EN ISO 13947:2024
(Main)Metallic powders - Test method for the determination of non-metallic inclusions in metal powders using a powder-forged specimen (ISO 13947:2024)
Metallic powders - Test method for the determination of non-metallic inclusions in metal powders using a powder-forged specimen (ISO 13947:2024)
This document specifies a metallographic test method for determining the non-metallic inclusion level in metal powders using a powder-forged specimen. This test method is applicable to repress powder-forged test specimens in which there has been minimal lateral flow (<1 %). The core region of the powder-forged test specimen must not contain porosity detectable at 100x magnification.
This test method can also be applied to determine the non-metallic inclusion content of powder-forged steel parts. However, in parts where there has been a significant amount of material flow, the near-neighbour separation distance needs to be changed, or the inclusion sizes agreed between the parties need to be adjusted.
This test method is not applicable for determining the non-metallic inclusion level of parts that have been forged such that the core region contains porosity. At the magnification used for this test method, residual porosity is hard to distinguish from inclusions. Too much residual porosity makes a meaningful assessment of the inclusion population impossible.
This test method can also be applied to materials that contain manganese sulphide (admixed or prealloyed), provided the near-neighbour separation distance is changed from 30 µm to 15 µm.
Metallpulver - Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung von nichtmetallischen Einschlüssen in Metallpulvern anhand einer pulvergeschmiedeten Probe (ISO 13947:2024)
Poudres métalliques - Méthode d’essai permettant de déterminer la teneur en inclusions non métalliques dans les poudres métalliques à l’aide d’une éprouvette frittée-forgée (ISO 13947:2024)
Le présent document spécifie une méthode d’essai métallographique permettant de déterminer la teneur en inclusions non métalliques dans les poudres métalliques à l’aide d’une éprouvette frittée-forgée. La méthode d’essai est applicable aux éprouvettes frittées-forgées par recompression dans lesquelles s’est produit un écoulement latéral minime (< 1 %). Le cœur de l’éprouvette frittée-forgée ne doit pas présenter de porosité détectable à un grossissement de 100 X.
Cette méthode d’essai peut également être utilisée pour déterminer la teneur en inclusions non métalliques dans les pièces d’acier frittées-forgées. Toutefois, pour les pièces présentant un écoulement de matériau significatif, soit la distance de séparation du proche voisin requiert une modification soit les tailles des inclusions convenues entre les parties requièrent un ajustement.
Cette méthode d’essai ne permet pas de déterminer la teneur en inclusions non métalliques des pièces frittées-forgées de telle sorte que leur cœur présente de la porosité. Avec le grossissement utilisé dans cette méthode d’essai, la porosité résiduelle est difficile à distinguer des inclusions. Trop de porosité résiduelle rend impossible l’évaluation significative de la population d’inclusions.
Cette méthode d’essai peut aussi s’appliquer aux matériaux contenant du sulfure de manganèse (comme adjuvant ou en préalliage), sous réserve que la distance de séparation du proche voisin soit réduite de 30 µm à 15 µm.
Kovinski prah - Preskusna metoda za določanje nekovinskih delcev v kovinskih praških z uporabo kovanega vzorca (ISO 13947:2024)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2025
Kovinski prah - Preskusna metoda za določanje nekovinskih delcev v kovinskih
praških z uporabo kovanega vzorca (ISO 13947:2024)
Metallic powders - Test method for the determination of non-metallic inclusions in metal
powders using a powder- forged specimen (ISO 13947:2024)
Metallpulver - Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung von nichtmetallischen Einschlüssen in
Metallpulvern anhand einer pulvergeschmiedeten Probe (ISO 13947:2024)
Poudres métalliques - Méthode d’essai relative à la détermination des inclusions non
métalliques dans les poudres métalliques à l’aide d’une éprouvette frittée-forgée (ISO
13947:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13947:2024
ICS:
77.160 Metalurgija prahov Powder metallurgy
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 13947
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 77.160
English Version
Metallic powders - Test method for the determination of
non-metallic inclusions in metal powders using a powder-
forged specimen (ISO 13947:2024)
Poudres métalliques - Méthode d'essai permettant de Metallpulver - Prüfverfahren zur Bestimmung von
déterminer la teneur en inclusions non métalliques nichtmetallischen Einschlüssen in Metallpulvern
dans les poudres métalliques à l'aide d'une éprouvette anhand einer pulvergeschmiedeten Probe (ISO
frittée-forgée (ISO 13947:2024) 13947:2024)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 November 2024.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13947:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 13947:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 "Powder
metallurgy" in collaboration with CCMC.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2025, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13947:2024 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 13947:2024 without any modification.
International
Standard
ISO 13947
Third edition
Metallic powders — Test method for
2024-11
the determination of non-metallic
inclusions in metal powders using a
powder-forged specimen
Poudres métalliques — Méthode d’essai permettant de
déterminer la teneur en inclusions non métalliques dans les
poudres métalliques à l’aide d’une éprouvette frittée-forgée
Reference number
ISO 13947:2024(en) © ISO 2024
ISO 13947:2024(en)
© ISO 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 13947:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Significance and use . 3
6 Apparatus . 3
6.1 Metallographic microscope .3
7 Test piece . 3
8 Procedure . 4
8.1 Preparation of specimens .4
8.2 Measurement of non-metallic inclusion content .4
9 Test report . 4
10 Precision and bias . 5
Bibliography . 6
iii
ISO 13947:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy, Subcommittee SC 2,
Sampling and testing methods for powders (including powders for hardmetals), in collaboration with the
European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Board, in accordance with the Agreement on
technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 13947:2011), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— added option of hardening by quenching directly after forging.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
International Standard ISO 13947:2024(en)
Metallic powders — Test method for the determination of
non-metallic inclusions in metal powders using a powder-
forged specimen
WARNING — This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 Scope
This document specifies a metallographic test method for determining the non-metallic inclusion level in
metal powders using a powder-forged specimen. This test method is applicable to repress powder-forged
test specimens in which there has been minimal lateral flow (<1 %). The core region of the powder-forged
test specimen must not contain porosity detectable at 100x magnification.
This test method can also be applied to determine the non-metallic inclusion content of powder-forged steel
parts. However, in parts where there has been a significant amount of material flow, the near-neighbour
separation distance needs to be changed, or the inclusion sizes agreed between the parties need to be
adjusted.
This test method is not applicable for determining the non-metallic inclusion level of parts that have been
forged such that the core region contains porosity. At the magnification used for this test method, residual
porosity is hard to distinguish from inclusions. Too much residual porosity makes a meaningful assessment
of the inclusion population impossible.
This test method can also be applied to materials that contain manganese sulphide (admixed or prealloyed),
provided the near-neighbour separation distance is changed from 30 µm to 15 µm.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited
...
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