EN 480-11:2005

Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Test methods - Part 11: Determination of air void characteristics in hardened concrete

This European Standard describes a test method for determination of the air- void structure in a hardened concrete sample which contains entrained air. The air-void structure is described by means of the following parameters, which are defined in clause 3.  i) Total air content, ii) Specific surface of air void system, iii) Spacing factor, iv) Air-void size distribution, v) Micro air content.

Zusatzmittel für Beton, Mörtel und Einpressmörtel -Prüfverfahren - Teil 11: Bestimmung von Luftporenkennwerten in Festbeton

Dieses Dokument beschreibt ein Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung des Luftporengefüges in einer Festbetonprobe, die luftporenbildende Zusatzmittel enthält. Das Luftporengefüge wird durch die folgenden Kenngrößen beschrieben, die in Abschnitt 3 näher definiert sind:
i)   gesamter Luftporengehalt;
ii)   spezifische Oberfläche eingeführter Luftporen;
iii)   Abstandsfaktor;
iv)   Porengrößenverteilung;
v)   Gehalt an Mikroluftporen.
Das beschriebene Verfahren ist ausschließlich für Probekörper aus Beton geeignet, dessen ursprüngliches Mischungsverhältnis genauestens bekannt ist, wobei der Probekörper für dieses Mischungsverhältnis repräsentativ ist. Dies ist im Allgemeinen nur bei im Labor hergestelltem Beton der Fall.

Adjuvants pour bétons, mortiers et coulis - Méthodes d'essai -Partie 11: Détermination des caractéristiques des vides d'air dans le béton durci

La présente Norme européenne décrit une méthode d�essai permettant de déterminer la structure des vides
d�air dans un échantillon de béton durci contenant des adjuvants entraîneurs d�air. Cette structure est décrite
au moyen des paramètres suivants, définis dans l�Article 3.
i) Teneur totale en air
ii) Surface spécifique des vides d�air
iii) Facteur d�espacement
iv) Distribution dimensionnelle des vides d�air
v) Teneur en microvides d�air
La méthode décrite ne s�applique qu�aux éprouvettes de béton durci dont on connaît avec précision la
composition, l�éprouvette étant représentative des proportions du mélange. En général, c�est uniquement le
cas du béton fabriqué en laboratoire.

Kemijski dodatki za beton, malto in injekcijsko maso – Preskusne metode – 11. del: Ugotavljanje značilnosti zračnih por v strjenem betonu

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 27-Sep-2005
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Mar-2006
• ICS: 91.100.30 - Concrete and concrete products
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 104 - Concrete ( performance, production, placing and compliance criteria )
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 104/SC 3 - Admixtures for concrete
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Completion Date: 01-Jul-2022
• Directive: 305/2011 - Regulation (eu) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 march 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing council directive 89/106/eec
• Directive: 89/106/EEC - Construction products
• Mandate: M/128 - Mandate to CEN/CENELEC concerning the execution of standardization work for harmonized standards on products for concrete, mortar and grout
• Ref Project: SIST EN 480-11:2005 - Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Test methods - Part 11: Determination of air void characteristics in hardened concrete

Relations

• Replaces: EN 480-11:1998 - Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Test methods - Part 11: Determination of air void characteristics in hardened concrete
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2005
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 480-11:2002
.HPLMVNLGRGDWNL]DEHWRQPDOWRLQLQMHNFLMVNRPDVR±3UHVNXVQHPHWRGH±
GHO8JRWDYOMDQMH]QDþLOQRVWL]UDþQLKSRUYVWUMHQHPEHWRQX
Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Test methods - Part 11: Determination of air
void characteristics in hardened concrete
Zusatzmittel für Beton, Mörtel und Einpressmörtel -Prüfverfahren - Teil 11: Bestimmung
von Luftporenkennwerten in Festbeton
Adjuvants pour bétons, mortiers et coulis - Méthodes d'essai -Partie 11: Détermination
des caractéristiques des vides d'air dans le béton durci
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 480-11:2005
ICS:
91.100.10 Cement. Mavec. Apno. Malta Cement. Gypsum. Lime.
Mortar
91.100.30 Beton in betonski izdelki Concrete and concrete
products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 480-11
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2005
ICS 91.100.30 Supersedes EN 480-11:1998
English Version
Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Test methods - Part
11: Determination of air void characteristics in hardened
concrete
Adjuvants pour bétons, mortiers et coulis - Méthodes Zusatzmittel für Beton, Mörtel und Einpressmörtel -
d'essai -Partie 11: Détermination des caractéristiques des Prüfverfahren - Teil 11: Bestimmung von
vides d'air dans le béton durci Luftporenkennwerten in Festbeton
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 July 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 480-11:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions.4
4 Principle.5
5 Equipment .6
5.1 General .6
5.2 Specimen preparation .6
5.3 Microscopical analysis .6
6 Specimen production and preparation.7
6.1 Specimen production .7
6.2 Preparation of test surface.7
7 Microscopic procedure.8
7.1 Basic procedure.8
7.2 Values recorded .9
8 Calculations.10
8.1 Data obtained .10
8.2 Total traverse length.10
8.3 Total air content .10
8.4 Total number of chords measured .10
8.5 Specific surface of the air.11
8.6 Paste: air ratio .11
8.7 Spacing factor .11
8.8 Micro-air content.11

