FprEN 14404-1

Personal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work in the kneeling position - Part 1: Test methods

This document specifies the test methods for knee protectors intended to protect the knee while working in a kneeling position.
This document does not apply to knee protectors that are medical devices or are intended for sports and motorcycles.

Persönliche Schutzausrüstung - Knieschutz für Arbeiten in kniender Haltung - Teil 1: Prüfverfahren

Dieses Dokument legt die Prüfverfahren für Knieschützer fest, die zum Schutz des Knies während des Arbeitens in kniender Haltung vorgesehen sind.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Knieschützer, die ein Medizinprodukt oder für Sport und Motorräder vorgesehen sind.

Équipements de protection individuelle - Protecteurs de genoux pour le travail à genoux - Partie 1 : Méthodes d'essai

Le présent document spécifie les méthodes d’essai relatives aux protecteurs de genoux destinés à protéger les genoux lors du travail à genoux.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux protecteurs de genoux qui sont des dispositifs médicaux ou sont destinés aux sports et aux motos.

Osebna varovalna oprema - Ščitniki za kolena za delo v klečečem položaju - 1. del: Preskusne metode

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 27-Feb-2023
• ICS: 13.340.50 - Leg and foot protection
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 162 - Protective clothing including hand and arm protection and lifejackets
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 162/WG 5 - Resistance to mechanical impact of protective clothing
• Current Stage: 6055 - CEN Ratification completed (DOR) - Publishing
• Start Date: 20-Jun-2022
• Due Date: 28-Jan-2021
• Completion Date: 20-Jun-2022
• Directive: 2016/425 - Regulation (EU) 2016/425 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 2016 on personal protective equipment and repealing Council Directive 89/686/EEC
• Ref Project: kSIST FprEN 14404-1:2022 - Personal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work in the kneeling position - Part 1: Test methods

Relations

• Revises: EN 14404:2004+A1:2010 - Personal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work in the kneeling position
• Effective Date: 18-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 14404-1:2019
01-maj-2019

2VHEQDYDURYDOQDRSUHPDâþLWQLNL]DNROHQD]DGHORYNOHþHþHPSRORåDMXGHO

3UHVNXVQHPHWRGH

Personal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work in the kneeling Position – Part

1: Test methods

Persönliche Schutzausrüstung - Knieschutz für Arbeiten in kniender Haltung - Teil 1:

Prüfverfahren

Équipements de protection individuelle - Protection des genoux pour le travail à genoux -

Partie 1 : Méthodes d'essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14404-1
ICS:
13.340.50 Varovanje nog in stopal Leg and foot protection
oSIST prEN 14404-1:2019 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 14404-1:2019
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 14404-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2019
ICS 13.340.50 Will supersede EN 14404:2004+A1:2010
English Version
Personal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work
in the kneeling Position - Part 1: Test methods

Équipements de protection individuelle - Protection Persönliche Schutzausrüstung - Knieschutz für

des genoux pour le travail à genoux - Partie 1 : Arbeiten in kniender Haltung - Teil 1: Prüfverfahren

Méthodes d'essais

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee

CEN/TC 162.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations

which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other

language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC

Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

Turkey and United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are

aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without

notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels

© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14404-1:2019 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 6

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 6

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 6

4 Test methods .................................................................................................................................................... 7

4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 7

4.2 Preparation of the test specimens ............................................................................................................ 7

4.2.1 Cleansing of the garments/ Dimensional change of garments ....................................................... 7

4.2.2 Condition atmosphere ................................................................................................................................... 7

4.2.3 Testing atmosphere........................................................................................................................................ 7

4.3 Examination ...................................................................................................................................................... 7

4.3.1 Visual and tactile examination ................................................................................................................... 7

4.3.2 Sizes and dimension ....................................................................................................................................... 7

4.3.3 Dimension test for shaped, interoperable knee pad using the test pocket ............................... 8

4.3.4 Thickness of interoperable knee pad ...................................................................................................... 9

4.4 Penetration resistance .................................................................................................................................. 9

4.5 Force distribution ........................................................................................................................................ 10

4.5.1 Apparatus ........................................................................................................................................................ 10

4.5.2 Test sequence ................................................................................................................................................ 13

4.6 Peak transmitted force (“Impact test”) ................................................................................................ 14

4.6.1 Apparatus ........................................................................................................................................................ 14

4.6.2 Procedure........................................................................................................................................................ 15

4.7 Restraint testing ........................................................................................................................................... 16

4.7.1 Knee protector Type 1 ................................................................................................................................ 16

4.7.2 Knee protector type 2 ................................................................................................................................. 16

4.8 Water resistance ........................................................................................................................................... 17

4.8.1 Type 1 ............................................................................................................................................................... 17

4.8.2 Type 2 ............................................................................................................................................................... 17

4.8.3 Type 3 ............................................................................................................................................................... 17

4.8.4 Type 4 ............................................................................................................................................................... 17

4.9 Bend test for interoperable padding ..................................................................................................... 17

4.10 Ergonomic testing ........................................................................................................................................ 18

4.10.1 Ergonomic test for performance level 0 and 1 .................................................................................. 18

4.10.2 Ergonomic test for performance level 1U and 2 ............................................................................... 18

4.10.3 Ergonomic test for interoperable kneepad ........................................................................................ 19

4.11 Compliance of straps ................................................................................................................................... 19

Annex A (informative) Rationale ......................................................................................................................... 21

A.1 Protection zone ............................................................................................................................................. 21

A.1.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................. 21

A.1.2 Minimum width of the protection zone ................................................................................................ 21

A.1.3 Minimum length of the protection zone............................................................................................... 21

A.1.4 Extended protection zone ......................................................................................................................... 21

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A.1.5 Extended protection zone for knee mats ............................................................................................. 22

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 23

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European foreword

This document (prEN 14404-1:2019) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 162

“Protective clothing including hand and arm protection and life jackets”, the secretariat of which is held

by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 14404:2004+A1:2010.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the

European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Regulation (2016/425).

