FprEN ISO 4210-4

Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 4: Braking test methods (ISO 4210-4:2023)

This document specifies the braking test methods for ISO 4210‑2.

Fahrräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen an Fahrräder - Teil 4: Prüfverfahren für Bremsen (ISO 4210-4:2023)

Dieses Dokument legt die Prüfverfahren für Bremsen nach ISO 4210-2 fest.

Cycles - Exigences de sécurité pour les bicyclettes - Partie 4: Méthodes d'essai de freinage (ISO 4210-4:2023)

Kolesa - Varnostne zahteve za kolesa - 4. del: Preskusne metode za zavore (ISO/FDIS 4210-4:2022)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 24-Jan-2023
• ICS: 43.150 - Cycles
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 333 - Cycles
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 333 - Cycles
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 25-Jan-2023
• Completion Date: 25-Jan-2023
• Ref Project: kSIST FprEN ISO 4210-4:2022 - Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 4: Braking test methods (ISO/FDIS 4210-4:2022)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO 4210-4:2014 - Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 4: Braking test methods (ISO 4210-4:2014)
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
01-januar-2022
Kolesa - Varnostne zahteve za kolesa - 4. del: Preskusne metode za zavore
(ISO/DIS 4210-4:2021)

Cycles - Safety requirements for bicycles - Part 4: Braking test methods (ISO/DIS 4210-

4:2021)

Fahrräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen an Fahrräder - Teil 4: Prüfverfahren

für Bremsen (ISO/DIS 4210-4:2021)

Cycles - Exigences de sécurité des bicyclettes - Partie 4 : Méthodes d'essai de freinage

(ISO/DIS 4210-4:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 4210-4
ICS:
43.150 Kolesa Cycles
oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/DIS 4210-4
ISO/TC 149/SC 1 Secretariat: JISC
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-11-05 2022-01-28
Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles —
Part 4:
Braking test methods
Cycles — Exigences de sécurité des bicyclettes —
Partie 4: Méthodes d'essai de freinage
ICS: 43.150
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/DIS 4210-4:2021(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. ISO 2021
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
ISO/DIS 4210-4:2021(E)
ISO/DIS 4210-4:2021(E)
Contents

This template allows you to work with default MS Word functions and styles. You can use these if you want

to maintain the Table of Contents automatically and apply auto-numbering.
To update the Table of Contents please select it and press "F9".

Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................ iv

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ................................................................................................................................. 1

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................ 1

4 Test methods ................................................................................................................................................. 1

4.1 Brake lever grip dimensions.................................................................................................................... 1

4.1.1 Test method for the brake lever similar to type A or type B ................................................. 1

4.1.2 Test method for the brake lever similar to type C ..................................................................... 3

4.2 Brake levers — Position of applied force ............................................................................................ 5

4.2.1 Type A and B brake levers .................................................................................................................. 5

4.2.2 Type C brake levers............................................................................................................................... 5

4.3 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — Security test ............................................................... 6

4.4 Hand-operated braking-system — Strength test.............................................................................. 7

4.5 Back-pedal braking system — Strength test ...................................................................................... 7

4.6 Braking performance ................................................................................................................................. 8

4.6.1 Test bicycle .............................................................................................................................................. 8

4.6.2 Secondary brake levers ....................................................................................................................... 8

4.6.3 Track test method ................................................................................................................................. 8

4.6.4 Back-pedal brake linearity test ..................................................................................................... 18

4.6.5 Machine test method ......................................................................................................................... 19

4.7 Brakes — Heat-resistance test ............................................................................................................. 25

Annex A (informative) Explanation of the method of least squares for obtaining the line of

best fit and ±20 % limit lines for braking performance linearity ..................................... 27

Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................... 30

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2021

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

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ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
ISO/DIS 4210-4:2021(E)
Contents

This template allows you to work with default MS Word functions and styles. You can use these if you want

to maintain the Table of Contents automatically and apply auto-numbering.
To update the Table of Contents please select it and press "F9".

