CEN/TR 17876:2022

Child care articles - Tricycles - Safety requirements and test methods

This Technical Report  specifiesthe  safety  requirements  and  test  methods applicable for tricyclelike vehicles providing a transportation function.
When  a  product  includes  some  combination  of  the  belowpushchairfeatures  this leads to  consider  a tricycle offers a transportationfunction
-A minimum height of the backrest of 340 mm -(a high backrest for the child)
-A harness for the child, bumper bar
-Possibility to disengage child steering
-Possibility to semi-recline or recline the child’s seat
-Padded seat
-Reversible child’s seat
-Possibility is provided to affix bags, backpacks and other accessories,
-Footrest
NOTE: A learner tricycle, unlike a convertible tricycle stroller, has basic features such as a —
(a)handle for parental control and assistance;
(b)handlebar for use by the child tolearn to steer with the pedals disengaged; and
(c)waist and crotch harness on a seathaving a low back support;

Artikel für Säuglinge und Kleinkinder - Dreiräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren

Articles de puériculture - Voitures d'enfant - Poussettes et landaus

Izdelki za otroke - Tricikli - Varnostne zahteve in preskusne metode

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 97.190 - Equipment for children
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 252 - Child use and care articles
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 252/WG 3 - Wheeled transportation
• Current Stage: 6055 - CEN Ratification completed (DOR) - Publishing
• Start Date: 29-Aug-2022
• Due Date: 23-Jun-2022
• Completion Date: 29-Aug-2022
• Mandate: M/264 - Mandate to CEN and CENELEC in the field of consumer safety related to the safety of child-care articles
• Ref Project: kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 17876:2022 - Child care articles - Tricycles - Safety requirements and test methods

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 17876:2022
01-junij-2022
Izdelki za otroke - Tricikli - Varnostne zahteve in preskusne metode
Child care articles - Tricycles - Safety requirements and test methods

Artikel für Säuglinge und Kleinkinder - Dreiräder - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen

und Prüfverfahren
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TR 17876
ICS:
97.190 Otroška oprema Equipment for children
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 17876:2022 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 17876:2022
FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL REPORT
FprCEN/TR 17876
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
May 2022
ICS
English Version
Child care articles - Tricycles - Safety requirements and
test methods
Artikel für Säuglinge und Kleinkinder - Dreiräder -
Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und
Prüfverfahren

This draft Technical Report is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC

252.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,

Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and

United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a Technical Report. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Report.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TR 17876:2022 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 6

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 6

4 General requirements and test conditions ............................................................................................ 8

5 Samples ............................................................................................................................................................... 8

5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 8

5.2 Tolerances for test equipment ................................................................................................................... 8

5.3 Test conditions ................................................................................................................................................. 8

5.4 Determination of the protected volume................................................................................................... 8

5.4.1 Protected volume of seat ............................................................................................................................... 8

5.5 Determination of the junction line ......................................................................................................... 10

6 Test equipment ............................................................................................................................................. 12

6.1 Test masses .................................................................................................................................................... 12

6.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 12

6.1.2 Test mass A ..................................................................................................................................................... 12

6.1.3 Test mass B ..................................................................................................................................................... 13

6.1.4 Test mass D ..................................................................................................................................................... 13

6.2 Test probes ..................................................................................................................................................... 14

6.2.1 Finger probes ................................................................................................................................................. 14

6.2.2 Conical probes ............................................................................................................................................... 16

6.3 Angle measuring device ............................................................................................................................. 16

6.4 Bite tester ........................................................................................................................................................ 18

6.5 Test surface .................................................................................................................................................... 19

6.6 Rectangular stops ......................................................................................................................................... 19

6.7 Irregular surface test equipment ........................................................................................................... 19

6.7.1 Obstacles ......................................................................................................................................................... 19

6.7.2 Articulating arms (see Annex B) ............................................................................................................. 20

7 Mechanical hazards (see A.4) .................................................................................................................. 21

7.1 Protective function (see A.4.2) ................................................................................................................ 21

7.1.1 Suitability of CTP .......................................................................................................................................... 21

7.1.2 Restraint system and fasteners................................................................................................................ 22

7.2 Entrapment hazards (see A.4.3) ............................................................................................................. 23

7.2.1 Holes and openings ..................................................................................................................................... 23

7.3 Hazards from moving parts (see A.4.4) ................................................................................................ 24

7.3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 24

7.3.2 Shearing hazards (see A.4.4) .................................................................................................................... 24

7.3.3 Crushing hazards, requirement .............................................................................................................. 25

7.3.4 Wheels .............................................................................................................................................................. 25

7.3.5 Locking mechanism(s) ................................................................................................................................ 25

7.4 Entanglement and strangulation hazards ........................................................................................... 28

