EN 13001-1:2015
(Main)Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and requirements
Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and requirements
This European Standard specifies general principles and requirements to be used together with EN 13001 2 and the EN 13001 3 series of standards, and as such they specify conditions and requirements on design to prevent mechanical hazards of cranes, and a method of verification of those requirements.
NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European Standard for the particular crane type.
The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clause 4 of this European Standard is necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with the following hazards:
a) instability of the crane or its parts (tilting);
b) exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue);
c) elastic instability of the crane or its parts (buckling, bulging);
d) exceeding temperature limits of material or components;
e) exceeding the deformation limits.
This European Standard is applicable to cranes which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this standard and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane types.
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 1: Allgemeine Prinzipien und Anforderungen
Diese Europäische Norm legt die allgemeinen Grundlagen und Anforderungen fest, die zusammen mit EN 13001 2 und der Normenreihe EN 13001 3 anzuwenden sind und spezifiziert die Bedingungen und Anforderungen an die Konstruktion zur Vermeidung von mechanischen Gefährdungen bei Kranen sowie eine Methode der Überprüfung dieser Anforderungen.
ANMERKUNG Besondere Anforderungen für spezielle Krantypen sind in der zutreffenden Europäischen Norm für den speziellen Krantyp angegeben.
Im Folgenden ist eine Auflistung von signifikanten Gefährdungssituationen und Gefährdungsereignissen gegeben, die Risiken für Personen während des normalen Gebrauchs und vorhersehbarem Missbrauch (des Krans) zur Folge haben könnten. Abschnitt 4 dieser Europäischen Norm wird zur Reduzierung oder Eliminierung der mit den folgenden Gefährdungen verbundenen Risiken benötigt:
a) Instabilität des Krans oder seiner Teile (Kippen);
b) Überschreitung der Festigkeitsgrenzwerte (Fließgrenze, Bruch-, Ermüdungsfestigkeit);
c) elastische Instabilität des Krans oder seiner Teile (Knicken, Ausbeulen);
d) Überschreitung von Temperaturgrenzwerten des Werkstoffs oder der Komponenten;
e) Überschreitung der Verformungsgrenzwerte.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Krane, die nach dem Datum der Genehmigung dieser Norm durch CEN hergestellt werden und dient als Referenzgrundlage für die Europäischen Normen für spezielle Krantypen.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 1 : Principes généraux et prescriptions
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les principes généraux et les prescriptions à utiliser conjointement avec l’EN 13001-2 et la série des EN 13001-3, et dans ce cadre elles spécifient les conditions et les prescriptions de conception visant à prévenir les dangers mécaniques liés aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue, et elles spécifient une méthode de vérification de ces prescriptions.
NOTE Des prescriptions spécifiques relatives aux types particuliers d’appareil de levage à charge suspendue sont données dans la norme européenne appropriée au type particulier de grue.
La liste suivante spécifie les situations et les événements dangereux significatifs, susceptibles d'entraîner des risques pour les personnes lors d'une utilisation normale et d'une mauvaise utilisation prévisible. L'Article 4 de la présente Norme européenne est nécessaire pour réduire ou éliminer les risques associés à ces phénomènes dangereux :
a) instabilité de l’appareil de levage à charge suspendue ou de ses éléments (basculement) ;
b) dépassement des limites de résistance (élasticité, rupture, fatigue) ;
c) instabilité élastique de l’appareil de levage ou de ses éléments (flambage, voilement) ;
d) dépassement des limites de température du matériau ou des composants ;
e) dépassement des limites de déformation.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue construits après sa date d'approbation par le CEN et sert de base de référence pour les normes européennes pour des types de grues particuliers.
