Information to be included
in a typical vibration test code is summarized in annex A.
Vibration test codes based on this European Standard should define measuring procedures which provide accurate
and reproducible results which are as far as possible in agreement with values measured under real working
conditions. For determination of the magnitude of the vibration to be noted in the instruction handbook, this
European Standard requires operating conditions enabling the determination of the 75-percentile of the vibration
experienced at the operator's position during the mode of operation causing the highest vibration.
This European Standard applies to sitting and standing positions. It is applicable to all mobile machinery producing
periodic or random vibration with or without transients. Rotational vibration is not dealt with in this European
Standard.
This European Standard contains sufficient guidance for designing an appropriate test for machinery for which no
vibration test codes exist. It can also be used for the determination of vibration emission values of individual
machines.
This European Standard does not present limits or recommended vibration values.
In general, the emission values should not be used for assessment of the health risk. This European Standard
does not give any guidance or recommendations for determination of human exposure to vibration and shock.
NOTE For such information, reference is made to ISO 2631-1 and EN ISO 5349-1.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references, the latest edition of the
publication referred to apply (including amendments).
EN 12096, Mechanical vibration — Declaration and verification of vibration emission values.
ENV 28041, Human response to vibration — Measuring instrumentation (ISO 8041:1990).
EN 30326-1, Mechanical vibration — Laboratory method for evaluating vehicle seat vibration — Part 1: Basic
requirements (ISO 10326-1:1992).
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EN 1032:2003 (E)
ISO 2041:1990, Vibration and shock — Vocabulary.
ISO 5347 (all parts), Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock pick-ups.
ISO 5348, Mechanical vibration and shock — Mechanical mounting of accelerometers.
ISO 5805:1997, Mechanical vibration and shock — Human exposure — Vocabulary.
ISO 16063 (all parts), Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041:1990 and ISO 5805:1997
and the following apply.
3.1
vibration test code
type-C standard relative to a specified family or sub-family or type of machinery, which gives all the information
necessary to carry out efficiently the determination, declaration and verification of the vibration emission values,
with the purpose of ensuring compatibility and allowing comparison of test results.
NOTE Data produced using a vibration test code may be used as a means of warning of residual risk from vibration.
3.2
mode of operation
task performed by a mobile machine, for which a vibration emission value is determined
EXAMPLE travelling, towing, lifting, excavating
3.3
operating conditions
parameters which affect the vibration emission of a mobile machine for a particular mode of operation
EXAMPLE travelling speed, travelling surface, weight of load, material being excavated
4 Basic standards
This European Standard together with EN 12096 shall be considered as basic standards when preparing a
vibration test code for mobile machinery.
EN 12096 gives guidance on how to declare the vibration emission values of machinery, and specifies
requirements for verification of declared values.
Those responsible for preparing a vibration test code for a specific family of mobile machinery shall follow the
requirements of these two European Standards.
5 Description of a family of machines
The family or type of machinery covered by the vibration test code shall be described unambiguously and in detail.
In describing the configuration of the machinery, a vibration test code shall
— identify any additional equipment, e.g. tools, used in the operation of the machine under test and which may
influence the vibration emission;
— specify the selection of optional components, devices or sub-assemblies, e.g. tyres or seats, which may
influence the vibration emission and which shall be used during the determination of vibration emission values.
It may be appropriate to divide a family of machinery into sub-families requiring different conditions of testing.
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EN 1032:2003 (E)
6 Characterization of vibration
6.1 Direction of vibration
6.1.1 Translational whole-body vibration transmitted to the human body is related to the appropriate directions of an
orthogonal coordinate system (see Figure 1).
The terminology commonly used in biodynamics relates the coordinate systems to the human skeleton in a normal
anatomical position. The directions are as follows:
— x-direction: back to chest,
— y-direction: right side to left side,
— z-direction: foot (or buttocks) to head.
Key
1 Supporting surface
NOTE For description of the directions, see 6.1.1.