7.5 Choking and ingestion hazards ............................................................................................................... 28

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7.5.1 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................. 28

7.5.2 Bite test............................................................................................................................................................. 28

7.6 Suffocation hazards (see A.5) ................................................................................................................... 29

7.6.1 Internal lining of the seat ........................................................................................................................... 29

7.6.2 Plastic packaging .......................................................................................................................................... 30

7.7 Hazardous edges and protrusions (see A.6) ....................................................................................... 30

7.8 Parking and braking devices (see A.7) ................................................................................................. 30

7.8.1 Requirements ................................................................................................................................................. 30

7.8.2 Test methods .................................................................................................................................................. 30

7.9 Stability (see A.8) .......................................................................................................................................... 32

7.9.1 Stability of CTP ............................................................................................................................................... 32

7.10 Structural integrity (see A.9) .................................................................................................................... 34

7.10.1 Strength and durability of attachment devices for seat and backrest....................................... 34

7.10.2 Irregular surface test................................................................................................................................... 35

7.10.3 Handle strength ............................................................................................................................................. 36

8 Durability of marking .................................................................................................................................. 38

9 Product information .................................................................................................................................... 38

9.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 38

9.2 Marking of product ...................................................................................................................................... 38

9.3 Purchase information (A.10) .................................................................................................................... 39

9.4 Instructions for use ...................................................................................................................................... 39

Annex A (informative) Rationales ....................................................................................................................... 42

Annex B (informative) Examples of articulated arms to maintain the CTP on the rig for the

irregular surface test ................................................................................................................................... 46

Annex C (informative) Examples of moving parts of the canopies inside 100 mm from the

pivot point ....................................................................................................................................................... 48

Annex D (Informative) Translation of Warnings in different European languages .......................... 51

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 64

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European foreword

This document (FprCEN/TR 17876:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 252 “Child

care articles”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR..
This document is currently submitted to the Vote on TR.
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Introduction

This Technical Report has been produced to provide safety guidance for designers, manufacturers,

suppliers and users of children’s tricycle providing a passive transportation function.

These guidelines have been drafted to address potential hazards associated with the transportation

function of tricycles. Where there are similar hazards to those associated with wheeled child

conveyances, these have been identified. Requirements and test methods which are given in

EN 1888-1:2018 + A1:2022 and are appropriate to the transportation function of tricycles have been

included, adapted as necessary, in this document.
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1 Scope

This document covers children’s tricycles providing a passive transportation function.

A tricycle is considered to provide a passive transportation function when it provides a pushing handle

and a sufficient support for the child’s back: i.e. the minimum length of the backrest is 250 mm (when

measured in accordance with 6.1.1.2 of this technical report), and includes any of the below pushchair

features:
— A restraint system for the child,
— Bumper bar
— Possibility to semi-recline or recline the child’s seat
— Reversible child’s seat
— Footrest
— A system for overriding front wheel steering for the child and parent

NOTE 1: Toys or the toy functions of Convertible Tricycle Pushchairs are covered by Directive 2009/48/EC.

Products sold as pushchairs are excluded from the scope of this document, as they are covered by

EN 1888-1.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 71-1:2014, + A1: 2018, Safety of toys —Part 1: Mechanical and physical properties

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
convertible tricycle pushchair

a vehicle designed for use by a child in at least two modes, the first being primarily for play and learning

to steer and pedal; and the second to transport a child, similar in intent and purpose to a pushchair

Note: referred to CTP throughout the document
3.2
chassis

wheeled framework with a removable or fixed handle(s) for pushing, pulling and steering, designed to

accommodate and transport a seat (s)
3.3
seat

structure which may or may not be adjustable to achieve a reclining or recumbent position designed to

support one child
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3.4
protected volume

volume accessible by the child (occupant) when sitting in the convertible tricycle pushchair, where

specific safety requirements are necessary
3.5
junction line
intersection of the seating surface and the backrest
3.6
restraint system
system to restrain the child within the CTP

Note to entry: a surrounding rim or bumper bar is not considered as a restraint system

3.7
crotch restraint

device positioned between the child’s legs to prevent the child from sliding forwards

3.8
harness anchorage point
device suitable for the attachment of an additional child’s harness
3.9
footrest
support for the feet or a foot other than pedals, used when sitting
3.10
shearing hazard

hazard due to the movement of components relatively one to another resulting in a scissoring action

3.11
crushing hazard

hazard due to the movement of components relatively one to another resulting in a compression action

3.12
folding system

assembly of moving parts which enables the CTP or parts thereof to be changed from an erected position

to a folded position under the control of the carer
3.13
locking mechanism

assembly of components consisting of one or more locking device(s) and one or more operating device(s)