8.9 Air void distribution.11
9 Test report .13

Annex A (informative) Theoretical basis of calculation involved in Table 1 .15
Annex B (informative) Worked example of the calculation of air void distribution.18

Foreword
This European Standard (EN 480-11:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104
“Concrete and related products”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by March 2006.
This document is part of the series EN 480 "Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Test methods" which
comprises the following
Part 1 Reference concrete and reference mortar for testing
Part 2 Determination of setting time
Part 4 Determination of bleeding of concrete
Part 5 Determination of capillary absorption
Part 6 Infrared analysis
Part 8 Determination of the conventional dry material content
Part 10 Determination of water soluble chloride content
Part 11 Determination of air void characteristics in hardened concrete
Part 12 Determination of the alkali content of admixtures
Part 13 Reference masonry mortar for testing mortar admixtures
Part 14 Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Test methods - Part 14: Measurement of corrosion
1)
susceptibility of reinforcing steel in concrete - Potentiostatic electro-chemical test method
This document is applicable together with the other standards of the EN 480 series.
This document supersedes EN 480-11:1998.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
1) This part is under preparation
1 Scope
This document describes a test method for determination of the air-void structure in a hardened concrete sample
which contains entrained air. The air-void structure is described by means of the following parameters, which are
defined in Clause 3.
i) Total air content
ii) Specific surface of air void system
iii) Spacing factor
iv) Air-void size distribution
v) Micro air content
The method as described is only suitable for use on hardened concrete specimens where the original mix
proportions of the concrete are accurately known and the specimen is representative of these mix proportions.
This will generally be the case only where the concrete concerned is produced in a laboratory.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 480-1, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Test methods – Part 1: Reference concrete and
reference mortar for testing;
EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – Part 2: Concrete admixtures –Definitions, requirements,
conformity, marking and labelling
ISO 1920-3, Testing of concrete - Part 3: Making and curing test specimens
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
air void
space enclosed by the cement paste that was filled with air or other gas prior to the setting of the paste. This
does not refer to voids of submicroscopic dimensions, such as the porosity inherent in a hydrated cement
paste. For the purposes of this test method, all voids within the cement paste are considered that are visible at
the test magnification with an intercepted chord length of up to 4 mm, other than obvious cracks
3.2
total air content A
proportion of the total volume of the concrete that is air voids; expressed as a percentage by volume
3.3
paste content P
proportion of the total volume of the concrete that is hardened cement paste, expressed as a percentage by
volume. This is the sum of the proportional volumes of cement, mixing water and any admixtures present. For
the purposes of this test method it is calculated from the batch weights of the test concrete.
3.4
specific surface of air void system α
-
calculated parameter representing the total surface area of the air voids divided by their volume; units are mm
. The calculation method used is based on the average chord length and is valid for any system of spherical
voids
3.5
spacing factor
calculated parameter related to the maximum distance of any point in the cement paste from the periphery of
an air void, measured through the cement paste; units are mm. The calculation of this parameter assumes
that all air voids present are of uniform size and are evenly distributed through the cement paste such that the
model system has the same total volume and surface area as the real system
NOTE This model is an approximation; the value obtained is probably larger than the actual value.
3.6
air-void distribution
set of calculated values of the number and/or volume of air voids of various diameters within the hardened
cement paste
NOTE The model used for this calculation assumes that only voids having diameters of certain discrete values are
present. This model will therefore lie between the real case and the single diameter model that is used in the calculation of
the spacing factor. A graphical representation of the distribution can be obtained by plotting the volume of air attributable
to each size of void, either as a volume percentage of the cement paste or as a proportion of the total air content.
3.7
micro air content A
calculated parameter representing the air content attributed to air voids of 0,3 mm (300 µm) diameter or less.
The value for this parameter is obtained during the calculation of the air void distribution
3.8
traverse line
One of a series of lines across the polished specimen face traced by the relative motion of the microscope and
specimen during the test
3.9
length of traverse T
tot
total distance traversed across the surface of the specimens during the test measurement. It is made up of two
parts, the total traverse across the surface on solid phases, T , and across air voids, T , in each case the units
s a
are mm
3.10
chord length l
distance along the traverse line across an air void, units are µm
3.11
chord length classification
chord lengths across individual air voids are classified into classes based on the length of the chord. The total
number of chords in any particular class, i, is designated by C. in8.9 and Table 1 contain details of the boundary
i
values for the classes
4 Principle
Hardened samples of air-entrained concrete are sectioned perpendicular to the original free upper surface to
produce specimens for analysis. These specimens are then ground and polished to produce a smooth flat
surface finish suitable for microscopic investigation.
The air void structure is examined by scanning along a series of traverse lines running parallel to the original free
upper surface. The number of air voids intersected by the traverse lines are recorded, as are the individual chord
lengths
...