EN 1846-2:2024
(Main)Firefighting and rescue service vehicles - Part 2: Common requirements - Safety and performance
General Information
- Abstract
This document specifies the common requirements for safety and the (minimum) common performance requirements of firefighting and rescue service vehicles as designated in EN 1846-1.
NOTE 1 Categories and mass classes of these vehicles are given in EN 1846-1.
NOTE 2 Vehicle means terrestrial vehicles that can also drive on rails and amphibious vehicles.
When drafting this document, it has been assumed that the finished standard automotive chassis (or
the chassis designed in accordance with the same principles) that is the basis for the firefighting or
rescue vehicle offers an acceptable safety level for its basic transport functions within the limits
specified by the manufacturer. Therefore, this document does not formulate requirements for this
chassis.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to
firefighting and rescue service vehicles, when they are used as intended and under the conditions of
misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
Complementary specific requirements for aerial appliances are the subject of the following European
Standards:
— EN 1777: Hydraulic platforms (HPs) for firefighting and rescue services,
— EN 14043: Turntable ladders with combined movements,
— EN 14044: Turntable ladders with sequential movements.
NOTE 3 Additional regulations, not dealt with in this document, can apply in relation with the use of the
vehicles on public roads.
This document deals with firefighting and rescue vehicles intended for use in a temperature range
from –15 °C to +40 °C.
NOTE 4 In the case of utilization outside this temperature range, additional measures might be necessary as agreed between the manufacturer and the user. Such requirements are outside the scope of this document.
1.2 This document does not deal with the following types of firefighting or rescue vehicles or equipment:
- vehicles designed exclusively for carrying personnel;
- vehicles with a gross laden mass not exceeding 3 t;
- boats;
- aircraft;
- railway vehicles;
- ambulances (see EN 1789);
- provisions for non-firefighting removable equipment driven by PTO;
- airport vehicles in the scope of the recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
1.3 This document deals with the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in Annex K which can arise during operational use, routine checking and maintenance of firefighting and rescue service vehicles when carried out in accordance with the specifications given by the manufacturer or his authorized representative.
It does not cover the hazards generated by:
- non-permanently installed equipment i.e. portable equipment carried on the vehicle;
- use in potentially explosive atmospheres;
- commissioning and decommissioning;
- electromagnetic compatibility.
Additional measures not dealt with in this document might be necessary for specific use (e.g. fire in natural environment, flooding, etc.).
1.4 This document is not applicable to machines that are manufactured before its date of publication as a European Standard.
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 17-Dec-2024
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 192 - Fire service equipment
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 192/WG 3 - Firefighting and rescue service vehicles
- Current Stage
- 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
- Start Date
- 18-Dec-2024
- Due Date
- 12-May-2023
- Completion Date
- 18-Dec-2024
- Directive
- Harmonized Standard2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)OJ Ref: 2025/1740, OJ L, OJ L, 2025/1740 OJ Date: 14-Aug-2025
Overview
EN 1846-2:2024 / EN 1846-2:2024 is the European standard that sets the common safety and minimum performance requirements for firefighting and rescue service vehicles (as designated in EN 1846-1). It covers terrestrial vehicles (including amphibious types) intended to operate in temperatures from −15 °C to +40 °C, and addresses hazards, hazardous situations and events that are reasonably foreseeable during intended use, routine checks and maintenance. The standard assumes the automotive chassis used as a basis provides acceptable basic transport safety and therefore does not re-specify chassis approval.
Key technical topics and requirements
The standard organizes requirements into safety and performance verifications and includes prescriptive and normative elements (sections and annexes). Major topics include:
Safety requirements and risk reduction measures
- General safety principles, energy sources and protection of hot/cold parts
- Crew protection, seating & accommodation, access to crew compartments
- Requirements for cabins carrying self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
- ROPS (roll‑over protective structure) design and tests (Annex I & J)
Body, storage and access
- Construction of equipment lockers, drawers and stowage trays
- Roof access, working platforms and slip‑resistance methods (Annex C, D)
Electrical systems and batteries
- Main power supply requirements, battery safety and electrical equipment mounting
- Lighting and emergency warning equipment requirements
Control systems and human–machine interface
- Performance levels (PLr) for control systems, remote control requirements and operator positions
Performance verifications
- Vehicle geometry and dynamic performance (updated tables)
- Traction, gradient capability, driven components and energy storage/range
- Corrosion resistance and heat resistance of vulnerable components
Noise and emissions
- Noise test code, operator noise emission, path measurements and declaration (Annex F)
- Design measures for noise reduction (Annex E)
Information for use
- Instruction handbooks, marking and documentation requirements
Scope limits and exclusions
- Not applicable to vehicles <3 t, boats, aircraft, ambulances (EN 1789), railway vehicles, certain airport vehicles; EMC, explosive atmospheres and portable non‑permanently installed equipment are excluded.