Foreword ................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ................................................................................................................................. 1

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................ 1

4 Test methods ................................................................................................................................................. 1

4.1 Brake lever grip dimensions ................................................................................................................... 1

4.1.1 Test method for the brake lever similar to type A or type B .................................................. 1

4.1.2 Test method for the brake lever similar to type C ..................................................................... 3

4.2 Brake levers — Position of applied force ............................................................................................ 5

4.2.1 Type A and B brake levers .................................................................................................................. 5

4.2.2 Type C brake levers............................................................................................................................... 5

4.3 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — Security test ............................................................... 6

4.4 Hand-operated braking-system — Strength test .............................................................................. 7

4.5 Back-pedal braking system — Strength test ...................................................................................... 7

4.6 Braking performance ................................................................................................................................. 8

4.6.1 Test bicycle .............................................................................................................................................. 8

4.6.2 Secondary brake levers ....................................................................................................................... 8

4.6.3 Track test method ................................................................................................................................. 8

4.6.4 Back-pedal brake linearity test ..................................................................................................... 18

4.6.5 Machine test method ......................................................................................................................... 19

4.7 Brakes — Heat-resistance test ............................................................................................................. 25

Annex A (informative) Explanation of the method of least squares for obtaining the line of

best fit and ±20 % limit lines for braking performance linearity ..................................... 27

Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................... 30

© ISO 2021 – All rights reserved iii
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
ISO/DIS 4210-4:2021(E)
Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO

collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any

patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on

the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World

Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 149, Cycles, Subcommittee SC 1, Cycles and

major sub-assemblies.

This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4210-4:2014), which has been technically

revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— xxx xxxxxxx xxx xxxx
A list of all parts in the ISO 4210 series can be found on the ISO website.

Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A

complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
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Introduction

This International Standard has been developed in response to the demand throughout the world. The

aim is to ensure that bicycles manufactured in compliance with this International Standard will be as safe

as is practically possible. The tests are designed to ensure the strength and durability of individual parts

as well as of the bicycle as a whole, demanding high quality throughout and consideration of safety

aspects from the design stage onwards.

The scope is limited to safety considerations, and has specifically avoided standardization of components.

If the bicycle is to be used on public roads, national regulations apply.
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/DIS 4210-4:2021(E)
1 Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 4: Braking test
2 methods
3 1 Scope
4 This part of ISO 4210 specifies the braking test methods for ISO 4210-2.
5 2 Normative references

6 The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

7 constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

8 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

9 ISO 4210-1, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 1: Terms and definitions

10 ISO 4210-2, Cycles — Safety requirements for bicycles — Part 2: Requirements for city & trekking, young

11 adult, mountain and racing bicycles
12 3 Terms and definitions

13 For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4210-1 apply.

14 ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

15 — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
16 — IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
17 4 Test methods
18 4.1 Brake lever grip dimensions
19 4.1.1 Test method for the brake lever similar to type A or type B

20 Fit the gauge illustrated in Figure 1 over the handlebar grip or the handlebar (when the manufacturer

21 does not fit a grip) and the brake lever as shown in Figure 2 so that face A is in contact with the handlebar

22 or grip and the side of the brake lever. Ensure that face B spans an area of that part of the brake lever

23 which is intended for contact with the rider's fingers without the gauge causing any movement of the

24 brake lever towards the handlebar or grip. Measure the distance, a, the distance between the last part of

25 the lever intended for contact with the rider's fingers and the end of the lever. The measurement should

26 be conducted only on a fully assembled bicycle.
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
ISO/DIS 4210-4:2021(E)
27 Dimensions in millimetres
29 Key
A face A
B face B
C rod
D 75 mm or 90 mm
30 Figure 1 — Brake lever grip dimension gauge for type A and type B
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
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a) Type A
b) Type B
31 Figure 2 — Method of fitting the gauge to the brake lever and handlebar
32 4.1.2 Test method for the brake lever similar to type C

33 Fit the gauge illustrated in Figure 3 over the handlebar and brake lever as shown in Figure 4 so that face

34 A is in contact with the handlebar or handlebar grip and the brake lever. Put the face of cylinder B in

35 contact with the part of the grip intended for contact with the rider’s hand and check if the requirements

36 are met. In the case of brake lever with position adjustment, check if the requirements are met in a specific

37 range of the adjustable range.
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
ISO/DIS 4210-4:2021(E)
38 Dimensions in millimetres
40 Key
A face A
B face of cylinder
C rod
41 Figure 3 — Brake lever grip-dimension gauge for type C

43 Figure 4 — Method of fitting the gauge to the brake lever and handlebar for type C

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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
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44 4.2 Brake levers — Position of applied force
45 4.2.1 Type A and B brake levers

46 For the purposes of braking tests in this part of ISO 4210, for brake levers similar to type A or type B, the

47 test force shall be applied at a distance b, which is equal to either dimension a [see ISO 4210-2, Figure 2

48 a) and b)] as determined in 4.1.1 or 25 mm from the free end of the brake lever, whichever is the greater

49 [see Figure 5 a) and Figure 5 b)].
50 4.2.2 Type C brake levers

51 For the purposes of braking tests in this part of ISO 4210, for brake levers similar to type C, the test force

52 shall be applied at a distance of 25 mm from the free end of the brake lever [see Figure 5 c)].