Figure 1 — Directions of the basicentric coordinate system for mechanical whole-body vibration
influencing human beings
6.1.2 Translational hand-transmitted vibration from a steering wheel is related to the steering wheel as follows:
— x-direction: the radial direction,
— y-direction: the direction tangential to the rim of the steering wheel,
— z-direction: the direction orthogonal to both the x-direction and the y-direction.
These directions are illustrated in Figure 2.
NOTE 1 For some machines, a steering control is used instead of a steering wheel. In such cases the directions should be
specified in the vibration test code.
NOTE 2 If measurements are to be made also in controls other than those for steering (e.g. levers), the vibration test code
should specify the directions.
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EN 1032:2003 (E)
NOTE For description of the directions, see 6.1.2.
Figure 2 — Directions of measurement on steering wheels
6.2 Location of measurement
6.2.1 For whole-body vibration measurements, vibration should be determined as close as possible to the point or
area through which the vibration is transmitted to the body.
a) In the case where the exposed persons are sitting, the transducer mounted in a semi-rigid disc (see 7.2) shall
be placed on the surface of the seat such that the transducer is located midway between the ischial
tuberosities of the seated person. For comfort reasons, it is acceptable if the centre of the disc is located
slightly in front (up to 5 cm) of the ischial tuberosities.
b) In the case where the exposed persons are standing on a driving or a working platform, the transducer shall be
located with the operator standing as in Figure 1 with the transducer midway between the arches of the feet.
NOTE Backrest vibration is not dealt with in this European Standard.
6.2.2 For hand-transmitted vibration measurements, vibration should be determined as close as possible to the
point or area through which the vibration is transmitted to the hand.
Measurements on the steering wheel shall be carried out adjacent to the normal position of a hand guiding the
steering wheel.
If the test code also requires measurements to be made on controls (e.g. levers), they shall be carried out as close
as possible to the hand which touches the control in a normal way.
6.3 Magnitude of vibration
2
The quantity used to describe the magnitude of vibration shall be frequency-weighted acceleration in m/s ,
expressed as a root-mean-square (r.m.s.) value a .
w
Frequency weightings to be used are defined in 7.3.
The acceleration a in accordance with this European Standard is defined as the r.m.s. value of the frequency-
w
weighted acceleration signal a (t):
w
1/ 2
T
Ø ø
1
2
Œ œ
a = a (t) dt (1)
w w
Œ T œ
º 0 ß
Requirements for the integration time T are given in 7.4.
NOTE 1 Frequency analysis is recommended in order to check the validity of the measurements and to provide information
for the improvement of designs.
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EN 1032:2003 (E)
NOTE 2 The measurement of hand-transmitted vibration should be inspected for the effects of operator-induced movements
and either these effects removed from the signal or a period selected for analysis which is free of these artefacts.
6.4 Multi-axial vibration measurements
The measurements shall normally be made in three directions. The following values shall be determined.
— For whole-body vibration: a , a , a (2a)
wx wy wz
a = max{1,4 a , 1,4 a , a } (2b)
w max wx wy wz
— For hand-transmitted vibration: a , a , a (3a)
hwx hwy hwz
1/ 2
2 2 2
a =[]a + a + a (3b)
hv hwx hwy hwz
where
a , a and a (for hand-transmitted vibration a , a and a ) are the r.m.s. values of the frequency-
wx wy wz hwx hwy hwz
weighted acceleration in the x-direction, y-direction and z-direction, respectively
NOTE Where it is shown that there is a dominant direction, the vibration test code can specify that the vibration be
measured in one direction only, which needs to be stated. For hand-transmitted vibration, in this case the value ahv is the r.m.s.
value of the weighted acceleration in that direction.
A direction can be regarded as dominant when the r.m.s. value of the frequency-weighted acceleration in each of the other
directions, in the case of whole-body vibration multiplied by 1,4 for x- and y-directions, is less than 66 % of that in the dominant
direction.
7 Instrumentation requirements
7.1 General
Unless otherwise specified by the relevant vibration test code the dynamic range, sensitivity, accuracy, linearity and
overload capacity of the vibration measuring system shall be in accordance with ENV 28041.