Practical applications - who uses this standard
- Fire and rescue vehicle manufacturers - for design, verification and documentation to meet European safety/performance expectations.
- Vehicle bodybuilders and upfitters - to ensure lockers, access, ROPS and electrical installations comply.
- Procurement/specification teams and fleet managers - to define minimum performance and safety in tenders.
- Regulators, certification and testing bodies - for conformity assessment, acceptance tests and market surveillance.
- Maintenance and service organizations - for safe routine checks, repairs and documentation.
Related standards
- EN 1846-1 (nomenclature and designation) - defines categories and mass classes.
- EN 1846-3 - permanently installed equipment (safety & performance).
- Aerial appliance standards: EN 1777 (hydraulic platforms), EN 14043 and EN 14044 (turntable ladders).
- Annex ZA describes the relationship with EU Directive 2006/42/EC.
Keywords: firefighting and rescue service vehicles, EN 1846-2, safety and performance standard, ROPS, vehicle body requirements, noise emission, electrical systems, control systems, firefighting vehicle requirements.
Relations
- Effective Date
- 18-Jan-2023
- Effective Date
- 09-Feb-2026
- Effective Date
- 09-Feb-2026
- Effective Date
- 09-Feb-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
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Frequently Asked Questions
EN 1846-2:2024 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Firefighting and rescue service vehicles - Part 2: Common requirements - Safety and performance". This standard covers: This document specifies the common requirements for safety and the (minimum) common performance requirements of firefighting and rescue service vehicles as designated in EN 1846-1. NOTE 1 Categories and mass classes of these vehicles are given in EN 1846-1. NOTE 2 Vehicle means terrestrial vehicles that can also drive on rails and amphibious vehicles. When drafting this document, it has been assumed that the finished standard automotive chassis (or the chassis designed in accordance with the same principles) that is the basis for the firefighting or rescue vehicle offers an acceptable safety level for its basic transport functions within the limits specified by the manufacturer. Therefore, this document does not formulate requirements for this chassis. This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to firefighting and rescue service vehicles, when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. Complementary specific requirements for aerial appliances are the subject of the following European Standards: — EN 1777: Hydraulic platforms (HPs) for firefighting and rescue services, — EN 14043: Turntable ladders with combined movements, — EN 14044: Turntable ladders with sequential movements. NOTE 3 Additional regulations, not dealt with in this document, can apply in relation with the use of the vehicles on public roads. This document deals with firefighting and rescue vehicles intended for use in a temperature range from –15 °C to +40 °C. NOTE 4 In the case of utilization outside this temperature range, additional measures might be necessary as agreed between the manufacturer and the user. Such requirements are outside the scope of this document. 1.2 This document does not deal with the following types of firefighting or rescue vehicles or equipment: - vehicles designed exclusively for carrying personnel; - vehicles with a gross laden mass not exceeding 3 t; - boats; - aircraft; - railway vehicles; - ambulances (see EN 1789); - provisions for non-firefighting removable equipment driven by PTO; - airport vehicles in the scope of the recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). 1.3 This document deals with the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in Annex K which can arise during operational use, routine checking and maintenance of firefighting and rescue service vehicles when carried out in accordance with the specifications given by the manufacturer or his authorized representative. It does not cover the hazards generated by: - non-permanently installed equipment i.e. portable equipment carried on the vehicle; - use in potentially explosive atmospheres; - commissioning and decommissioning; - electromagnetic compatibility. Additional measures not dealt with in this document might be necessary for specific use (e.g. fire in natural environment, flooding, etc.). 1.4 This document is not applicable to machines that are manufactured before its date of publication as a European Standard.