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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
ISO/DIS 4210-4:2021(E)
a) Type A b) Type B
c) Type C
53 Key
F applied force
b ≥ 25 mm
54 Figure 5 — Position of applied force on the brake lever
55 4.3 Brake-block and brake-pad assemblies — Security test

56 Conduct the test on a fully assembled bicycle with the brakes adjusted to a correct position with a rider

57 or equivalent mass on the saddle. The combined mass of the bicycle and rider (or equivalent mass) shall

58 be 100 kg.
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
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59 Actuate each brake lever with a force of 180 N applied at the point specified in Figure 5 or a force

60 sufficient to bring the brake lever into contact with the handlebar grip, whichever is lesser. Maintain this

61 force while subjecting the bicycle to five forward and five rearward movements, each of which is not less

62 than 75 mm distance.

63 Then conduct the test described in 4.4 or 4.5 as appropriate, depending on the style of brake, and then

64 the test described in 4.6.
65 4.4 Hand-operated braking-system — Strength test

66 Conduct the test on a fully assembled bicycle. After it has been ensured that the braking system is adjusted

67 according to the recommendations in the manufacturer's instructions, apply a force to the brake lever at

68 the point specified in Figure 5. This force shall be 450 N, or such lesser force as is required to bring

69 a) a brake lever into contact with the handlebar grip or the handlebar where the manufacturer does not

70 fit a grip,

71 b) a brake extension lever level with the surface of the handlebar or in contact with the handlebar, and

72 c) a secondary brake lever to the end of its travel.

73 Repeat the test 10 times on each brake lever, secondary brake lever, or extension lever.

74 4.5 Back-pedal braking system — Strength test

75 Conduct the test on a fully assembled bicycle. After it has been ensured that the braking system is

76 correctly adjusted, and with the pedal cranks in a horizontal position, as shown in Figure 6, apply a

77 vertically downward force to the centre of the left-hand pedal spindle. Increase the force progressively

78 to 1 500 N and maintain fully for 1 min.
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80 Key
1 chain
2 hub sprocket
3 non-drive side crank
4 cycle chain wheel and pedal crank
5 point of force application
6 pedal
81 Figure 6 — Back-pedal brake test
82 4.6 Braking performance
83 4.6.1 Test bicycle

84 Conduct the braking performance test on a fully assembled bicycle after the brakes have been subjected

85 to the strength test detailed in ISO 4210-2, 4.6.6, and 4.6.7. Before testing the bicycle by either method,

86 inflate the tyres and adjust the brakes to the nominal reach position according to the manufacturer's

87 instructions. In the case of rim-brakes, adjust it to the maximum clearance specified by the manufacturer.

88 4.6.2 Secondary brake levers

89 Where a bicycle is fitted with secondary brake levers attached to brake levers, bar-ends, or aerodynamic

90 extensions, separate tests shall be conducted for the operation of the secondary brake levers in addition

91 to tests with the normal levers.
92 4.6.3 Track test method
93 4.6.3.1 Test track

94 a) Use an indoor test track if possible. If an outdoor test track is used, pay special attention to ambient

95 conditions throughout the test. The ambient temperature while performing the test shall be

96 20 °C ±10 °C.
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
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97 b) The gradient of the track shall not exceed 0,5 %. If the gradient is less than 0,2 % carry out all runs

98 in the same direction. If the gradient lies between 0,2 % and 0,5 %, carry out alternate runs in

99 opposite directions.

100 c) The surface shall be hard, of concrete or fine asphalt, and free from loose dirt or gravel. The minimum

101 coefficient of friction between the dry surface and the bicycle tyre shall be 0,75.

102 d) The track shall be essentially dry at the commencement of tests. When testing to the requirements

103 of 4.6.3.6, the track shall remain dry throughout the tests.
104 e) The wind speed on the track shall not exceed 3 m/s during the tests.
105 4.6.3.2 Instrumentation

106 The test bicycle or the test track shall be instrumented to include the following:

107 a) a calibrated speedometer or tachometer (accurate to within ±5 %) to indicate to the rider the

108 approximate speed at the commencement of braking;

109 b) a velocity-recording device (accurate to within ±2 %) to record the velocity at the commencement of

110 braking;

111 c) a distance recording system (accurate to within ±1 %) to record the braking distance;

112 d) a water spray system, to provide wetting of the braking surface, consisting of a water reservoir

113 connected by tubing to a pair of nozzles at the front wheel and a pair of nozzles at the rear wheel. A

114 quick-acting on/off valve shall be included for control by the rider. Each nozzle shall provide a flow

115 of water at ambient temperature of not less than 4 ml/s. Details of the positions and directions of

116 nozzles for rim brakes, hub brakes, band brakes, disc brakes, and back-pedal brake are given in

117 Figures 7 to 13;

118 NOTE Figures 7 and 8 for rim brakes show side-pull callipers but the same arrangements apply to centre-pull

119 callipers and cantilever brakes.