3.14
locking device

mechanical component that maintains part(s) of the vehicle erected in the position of use (e.g. latch(es),

hooks, over centre lock...) which could be deactivated or activated by action(s) on the operating device

3.15
operating device

part of the locking mechanism(s) designed to be activated by the carer through one or several positive

action(s)
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3.16
automatic locking device

device that engages with no additional voluntary action by the carer, when the CTP is erected to its

position of use
3.17
parking device
device to maintain the CTP in a stationary position
4 General requirements and test conditions

NOTE Words in italics are defined in Clause 3 (Terms and definitions). Additional information on the

background and rationale for various requirements is given in Annex A.
5 Samples
5.1 General

Tests should be carried out in the order of the clauses given in this European Technical Report, unless

otherwise stated. Each test should be carried out only using one sample, unless otherwise stated.

CTP should comply with all applicable requirements in any possible arrangement in accordance with the

manufacturer's instructions.
5.2 Tolerances for test equipment
Unless otherwise stated, the accuracy of the test equipment should be:
— forces ± 5 %;
— masses ± 0,5 %;
— dimensions ± 0,5 mm;
— timing ± 1 s;
— angles ± 0,5°.
5.3 Test conditions

The CTP should be conditioned at a temperature of (23 ± 5) °C for at least 2 h prior to tests. All tests

should be carried out at a temperature of (23 ± 10) °C unless otherwise specified.

For CTPs fitted with inflatable tyres, the tyre pressure should be adjusted according to manufacturer’s

instructions for use before conducting the entire test procedure. If a tyre is punctured during the test

procedure, the tyre should be replaced, and the test procedure continued.
5.4 Determination of the protected volume
5.4.1 Protected volume of seat

The protected volume of seat should be determined in accordance with Figure 1 below.

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Dimensions in millimetres
Key

1 origin from which the protected volume has been defined (mid-point of the junction line, on the uncompressed

upper surface of the seat)
2 seat
3 back rest
4 leg rest
Figure 1 — Protected volume for seat
The space located behind the backrest is excluded from the protected volume.

Where a CTP is suitable for two or more children the space located behind the backrest should be

considered if it enters another protected volume.

The space underneath the seat and underneath the leg rest is excluded from the protected volume, except

for a 50 mm wide band measured from the outermost edge of the seat/leg rest sides where the seat/leg

rest is not fitted with lateral protections of a height greater than 50 mm (textile or any rigid component)

(see Figure 2).
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Dimensions in millimetres
a) 3D view b) Bottom view
Key
1 space to be checked
2 space not to be checked
3 leg rest
4 seat
5 backrest

Figure 2 —Effect of lateral protection on the determination of the protected volume

5.5 Determination of the junction line

The junction line should be determined as the intersection between the seating surface and the backrest

as shown on Figure 3.
Key
LL junction line
1 backrest
2 seat
Figure 3 — Junction line

When the seat is in the form of a hammock, then a theoretical junction line, “LL”, is determined as follows:

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Key
LL junction line
L CL vertical projection of C on the hammock
Figure 4 — Junction line for seat in form of a hammock

NOTE The junction line can vary when the backrest is adjusted to different positions.

When the seat is of rigid material, then a theoretical junction line, “LL”, is determined as follows:

Key
1 angle measuring device
2 seat
3 angle between the seating surface and the backrest
Figure 5 – Determination of junction line

Place the angle measuring device (5.3) described in Figure 11 at the centre of the seat as shown in

Figure 5 and move it towards the centre line of the seat unit until both parts of the device give the smallest

angle along the seat and the backrest unit.When the smallest angle is reached (seat angle measurement

device shall not be oriented in a negative angle) the axis of the device corresponds to the junction line.

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6 Test equipment
6.1 Test masses
6.1.1 General

Any damage to fabric which may occur as a result of abrasion by the test masses during tests should be

ignored. Damage can be minimized by using a convenient means of protection of negligible mass. Where

damage is not caused by abrasion by the test masses it constitutes a structural failure.

Test masses may be fitted with additional handles for carrying purposes, as long as the centre of gravity

is not changed, and mass remains within tolerances and the test procedure is not affected.

6.1.2 Test mass A

Test mass A is a rigid cylinder (160 ± 5) mm in diameter and (300 ± 5) mm in height, having a mass of (9

+ 0, 1/0) kg and with its centre of gravity in the centre of the cylinder. All edges shall have a radius of (5

± 1) mm. Two anchorage points shall be provided, positioned (150 ± 2,5) mm from the base and at 180°

to each other around the circumference as shown in Figure 6.
Key
1 radius: (5 ± 1) mm
2 two anchorage points
Figure 6 – Test mass A
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6.1.3 Test mass B

Test mass B is a rigid cylinder (200 ± 5) mm in diameter and (300 ± 5) mm in height, having a mass

of (15 + 0, 1/0) kg and with its centre of gravity in the centre of the cylinder. All edges should have a

radius of (5 ± 1) mm. Two anchorage points should be provided, positioned (150 ± 2,5) mm from the base

and at 180° to each other around the circumference (see Figure 7).