This document specifies the common requirements for safety and the (minimum) common performance requirements of firefighting and rescue service vehicles as designated in EN 1846-1. NOTE 1 Categories and mass classes of these vehicles are given in EN 1846-1. NOTE 2 Vehicle means terrestrial vehicles that can also drive on rails and amphibious vehicles. When drafting this document, it has been assumed that the finished standard automotive chassis (or the chassis designed in accordance with the same principles) that is the basis for the firefighting or rescue vehicle offers an acceptable safety level for its basic transport functions within the limits specified by the manufacturer. Therefore, this document does not formulate requirements for this chassis. This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to firefighting and rescue service vehicles, when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. Complementary specific requirements for aerial appliances are the subject of the following European Standards: — EN 1777: Hydraulic platforms (HPs) for firefighting and rescue services, — EN 14043: Turntable ladders with combined movements, — EN 14044: Turntable ladders with sequential movements. NOTE 3 Additional regulations, not dealt with in this document, can apply in relation with the use of the vehicles on public roads. This document deals with firefighting and rescue vehicles intended for use in a temperature range from –15 °C to +40 °C. NOTE 4 In the case of utilization outside this temperature range, additional measures might be necessary as agreed between the manufacturer and the user. Such requirements are outside the scope of this document. 1.2 This document does not deal with the following types of firefighting or rescue vehicles or equipment: - vehicles designed exclusively for carrying personnel; - vehicles with a gross laden mass not exceeding 3 t; - boats; - aircraft; - railway vehicles; - ambulances (see EN 1789); - provisions for non-firefighting removable equipment driven by PTO; - airport vehicles in the scope of the recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). 1.3 This document deals with the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in Annex K which can arise during operational use, routine checking and maintenance of firefighting and rescue service vehicles when carried out in accordance with the specifications given by the manufacturer or his authorized representative. It does not cover the hazards generated by: - non-permanently installed equipment i.e. portable equipment carried on the vehicle; - use in potentially explosive atmospheres; - commissioning and decommissioning; - electromagnetic compatibility. Additional measures not dealt with in this document might be necessary for specific use (e.g. fire in natural environment, flooding, etc.). 1.4 This document is not applicable to machines that are manufactured before its date of publication as a European Standard.
EN 1846-2:2024 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.220.10 - Fire-fighting. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 1846-2:2024 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 1846-2:2009+A1:2013, ISO 3864-1:2011, EN 60204-1:2018, HD 60364-7-717:2010, EN ISO 13857:2019, EN ISO 4871:2009, EN ISO 11201:2010, EN 659:2003+A1:2008, EN ISO 14120:2015, EN ISO 13849-1:2023, EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008, EN ISO 3471:2008, EN ISO 5353:1998, EN 981:1996+A1:2008, CEN/TS 15989:2015. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 1846-2:2024 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2006/42/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/396. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
EN 1846-2:2024 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2025
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1846-2:2010+A1:2013
Gasilska in reševalna vozila - 2. del: Splošne zahteve - Varnost in obnašanje pri
uporabi
Firefighting and rescue service vehicles - Part 2: Common requirements - Safety and
performance
Feuerwehrfahrzeuge - Teil 2: Allgemeine Anforderungen - Sicherheit und Leistung
Véhicules des services de secours et de lutte contre l'incendie - Partie 2 : Prescriptions
communes - Sécurité et performance
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1846-2:2024
ICS:
13.220.10 Gašenje požara Fire-fighting
43.160 Vozila za posebne namene Special purpose vehicles
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 1846-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.220.10 Supersedes EN 1846-2:2009+A1:2013
English Version
Firefighting and rescue service vehicles - Part 2: Common
requirements - Safety and performance
Véhicules des services de secours et de lutte contre Feuerwehrfahrzeuge - Teil 2: Allgemeine
l'incendie - Partie 2 : Exigences communes - Sécurité et Anforderungen - Sicherheit und Leistung
performance
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 December 2024.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1846-2:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Requirements . 17
4.1 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures — Verifications . 17
4.1.1 General requirements . 17
4.1.2 Body . 22
4.1.3 Electrical equipment. 32
4.1.4 Operating and control instruments – Control system . 33
4.1.5 Noise . 35
4.1.6 Mechanical coupling . 35
4.1.7 Breakdown and towing . 35
4.2 Performance requirements – Verification . 36
4.2.1 General performance requirements . 36
4.2.2 Body . 41
4.2.3 Electrical equipment. 43
4.2.4 Operating and control instruments . 44
4.2.5 Corrosion resistance . 45
4.2.6 Heat resistance of vulnerable organs . 45
5 Information for use . 46
5.1 General. 46
5.2 Instruction handbook. 46
5.3 Documents . 48
5.4 Marking . 48
5.4.1 General. 48
5.4.2 Other markings . 49
Annex A (normative) General conditions for the verification procedures . 50
Annex B (informative) Example of an exhaust coupling . 51
Annex C (informative) Different methods of determining levels of slip-resistance . 52
Annex D (informative) Removal heights from equipment lockers . 53
Annex E (informative) Examples of technical measures for the reduction of noise emission at
the design stage . 54
Annex F (normative) Noise test code . 55
F.1 General. 55
F.2 A-weighted emission sound pressure level at operator positions . 55
F.3 A-weighted emission sound pressure level on a path around the vehicle as a substitute
to sound power . 56
F.4 Installation and mounting conditions . 56
F.5 Operating conditions . 56
F.6 Measurement uncertainties . 57
F.7 Information to be recorded and reported . 57
F.8 Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 57
Annex G (informative) Acceptance test on delivery . 59
Annex H (informative) Conformity assessment . 60
Annex I (normative) Tests for ROPS of the cabin . 61
I.1 General . 61
I.2 Test procedure . 61
I.3 Content of the test report. 63
Annex J (informative) Example of a ROPS design . 64
J.1 Term and definitions . 64
J.2 Protective structure . 67
Annex K (informative) List of significant hazards . 71
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 75
Bibliography . 77
European foreword
This document (EN 1846-2:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 192 “Fire and
rescue service equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2025 and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 1846-2:2009+A1:2013.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
EN 1846 consists of the following parts, under the general title Firefighting and rescue service vehicles:
— Part 1: Nomenclature and designation;
— Part 2: Common requirements — Safety and performance;
— Part 3: Permanently installed equipment — Safety and performance.