Measuring equipment may comprise
— transducers (usually accelerometers),
— conditioning amplifiers and filters,
— telemetry set (optional),
— recorders and/or meters.
The tolerances of the vibration measuring instrumentation are specified into two types in ENV 28041. Type 2
instrumentation can normally be used for determination of the vibration emission values. If, for higher accuracy, the
use of type 1 instrumentation is required, this shall be specified in the relevant vibration test code.
7.2 Mounting of transducers
Accelerometers shall normally be used for measurement of vibration emissions. The mounting of accelerometers
shall be in accordance with ISO 5348 and the transducer manufacturer’s instructions. Transducers oriented in
different directions at a single measurement location shall be as close together as possible. Care should be taken
to ensure, as far as practicable, that neither the mass of the measuring device and its fixture, nor any local
resonances, affect significantly the measured value.
The transducers used for the measurement in the seat shall be mounted in a semi-rigid disc which is defined in
EN 30326-1 and described as follows (see Figure 3).
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EN 1032:2003 (E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 Thin metal disc for accelerometer mount and added centre rigidity
2 Appropriate cavity for accelerometer(s)
Figure 3 — Design of a semi-rigid mounting disc
The disc shall be as thin as possible and be of approximately 80 Shore-A to 90 Shore-A moulded rubber or plastic
material.
NOTE 1 For practical reasons, it is usually not possible to perfectly align the accelerometers in the disc with the directions of
the basicentric coordinate system. In a tolerance range within 15° of the appropriate directions the accelerometers can be
–
considered as aligned parallel to these directions.
The transducers used for the measurement at the feet of a standing operator shall be rigidly fixed on the working
platform. If the working platform is covered by a resilient material, the transducers may be mounted in the middle of
a rigid metal plate (about 300 mm · 400 mm) with the operator standing on the plate.
The transducers used for hand-transmitted vibration measurements on the steering wheel shall be mounted firmly
to the steering wheel, for example by using a threaded stud or clamp. The total mass of the accelerometers and
mounting devices (stud or clamp) should not be more than 50 g (and preferably not more than 30 g). The mounting
device should be selected to minimize the distance between the accelerometers and the vibrating surface of the
steering wheel and the distance should not exceed 15 mm.
NOTE 2 There are several problems in making repeatable measurements on a steering wheel. In particular, the
measurement can be strongly affected by steering movements made by the operator. Care is needed to minimize these, e.g. by
making the measurements during travelling on a straight course.
NOTE 3 Tangling of signal carrying wires on the steering column can be eliminated by attaching the wires to a spoke on the
steering wheel and trailing them to the centre of the wheel.
Alternative mounting conditions or specific formed mounting discs or adaptors may be specified in the specific
vibration test code.
7.3 Frequency weighting filter
The frequency weighting filter used for the determination of the vibration value is composed of two parts:
a) a band-limiting filter (band-pass filter), which defines the cut-off at the low- and high-frequency corners of the
weighting functions;
b) a weighting filter defining the weighting of the acceleration signal in the frequency range 0,5 Hz to 80 Hz for
whole-body vibration, 8 Hz to 1000 Hz for hand-transmitted vibration.
NOTE 1 For whole-body vibration, if it has been established that the frequency range below 1 Hz is not relevant nor
important, the vibration test code can limit the frequency range to 1 Hz to 80 Hz (for artificial testing, the test code can also
specify a more limited frequency range than 1 Hz to 80 Hz). If a frequency range other than 0,5 Hz to 80 Hz is used, the cut-off
corners of the band-pass filter should be adjusted accordingly.
NOTE 2 The frequency weighting can be applied in the time domain or in the frequency domain.
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EN 1032:2003 (E)
The whole-body frequency weighting curves W and W and the hand-arm frequency weighting curve W are
d k h
illustrated in annex B for information. For instrumentation requirements, analytical expressions and numerical
tables, see ENV 28041 (including its amendment).
7.4 Integration time
An integrating device equipped with linear integration facilities shall be used in order to obtain r.m.s. values. The
integration time shall be defined in the relevant vibration test code and
...
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