The test mass may be fitted with additional handle for carrying purposes, as long as the centre of gravity

is not changed, and mass remains within tolerances and the test procedure is not affected

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 radius: (5 ± 1) mm
2 two anchorage points
Figure 7 — Test mass B
6.1.4 Test mass D

Test mass D is made of a rigid material with a smooth finish and a total mass of (9 ± 0,1) kg (see Figure 8).

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Dimensions in millimetres
Tolerances:
— dimensions ± 2 mm
— angles ± 2°
— where shown, corner radii should be (10 ± 1) mm
Figure 8 — Test mass D
6.2 Test probes
6.2.1 Finger probes
6.2.1.1 Finger probe with hemispherical end
0 0

Probes made from plastics or other hard, smooth material of diameters mm, mm and

5 7
−0,1 −0,1
+0,1
mm, with a full hemispherical end (see Figure 9).
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Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 hemispherical end
2 scribed line around circumference
3 Ø 5 mm 7 mm and 12 mm
Figure 9 — Probes with hemispherical end
6.2.1.2 Shape assessment probe

Probes made from plastics or other hard, smooth material with the dimensions shown in Figure 10.

Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 10 — Shape assessment probe
6.2.1.3 Conical probe for mesh

Probe for assessing mesh made from plastics or other hard, smooth material as shown in Figure 11 which

should be capable of being mounted on a force measuring device, so that the conical end can be presented

to the opening being assessed.
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 11 — Conical probe for mesh
The tolerance on the radius is ± 0,2 mm.
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6.2.2 Conical probes

Probes made from plastics or other hard smooth material of diameters (25 0 / –0,1) mm and

(45 + 0,1 / 0) mm with one conical end (with an angle of 30°), that can be mounted on a force measuring

device (see Figure 12).
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 12 — Conical probes
6.3 Angle measuring device

A 9 kg articulated steel device used to measure the angle between the seat and the backrest

(see Figure 13).
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Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 1 part to be placed onto the seat surface made of steel
2 part to be placed onto the backrest surface made of steel
3 hinge pin made of steel
E mass: (4495 ± 50) g
F mass:(4501 ± 50) g
G mass of hinge axle: (17 ± 0,5) g, length: 79,5 mm
total mass: (9 ± 0,1) kg
dimensions tolerance: ± 2 mm
All edges should be chamfered.
Note: mark at 340 mm and 250 mm may help to quickly identify backrest height
Figure 13 — Angle measuring device
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6.4 Bite tester

The bite tester, see Figure 14, consists of two sets of teeth, see Figure 15, made from H13 high chrome

tool steel or equivalent and hardened to 45-50 Rockwell C. There are two teeth at the top and two at the

bottom of the bite tester, positioned so that the vertical centre line of one pair of teeth is (1 ± 0,1) mm in

front of the centre line of the other set of teeth. In the fully closed position, the teeth should overlap each

other by (1 ± 0,1) mm. The outer most corners of the teeth should have a radius of (0,3 ± 0,1) mm.

The teeth should be mounted so as to pivot about a point (50 ± 1) mm from the rear most pair of teeth

and positioned so that when closed the centre lines of the two pairs of teeth are parallel to each other.

The bite tester should be equipped with a stop to prevent the distance between the teeth from exceeding

(28 ± 1) mm when fully opened. The closing force of the teeth should be set at (50 ± 5) N.

The bite tester should be provided with a guide to prevent items entering further into the fully opened

jaws by more than (17 ± 1) mm. The bite tester should be equipped with a means whereby a force of

(50 ± 5) N may be applied along its centre line in a direction tending to pull the teeth off the sample.

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 position of guide
2 pivot point
Figure 14 — Bite tester
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Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 15 — Test teeth
6.5 Test surface

Test surface, capable of inclination at an angle of 9° (0/+0,5) °, 12° (0/+0,5) ° to the horizontal and

covered with aluminium oxide paper of grade 80.
6.6 Rectangular stops
Rectangular stops of height 25 mm.
6.7 Irregular surface test equipment
6.7.1 Obstacles

The surface of the irregular surface test equipment should comprise two types of obstacles: Type A and

Type B as shown in Figures 16 and 17.

These obstacles should be mounted on a conveyor system as shown in Figure 18 so that the wheels on

each side of the CTP are lifted alternate
...