A list of all parts in a series can be found on the CEN website.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— the normative references have been updated and dated;
— the definitions 3.2 (gross laden mass), 3.12 (loss of stability), 3.13 (cabin) and 3.15 (working
platform) have been updated;
— the definitions 3.17 (performance level), 3.18 (power take-off), 3.19 (design check), 3.20
(calculation), 3.21 (visual verification), 3.22 (measurement), 3.23 (functional test) and 3.24 (special
verification) have been added;
— the list of significant hazards has been moved to the new Annex K;
— all notes recalling Directives and Regulations references have been removed;
— 4.1.1.2 (Energy sources) and 4.1.1.3 (Hot/cold part) have been added;
— 4.1.1.5.2, verification (Gradient capability) has been updated for category 3 vehicles;
— 4.1.1.6, new title “Main power supply” and requirements updated;
— 4.1.1.10 (Reversing of vehicle) has been updated;
— 4.1.2.2.1 (Construction) has been completed with requirements for ROPS;
— 4.1.2.2.2 (crew protection) has been updated;
— 4.1.2.2.3, new title “Cabins designed to take self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)” and
requirements updated;
— 4.1.2.2.4 (Seating position) has been updated;
— 4.1.2.2.7 (Accommodation) has been updated;
— 4.1.2.2.7, Figure 9 has been amended and a new Figure 10 has been added;
— 4.1.2.3.2 (Access to crew compartments), addition of requirements in case of access with more than
two steps;
— 4.1.2.3.3 (Access to equipment other than roof mounted) has been updated;
— 4.1.2.3.4 (Access to the roof and working platforms) has been updated;
— 4.1.2.3.5 (Design of the roof and working platforms for access purposes if applicable) has been
updated;
— 4.1.2.4.1 (Equipment lockers – General) has been amended;
— 4.1.2.4.2 (Drawers and stowage trays or other stowage devices in lockers) has been updated;
— 4.1.3.1 (Electrical equipment – General) has been updated;
— 4.1.3.2 (Batteries) has been updated;
— 4.1.3.3 (Lighting) has been updated;
— 4.1.4.1 (Control system) has been completed with the Recommended Performance Levels (PLr);
— 4.1.4.2 (Remote control) has been amended;
— 4.2.1.2, Table 5 (Geometric dimensions) has been updated;
— 4.2.1.3, Table 6 (Dynamic performances) has been amended;
— 4.2.1.4, new title “Driving of permanently installed equipment by the vehicle power source” and
requirements updated;
— 4.2.1.5 (Driven components), the verification has been amended;
— 4.2.1.8 new title “Traction” and requirements updated;
— 4.2.1.9 new title “Energy storage and range” and requirements updated;
— 4.2.2.2.1 (Cabin – General) has been amended;
— 4.2.2.2.3 (Seating positions) verification has been amended;
— 4.2.2.3.2 (Equipment storage) has been completed with addition of recommendations and visual
verification;
— 4.2.3.1 (Electrical equipment – General) has been updated;
— 4.2.3.2 (Electrical power supply) has been updated;
— 4.2.3.4 (Emergency warning equipment) the note has been amended;
— 4.2.6 (Heat resistance of vulnerable organs) and its corresponding verification have been added;
— 5.2 d) and 5.2 e) (Instruction handbook) have been updated;
— 5.4.2 (Other markings) has been completed regarding electrical fuses;
— Annex C (Different methods of determining levels of slip-resistance) has been updated;
— Annex D (Removal heights from equipment lockers) has been amended;
— Annex F (noise test code) has been amended;
— Annex I (Tests for ROPS of the cabin) and Annex J (Example of a ROPS design) have been added;
— Annex ZA (Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU
Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered) has been updated;
— editorial changes/improvements have been introduced.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in the case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
While producing this document it was assumed that due to the European regulations on the approval of
vehicles for use on public roads, fire fighting vehicles still comply with EMC requirements. Therefore,
EMC is not further considered in this document.