Žerjavi - Konstruiranje, splošno - 1. del: Splošna načela in zahteve
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2015
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 13001-1:2005+A1:2009
SIST EN 13001-1:2005+A1:2009/AC:2010
Žerjavi - Konstruiranje, splošno - 1. del: Splošna načela in zahteve
Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and requirements
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 1: Allgemeine Prinzipien und Anforderungen
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 1: Principes
généraux et prescriptions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13001-1:2015
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13001-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2015
ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 13001-1:2004+A1:2009
English Version
Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and
requirements
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 1: Allgemeine
générale - Partie 1 : Principes généraux et prescriptions Prinzipien und Anforderungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 February 2015.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13001-1:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 6
4 Safety requirements and/or measures . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Proof calculation . 8
4.2.1 General principles . 8
4.2.2 Models of cranes and loads .11
4.2.3 Simulation of load actions .11
4.2.4 Load combinations and load effects .11
4.2.5 Limit states .12
4.2.6 Proof of competence .12
4.2.7 Methods for the proof of competence .13
4.3 Classification.15
4.3.1 General .15
4.3.2 Total numbers of working cycles .16
4.3.3 Average linear or angular displacements .17
4.3.4 Frequencies of loads .19
4.3.5 Positioning of loads .20
4.4 Stress histories .21
4.4.1 General .21
4.4.2 Frequencies of stress cycles .22
4.4.3 Transformation of the identified stress cycles into cycles with constant mean stress or
constant stress ratio .23
4.4.4 Classification of stress histories .25
Annex A (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application .28
Annex B (informative) Discreet and continuous distributions .30
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC .33
Bibliography .34
Foreword
This document (EN 13001-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes -
Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by October 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 13001-1:2004+A1:2009.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
The major changes in this revision are in 4.2.7.2, 4.3.3 and 4.4.4. Annex B has been added.
This European Standard is one part of EN 13001. The parts are the following ones:
— Part 1: General principles and requirements;
— Part 2: Load actions;
— Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of steel structure;
— Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems;
— Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts;
— Part 3-4: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery [currently at Enquiry stage];
— Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged hooks [Technical Specification].
For the relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see Annex A.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means for the
mechanical design and theoretical verification of cranes to conform to the essential health and safety
requirements of the Machinery Directive, as amended. This standard also establishes interfaces between the
user (purchaser) of the crane and the designer, as well as between the designer and the component
manufacturer, in order to form a basis for selecting cranes and components.
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
The crane parts, components or machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are
indicated in the scope of this standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those, which are stated in type A or B standards,
the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for
machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies general principles and requirements to be used together with EN 13001-2
and the EN 13001-3 series of standards, and as such they specify conditions and requirements on design to
prevent mechanical hazards of cranes, and a method of verification of those requirements.
NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European Standard for the
particular crane type.
The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to
persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clause 4 of this European Standard is necessary to
reduce or eliminate the risks associated with the following hazards:
a) instability of the crane or its parts (tilting);
b) exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue);
c) elastic instability of the crane or its parts (buckling, bulging);
d) exceeding temperature limits of material or components;
e) exceeding the deformation limits.
This European Standard is applicable to cranes which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of
this standard and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane types.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13001-2, Crane safety — General design — Part 2: Load actions
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
ISO 2394, General principles on reliability for structures
ISO 4306-1:2007, Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and, for the
definitions of loads, in ISO 4306-1:2007, Clause 6, and the following apply.
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
The symbols and abbreviations used in this part of EN 13001 are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations
Symbols,
Description
abbreviations
admσ Allowable (admissible) stress
C Total number of working cycles
C Number of working cycles where a load i is handled
i
C Number of working cycles of task r
r
Dh0 to Dh9
Classes of average linear displacement X for hoisting
lin
Dt0 to Dt9
Classes of average linear displacement X for traversing (trolley)
lin
Dc0 to Dc9
Classes of average linear displacement X for travelling (crane)
lin
Da0 to Da5 Classes of average angular displacement X
ang
f
Characteristic loads including dynamic factors
i
F
Combined loads from load combination j (limit state method)
j
Combined loads from load combination j (allowable stress method)
F
j
k Stress spectrum factor, based on m of detail under consideration
m
kQ
Load spectrum factor
kQ Load spectrum factor for task r
r
Limit in damage calculation
lim D
limσ Limit design stress
m Inverse slope of the log σ /log N curve
a
nˆ Total number of stress cycles
n
Number of stress cycles of class ij
ij
(r)
Number of stress cycles of class ij occurring each time task r is carried out
n
ij
nn,
Service frequency of position i or j
ri rj
n ( R or σ ) Number of stress cycles with stress amplit
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 13001-1:2005+A1:2009
SIST EN 13001-1:2005+A1:2009/AC:2010
äHUMDYL.RQVWUXLUDQMHVSORãQRGHO 6SORãQDQDþHODLQ]DKWHYH
Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and requirements
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 1: Allgemeine Prinzipien und Anforderungen
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 1: Principes
généraux et prescriptions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 13001-1:2015
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 13001-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2015
ICS 53.020.20 Supersedes EN 13001-1:2004+A1:2009
English Version
Cranes - General design - Part 1: General principles and
requirements
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 1: Allgemeine
générale - Partie 1 : Principes généraux et prescriptions Prinzipien und Anforderungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 February 2015.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13001-1:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 5
3.1 Terms and definitions . 5
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 6
4 Safety requirements and/or measures . 8
4.1 General . 8
4.2 Proof calculation . 8
4.2.1 General principles . 8
4.2.2 Models of cranes and loads .11
4.2.3 Simulation of load actions .11
4.2.4 Load combinations and load effects .11
4.2.5 Limit states .12
4.2.6 Proof of competence .12
4.2.7 Methods for the proof of competence .13
4.3 Classification.15
4.3.1 General .15
4.3.2 Total numbers of working cycles .16
4.3.3 Average linear or angular displacements .17
4.3.4 Frequencies of loads .19
4.3.5 Positioning of loads .20
4.4 Stress histories .21
4.4.1 General .21
4.4.2 Frequencies of stress cycles .22
4.4.3 Transformation of the identified stress cycles into cycles with constant mean stress or
constant stress ratio .23
4.4.4 Classification of stress histories .25
Annex A (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application .28
Annex B (informative) Discreet and continuous distributions .30
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC .33
Bibliography .34
Foreword
This document (EN 13001-1:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes -
Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by October 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 13001-1:2004+A1:2009.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
The major changes in this revision are in 4.2.7.2, 4.3.3 and 4.4.4. Annex B has been added.