120 e) a brake-actuation indicating system to record independently when each lever or pedal is actuated.

121 4.6.3.3 Mass of bicycle, rider, and instrumentation

122 The combined mass of the bicycle, the rider, and the instrumentation shall be 100 kg.

123 When wet condition braking tests are performed, the combined mass can decrease throughout the test

124 due to water consumption, but it shall not be less than 99 kg at the end of the valid test runs.

125 Where a manufacturer specifies that their bicycle can carry a mass such that the sum of that mass plus

126 the mass of the bicycle is in excess of 100 kg (60 kg for young adults) to some value M, apply M as total

127 weight.

128 Any extra weight shall be positioned above the rear wheel and in front of the rear axle.

129 4.6.3.4 Force applied to the brake levers
130 a) Magnitude and position of force on brake levers

131 Apply a handgrip force not exceeding 180 N at the point as specified in Figure 5. Check before and after

132 each series of test runs to verify the lever force.
133 b) Optional brake-force application device

134 It is permissible to use a test mechanism to operate the brake lever, and when such a device is used, it

135 shall meet the requirements of 4.6.3.4 item a) and shall additionally control the rate of application of the

136 brake lever force such that 63 % of the intended lever force is applied in not less than 0,2 s.

137 4.6.3.5 Running — in the braking surfaces

138 A running-in process shall be conducted on every brake before performance testing is carried out.

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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
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139 Apply the brakes for not less than 3 s to maintain steady deceleration while the bicycle is being ridden at

140 a speed of approximately 16 km/h. Repeat this operation 10 times.
141 4.6.3.6 Test method — Test runs under dry conditions

142 Pedal the test bicycle until the specified test velocity is attained (see ISO 4210-2, Table 2). Then stop

143 pedalling and apply the brakes. The bicycle shall be brought to a smooth, safe stop [see ISO 4210-2, 4.6.8.2

144 item a)].
145 4.6.3.7 Test method — Test runs under wet conditions

146 The method shall be as given in 4.6.3.6, with the addition that wetting of the brake system(s) shall

147 commence not less than 25 m prior to the commencement of braking and shall continue until the bicycle

148 comes to rest. Excessive amounts of water can be swept from the test track surface between runs.

149 4.6.3.8 Number of valid test runs

150 a) If the gradient of the track is less than 0,2 %, the following runs shall be made:

151 1) five consecutive valid runs under dry conditions;
152 2) two acclimatization runs under wet conditions (results not recorded);
153 3) five consecutive valid runs under wet conditions.

154 b) If the gradient of the track lies between 0,2 % and 0,5 %, the following runs shall be made:

155 1) six consecutive valid runs under dry conditions with alternate runs in opposite directions;

156 2) two acclimatization runs under wet conditions (results not recorded);

157 3) six consecutive valid runs under wet conditions with alternate runs in opposite directions.

158 A rest period not exceeding 3 min can be taken between successive runs.
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
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159
160 Key
1 water nozzles
2 fork crown
3 front tee-piece
4 wheel rim
5 direction of the wheel rotation
161 Figure 7 — Water nozzles for rim-brake (front)
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
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162 Dimensions in millimetres
163
164 Key
1 water nozzles
2 rear tee-piece
3 bicycle frame
4 wheel rim
5 brake assembly
6 direction of the wheel rotation
165 Figure 8 — Water nozzles for rim-brake (rear)
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
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166
167 Key
1 water nozzle
2 two water nozzles
3 hub brake
4 direction of the wheel rotation
168 Figure 9 — Water nozzles for hub-brake
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169 Dimensions in millimetres
170
171 Key
1 water nozzle
2 bicycle frame
3 rear tee-piece
4 band brake
5 rear hub
6 direction of the wheel rotation
172 Figure 10 — Water nozzles for band-brake
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oSIST prEN ISO 4210-4:2022
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173 Dimensions in millimetres
174
175 Key
1 front hub
2 water nozzles
3 flexible pipe
4 suspension-fork leg
5 Y-joint
6 brake-disc
7 direction of the wheel rotation
8 disc-brake calliper
176 Figure 11 — Water nozzles for disc-brake (front)
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177 Dimensions in millimetres
178
179 Key
1 water nozzles
2 bicycle frame
3 rear hub
4 Y-joint
5 brake disc
6 disc-brake calliper
7 direction of the wheel rotation
180 Figure 12 — Water nozzles for
...