1 Scope
1.1 This document specifies the common requirements for safety and the (minimum) common
performance requirements of firefighting and rescue service vehicles as designated in EN 1846-1:2011.
NOTE 1 Categories and mass classes of these vehicles are given in EN 1846-1:2011.
NOTE 2 Vehicle means terrestrial vehicles that can also drive on rails and amphibious vehicles.
When drafting this document, it has been assumed that the finished standard automotive chassis (or the
chassis designed in accordance with the same principles) that is the basis for the firefighting or rescue
vehicle offers an acceptable safety level for its basic transport functions within the limits specified by the
manufacturer. Therefore, this document does not formulate requirements for this chassis.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to firefighting
and rescue service vehicles, when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which
are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
Complementary specific requirements for aerial appliances are the subject of the following European
Standards:
— EN 1777:2010: Hydraulic platforms (HPs) for firefighting and rescue services,
— EN 14043:2014: Turntable ladders with combined movements,
— EN 14044:2014: Turntable ladders with sequential movements.
NOTE 3 Additional regulations, not dealt with in this document, can apply in relation with the use of the vehicles
on public roads.
This document deals with firefighting and rescue vehicles intended for use in a temperature range from
–15 °C to +40 °C.
NOTE 4 In the case of utilization outside this temperature range, additional measures might be necessary as
agreed between the manufacturer and the user. Such requirements are outside the scope of this document.
1.2 This document does not deal with the following types of firefighting or rescue vehicles or
equipment:
— vehicles designed exclusively for carrying personnel;
— vehicles with a gross laden mass not exceeding 3 t;
— boats;
— aircraft;
— exclusively railway vehicles;
— ambulances (see EN 1789:2020+A1:2023);
— provisions for non-firefighting removable equipment driven by PTO;
— airport vehicles in the scope of the recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organization
(ICAO).
1.3 This document deals with the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in Annex K
which can arise during operational use, routine checking and maintenance of firefighting and rescue
service vehicles when carried out in accordance with the specifications given by the manufacturer or his
authorized representative.
It does not cover the hazards generated by:
— non-permanently installed equipment i.e. portable equipment carried on the vehicle;
— use in potentially explosive atmospheres;
— commissioning and decommissioning;
— electromagnetic compatibility.
Additional measures not dealt with in this document might be necessary for specific use (e.g. fire in
natural environment, flooding, etc.).
1.4 This document is not applicable to machines that are manufactured before its date of publication
as a European Standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 659:2003+A1:2008, Protective gloves for firefighters
EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators — Part 2: Displays
EN 981:1996+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — System of auditory and visual danger and information
signals
EN 1846-1:2011, Firefighting and rescue service vehicles — Part 1: Nomenclature and designation
EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General
requirements (IEC 60204-1:2016)
CEN/TS 15989:2015, Firefighting and rescue service vehicles and equipment — Graphical symbols for
control elements and displays and for markings
EN ISO 3471:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Roll-over protective structures — Laboratory tests and
performance requirements (ISO 3471:2008)
EN ISO 4871:2009, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 5353:1998, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry —
Seat index point (ISO 5353:1995)
EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2023, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2023)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
EN ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and
construction of fixed and movable guards (ISO 14120:2015)
HD 60364-7-717:2010, Low-voltage electrical installations — Part 7-717: Requirements for special
installations or locations — Mobile or transportable units (IEC 60364-7-717:2009, modified)
ISO 3864-1:2011, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety
signs and safety markings
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and
EN 1846-1:2011 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
3.1
unladen mass
mass of the vehicle, including the driver (75 kg) and all items needed to operate the vehicle including a
full capacity of cooling water, fuel and oil and all permanently installed equipment, but excluding the
spare wheel and extinguishing agents
3.2
gross laden mass
GLM
unladen vehicle mass as defined in 3.1, plus the mass of the remainder of the crew, calculated as 90 kg for
each crew member and his personal protective equipment, and additional 15 kg for the driver's personal
protective equipment for which the vehicle is designed and the mass of the extinguishing agents and other
equipment to be carried
3.3
permissible total laden mass
PTLM
maximum permitted gross laden mass as declared by the chassis manufacturer
3.4
approach angle
α
angle between the horizontal ground contact plane and the plane tangent to the tyres of the front wheels,
such that no rigid part ahead of the first axle of the vehicle is located between these planes, measured
when the vehicle is at its gross laden mass
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Figure 1
3.5
departure angle
ß
angle between the horizontal ground contact plane and the plane tangent to the tyres of the rearmost
wheels such that no rigid part of the vehicle behind the last axle is between these planes, measured when
the vehicle is at its gross laden mass
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 2.