This European Standard is one part of EN 13001. The parts are the following ones:
— Part 1: General principles and requirements;
— Part 2: Load actions;
— Part 3-1: Limit States and proof competence of steel structure;
— Part 3-2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire ropes in reeving systems;
— Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts;
— Part 3-4: Limit states and proof of competence of machinery [currently at Enquiry stage];
— Part 3-5: Limit states and proof of competence of forged hooks [Technical Specification].
For the relationship with other European Standards for cranes, see Annex A.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This European Standard has been prepared to be a harmonized standard to provide one means for the
mechanical design and theoretical verification of cranes to conform to the essential health and safety
requirements of the Machinery Directive, as amended. This standard also establishes interfaces between the
user (purchaser) of the crane and the designer, as well as between the designer and the component
manufacturer, in order to form a basis for selecting cranes and components.
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
The crane parts, components or machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are
indicated in the scope of this standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those, which are stated in type A or B standards,
the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for
machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies general principles and requirements to be used together with EN 13001-2
and the EN 13001-3 series of standards, and as such they specify conditions and requirements on design to
prevent mechanical hazards of cranes, and a method of verification of those requirements.
NOTE Specific requirements for particular types of crane are given in the appropriate European Standard for the
particular crane type.
The following is a list of significant hazardous situations and hazardous events that could result in risks to
persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clause 4 of this European Standard is necessary to
reduce or eliminate the risks associated with the following hazards:
a) instability of the crane or its parts (tilting);
b) exceeding the limits of strength (yield, ultimate, fatigue);
c) elastic instability of the crane or its parts (buckling, bulging);
d) exceeding temperature limits of material or components;
e) exceeding the deformation limits.
This European Standard is applicable to cranes which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of
this standard and serves as reference base for the European Standards for particular crane types.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 13001-2, Crane safety — General design — Part 2: Load actions
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
ISO 2394, General principles on reliability for structures
ISO 4306-1:2007, Cranes — Vocabulary — Part 1: General
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and, for the
definitions of loads, in ISO 4306-1:2007, Clause 6, and the following apply.
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
The symbols and abbreviations used in this part of EN 13001 are given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviations
Symbols,
Description
abbreviations
admσ Allowable (admissible) stress
C Total number of working cycles
C Number of working cycles where a load i is handled
i
C Number of working cycles of task r
r
Dh0 to Dh9
Classes of average linear displacement X for hoisting
lin
Dt0 to Dt9
Classes of average linear displacement X for traversing (trolley)
lin
Dc0 to Dc9
Classes of average linear displacement X for travelling (crane)
lin
Da0 to Da5 Classes of average angular displacement X
ang
f
Characteristic loads including dynamic factors
i
F
Combined loads from load combination j (limit state method)
j
Combined loads from load combination j (allowable stress method)
F
j
k Stress spectrum factor, based on m of detail under consideration
m
kQ
Load spectrum factor
kQ Load spectrum factor for task r
r
Limit in damage calculation
lim D
limσ Limit design stress
m Inverse slope of the log σ /log N curve
a
nˆ Total number of stress cycles
n
Number of stress cycles of class ij
ij
(r)
Number of stress cycles of class ij occurring each time task r is carried out
n
ij
nn,
Service frequency of position i or j
ri rj
n ( R or σ ) Number of stress cycles with
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.