Figure 2
3.6
angle of slope
γ
smallest angle measured, when the vehicle is at its gross laden mass, between two planes tangential to
the innermost front and rear tyres which intersect at the lowest rigid point or surface of the underside of
the vehicle between these tyres
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 3.
Note 2 to entry: This angle defines the largest ramp over which the vehicle can pass.
Figure 3
3.7
ground clearance
d
distance between the horizontal ground contact plane and the lowest fixed point on the vehicle, other
than the axles, measured when the vehicle is at its gross laden mass
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 4.
Note 2 to entry: Multiple axle sets are considered as a single axle.
Figure 4
3.8
ground clearance under axle
h
distance determined by the highest part of a quadrilateral having its base as the ground contact plane
between the innermost wheels on an axle and its upper plane as the lowest rigid part of the vehicle falling
between the wheels and within 0,3 m of both sides of the vehicle centre line, measured when the vehicle
is at its gross laden mass
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 5.
Note 2 to entry: Equipment like stabilization, suspension system and snow chain system belongs to the axle.
Figure 5
3.9
cross-axle capability
c
ability of the vehicle to remain functional and with no unintended interference between the various
components of the vehicle including cabin and bodywork, when driven onto two blocks of specified height
c simultaneously disposed diagonally on a horizontal plane, measured when the vehicle is at its gross
laden mass
3.10
turning circle between walls
D
diameter of the smallest imaginary cylinder within which the vehicle can turn at maximum steering lock
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 6.
Figure 6
3.11
static tilt angle
δ
angle between the horizontal and ground contact planes at which the vehicle when tilted along its
longitudinal axis undergoes loss of stability
3.12
loss of stability
point at which the final upslope wheel loses contact with the ground contact plane
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 7.
Key
1 loss of contact
2 ground contact plane
3 horizontal plane
Figure 7
3.13
cabin
driver's cab with or without crew compartment
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 8.
Key
1 driver's cab, including the first range of seats
2 crew compartment, separate or not
Figure 8
3.14
operating position
position at which firefighters are located to operate firefighting or rescue equipment permanently
installed on the vehicle
3.15
working platform
horizontal level surface above the ground level used for the operation of equipment permanently
installed on the vehicle
3.16
gradient capability
P
ability of a vehicle at its gross laden mass (GLM) to start and stop on and to ascend or descend a slope
3.17
performance level
PL
discrete level used to specify the ability of safety-related parts of control systems to perform a safety
function under foreseeable conditions
[SOURCE: EN ISO 13849-1:2023, definition 3.1.23]
3.18
power take-off
PTO
any of several methods for taking power from a power source and transmitting it to an additional
application
Note 1 to entry: A power source such as a running engine or an electric motor; an application such as an attached
implement or separate machines.
3.19
design check
control operation the result of which being to establish that the design documents comply with the
requirements of this document
3.20
calculation
calculation process the result of which being to establish that the requirements of this document have
been met
3.21
visual verification
control operation the result of which only being to establish that something is present
EXAMPLE a guard, a marking, a document
3.22
measurement
control operation the result of which shows that the required numerical values have been obtained
EXAMPLE geometric dimensions, safety distances, resistance of insulation of the electric circuits, vibrations
3.23
functional test
control operation the result of which shows that the adequate signals intended to be forwarded to the
main control system of the complete machine are available and comply with the requirements and with
the technical documentation
3.24
special verification
procedure being given or in the referred clause
4 Requirements
4.1 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures — Verifications
4.1.1 General requirements
4.1.1.1 General
Vehicles shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures of this
clause. In addition, the vehicles shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010 for
relevant but not significant hazards which are not dealt with by this document.
For hazards which are to be reduced by the application of the B level standard, the manufacturer should
carry out a risk assessment to establish the requirements of that standard which are to be applied. This
specific risk assessment is part of the general risk assessment of the machine.
The design and construction of the firefighting and rescue vehicle shall conform to the requirements and
specifications of the automotive chassis as defined by its manufacturer.
The method for verification of compliance with the requirements of this document and the criteria for
acceptance are included in each clause. The general conditions for verification are given in Annex A.
The permanently installed equipment, the load and the locks of doors, flaps and drawers shall be firmly
secured against unintended release. The locks and holding devices used shall be easy to open.
For category 3 vehicles (see EN 1846-1:2011) particular attention shall be paid to the protection against
mechanical damage of all electrical wiring, fuel lines, pipes, hoses by rough ground/terrain.
When fixed guards, or parts acting as such, are not permanently fixed e.g. by welding, their fixing systems
shall remain attached to the guards or to the supporting structure when the guards are removed.
Verification
Data such as specifications and test results, received from the manufacturer(s) of components, shall be
used as elements for the verification.
Verification requirements are intended for the verification of the compliance of the “type”. In the case
of series manufacture a vehicle representative for the series and the vehicle type may be used.
NOTE It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to ensure the conformity of each individual vehicle to the type.
Subsequent to the static and dynamic tests the vehicle shall be examined to verify that vehicle doors and
shutters have remained secure but can be easily opened for operational use. All equipment installed and
carried shall be examined to verify that it has remained secure but can easily be released for operational
use.
Requirements dealing with the filler-opening and, for category 3 vehicles (see EN 1846-1:2011), for
electrical wiring, fuel lines, brake pipes and hoses shall be confirmed by visual inspection and/or
functional test.
Vehicles for specific use with additional requirements shall have their complementary verifications
agreed between the user and the manufacturer.
4.1.1.2 Energy sources (filling, storing, connectors, etc.)
The filler-opening of fuel (e.g. diesel, gas, etc.) tank(s) shall be designed and/or positioned to avoid the
risk of fuel contacting any hot parts of the vehicle or equipment, including the exhaust system.
Verification
By design check and/or functional test.
4.1.1.3 Hot/cold parts
Exhaust system(s) shall be designed and installed to protect the operator and crew from exhaust gases
or burns. If necessary, for use at the place of the operation, additional means such as detachable exhaust
extension and/or interfaces for connection to a stationary exhaust system may be used (see an example
of an exhaust coupling in Annex B).
The temperature of readily accessible elements of the exhaust system of the vehicle or of installed
equipment (except the discharge end) shall not exceed 86 °C. When this requirement cannot be fulfilled,
a warning sign shall be placed close to the hot parts and a warning advice shall be included in the
instruction handbook.
Verification
By visual verification and/or functional test, and measurement.
The temperature of readily accessible elements of cold parts of the vehicle or of installed equipment shall
not exceed −20 °C. When this requirement cannot be fulfilled, a warning sign shall be placed close to the
cold parts and a warning advice shall be included in the instruction handbook.
NOTE See EN ISO 13857:2019 for the accessibility of the elements.
Verification
By visual verification and/or functional test, and measurement.
4.1.1.4 Static stability
The design of the vehicle, at gross laden mass (GLM) shall be such that the centre of gravity (CG) of the
stationary vehicle is within the chassis manufacturers recommended limits.
Vehicles, except high rise aerial appliances, shall comply with the static tilt angles given in Table 1.
NOTE EN 1777:2010 gives static tilt angles values for hydraulic platforms; EN 14043:2014 and
EN 14044:2014 give static tilt angles values for turntable ladders.
Table 1 — Static tilt angle values
Mass class
(see L (Light) M (Medium) S (Super)
EN 1846-1:2011)
3 3 3
Category (see 1 2 1 2 1 2
(all (all (all
EN 1846-1:2011) (urban) (rural) (urban) (rural) (urban) (rural)
terrain) terrain) terrain)
static tilt angle δ
≥ 32 ≥ 27 ≥ 27 ≥ 32 ≥ 27 ≥ 25 ≥ 32 ≥ 27 ≥ 25
(°)
NOTE See also 5.2 d).
The static tilt angle for all vehicles fitted with a demountable system and for vehicles intended to carry
mainly various loads shall be 3° more than the values of the Table 1, tested without the demountable unit
or the load.
For damage control tender, command and control appliance, personnel and equipment carrying vehicle,
support vehicle and other specialized motor vehicle (see EN 1846-1:2011), any reduction of the tilt angle
shall be based on a risk assessment.
Verification
During these tests, precautions should be taken to prevent the loss of any liquids from the vehicle tanks
by means of temporary devices.
Incline the stationary vehicle with the engine switched off along its longitudinal axis. Measure and
record the angle δ at which loss of stability, as defined in 3.11 and 3.12, occurs.
Carry out the test by inclining the vehicle to the right and to the left.
Any stop used to prevent the wheels from slipping sideways during this test shall have a maximum height
dimension not exceeding, in horizontal position of the vehicle, 50 % of the minimum vertical
measurement between the surface on which the vehicle stands and the wheel rim.
During this test, precautions should be taken to prevent complete loss of vehicle stability for which
purpose a form of temporary restraint may be used.
Carry out additional tests on categories 2 and 3 vehicles fitted with tank(s) for carrying firefighting
liquids, with the tank(s) at half capacity (±50 l).
Calculation e.g. computer modelling, may be used as an alternative to functional testing. The calculation
method shall be validated by functional testing for each category of vehicle, comparing the two results
obtained. If the difference between the two results is less than 5 % then the calculation method shall be
acceptable.
4.1.1.5 Dynamic stability
4.1.1.5.1 Stability during braking
During braking, the vehicle shall not deviate from its course by more than 20 % of its width to either side.
Verification
During the following test, precautions should be taken to prevent complete loss of vehicle stability, e.g.
by checking brake performance at speeds lower than the test speed before carrying out the test as
specified.
The vehicle, including brakes, shall be at normal working temperature at the beginning of the tests.
When travelling at 40 km/h, bring the vehicle to a halt by emergency braking. Repeat the test at a speed
of 60 km/h.
During the test, the driver shall not influence the natural path taken by the vehicle other than to avoid
a potential accident by allowing hands to remain on the steering wheel.
The test is satisfactory if the maximum deviation from a straight line complies with this requirement.
4.1.1.5.2 Gradient capability
At gross laden mass, vehicles of categories 2 and 3 shall comply with the gradient capability given in
Table 2.
Table 2 — Gradient capability values
Mass class
(see L (Light) M (Medium) S (Super)
EN 1846-1:2011)
Category
2 3 2 3 2 3
(see
(rural) (all terrain) (rural) (all terrain) (rural) (all terrain)
EN 1846-1:2011)
gradient capability
≥ 17 ≥ 27 ≥ 17 ≥ 27 ≥ 17 ≥ 27
P (°)
Verification
Conduct these tests on a slope of consistent gradient, the angle of which depends on the category and
mass class of the vehicle as defined in Table 2. The slope shall have a non-slip surface.
Drive the vehicle forwards up the gradient, stop at the mid-point. Apply the installed system other than
the service brake and check that the vehicle remains stationary. Continue to drive the vehicle to the top
of the gradient and turn the vehicle.
Drive the vehicle forwards down the gradient, stop at the mid-point. Apply the installed system other
than the service brake and check that the vehicle remains stationary. Reverse the vehicle back up to the
top of the gradient.
In addition, for category 3, drive the vehicle down the gradient in any chosen gear not exceeding
10 km/h, without the use of any braking system acting directly on the road wheels, checking that the
descent is completed without the engine speed exceeding its normal operating limits. Secondary devices
such as engine and/or transmission retarders, exhaust brakes, may be used during this test.
Carry out additional tests on categories 2 and 3 vehicles fitted with tank(s) for carrying firefighting
liquids, with the tank(s) at half capacity (±50 l).
4.1.1.6 Main power supply
It shall not be possible to move the vehicle from another place than from the driving position.
Where there is a Power Take Off (PTO) fitted, the speed of which can be higher than that permitted for
the equipment to be connected, there shall be provision for keeping the speed of the PTO within the
permissible limits.
If manual adjustment is required, control devices shall be located at the operating position (see 3.14).
Verification
By measurement and functional test.
4.1.1.7 Driven components
Access to dangerous moving parts shall be eliminated by design or when this is not possible prevented
by distance in accordance with EN ISO 13857:2019, or by guarding in accordance with
EN ISO 14120:2015 and EN ISO 13857:2019.
When PTO operation is only intended with stationary vehicle an interlocking system shall prevent any
travel movement of the vehicle with engaged PTO, and prevent PTO operation unless the vehicle is
stationary.
For vehicles designed for PTO operation while moving, moving the vehicle with PTO in operation, shall
require two independent actions by the driver or, as an alternative, a clear indication shall be provided
to the driver that the PTO is in operation. The indicator shall be positioned close to the area of the driver's
natural line of sight (zone A or B as specified in EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008).
Verification
By visual verification, measurement and functional test.
4.1.1.8 Axle loading
The minimum and maximum permitted axle loads shall be in accordance with the values specified by the
chassis manufacturer in all load conditions.
Verification
By measurement and recording of each axle load under the following conditions:
— unladen mass (see 3.1);
— gross laden mass (GLM) (see 3.2).
NOTE Partial calculation can be made with reference to the unladen mass.
4.1.1.9 Provisions for tyre pressure control
Equipment shall be installed or supplied with the vehicle making it possible to inflate, deflate and check
the tyre pressure of M.3 and S.3 vehicles (see EN 1846-1:2011) when stationary.
Verification
By visual verification and functional test.
4.1.1.10 Reversing of vehicle
Vehicles designed to use permanently installed equipment while reversing and where the driver has no
visibility to the zone immediately behind it (e.g. with mirrors or indirect vision system) shall be fitted
with one of the following:
— a device for detecting the presence of a person behind the vehicle when a reverse movement is to be
started, or
— an
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