For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this

document.

This document “Personal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work in the kneeling position” is

split into 6 parts:
— Part 1: Test methods
— Part 2: Requirements for wearable knee protectors (type 1)
— Part 3: Requirements for the combination of knee pads and garments (type 2)

— Part 4: Requirements for the combination of interoperable knee pads and garments (type 2)

— Part 5: Requirements for knee mats (type 3)
— Part 6: Requirements for kneeling systems (type 4)
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Introduction

Kneeling is a frequently occurring working position, but one which is problematic from an occupational

health viewpoint. Without knee protectors, workers may suffer immediate injuries from hard surfaces

and small stones and similar objects lying on the surfaces. However, no knee protector can ensure that

workers will not suffer medical complications if they are required to kneel for long periods.

It is important that knee protectors do not compromise venous drainage in the leg while kneeling or

standing up. Therefore, it is important that it is easy for workers to change position and to stand up to

re-establish a normal blood circulation at frequent intervals while wearing knee protectors.

Work in a kneeling position involves the risk of chronic diseases such as prepatellar bursitis and

cartilage injuries caused by continuous pressure on the knees. Knee protection is therefore

recommended for all work in the kneeling position. The protection should distribute forces evenly and

prevent small hard objects on the ground causing injuries. Many workers have pre-existing damage to

their knees, particularly to their cartilages from sports injuries and from previous work. These injuries

will be made worse by further kneeling. Wearing knee protectors cannot correct existing damage, but

should slow down further damaging effects.

Work in a kneeling position may expose the skin of the shins, knees and thighs to toxic and corrosive

materials normally kept off the body while walking and standing by waterproof or water-resistant

footwear. Knee protectors and trousers for use with such wet materials and particularly wet cement,

should take this into account and provide adequate protection, as does footwear.
For working in kneeling position exist 4 types of knee protectors:
— wearable knee protectors (type 1),
— knee pads in combination with garments (type 2),
— knee mats (type 3) and
— kneeling systems (type 4)

This document describes test methods, specifies requirements for knee protectors and defines

performance levels. Requirements for the marking of knee protectors and the information to be

supplied by the manufacturer are given. Where protection against additional hazards is claimed,

performance requirements from other applicable standards may also be applied.

This document does not apply to knee protectors that are medical devices or are intended for sports

and motorcycles.
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1 Scope

This document specifies the test methods for knee protectors intended for use by work in kneeling

position.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 863:1995, Protective clothing - Mechanical properties - Test method: Puncture resistance

prEN 14404-2:2019, Personal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work in the kneeling position –

Part 2: Requirements for wearable knee protectors (type 1)

prEN 14404-3:2019, Personal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work in the kneeling position –

Part 3: Requirements for the combination of knee pads and garments (type 2)

prEN 14404-4:2019, Personal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work in the kneeling position –

Part 4: Requirements for the combination of interoperable knee pads and garments (type 2)

prEN 14404-5:2019, Personal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work in the kneeling position –

Part 5: Requirements for knee mats (type 3)

prEN 14404-6:2019, Personal protective equipment - Knee protectors for work in the kneeling position –

Part 6: Requirements for kneeling systems (type 4)

EN ISO 5084:1996, Textiles - Determination of thickness of textiles and textile products (ISO 5084:1996)

EN ISO 13688, Protective clothing - General requirements (ISO 13688)
ISO 4014, Hexagon head bolts — Product grades A and B
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in prEN 14404-2, prEN 14404-3,

prEN 14404-4, prEN 14404-5 and prEN 14404-6 apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
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4 Test methods
4.1 General

Measuring instruments unless otherwise specified shall be accurate to ± 2 % of the pass/fail level of the

characteristic being measured.
The test specimen shall at least attain the required requirement value.
4.2 Preparation of the test specimens
4.2.1 Cleansing of the garments/ Dimensional change of garments

The cleansing of the garments shall be done according to the description in EN ISO 13688.

4.2.2 Condition atmosphere

Unused knee protectors (and garments) shall be conditioned for at least 24 h at a temperature of

(20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 4) % prior to testing.
4.2.3 Testing atmosphere

The tests shall be carried out at (20 ± 2) °C or within 30 min after removal from the conditioning

atmosphere.
4.3 Examination
4.3.1 Visual and tactile examination

Knee protectors shall be examined visually and by hand to locate any hard or sharp edges, seams,

buckles, or other items that might injure the user or others during normal use. Documents supplied by

the manufacturer shall be examined to determine whether the claim that the materials are suitable for

use in protective garments and equipment is justified.
4.3.2 Sizes and dimension

The dimensions of the product, the defined zone of protection of the restraint systems and settings shall

be measured with suitable measuring tapes or other devices. Curved areas shall be determined in their

unwound projection length and width within the inner edges of the knee protector. The shape of the

minimum protection zone is shown in Figure 1 (top view). The results shall be recorded in the test

report.

All sizes shall be examined to determine whether their construction appears to provide similar

protection throughout the required zone of protection. At least one knee protector shall be taken apart

to verify its construction. Areas with seemingly reduced protection shall be marked for the mechanical

test so that tests occur there.
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Key
l Length of the zone of protection
l Width of the zone of protection
r1 Radius of curvature of a proximal (upper) corner of a knee protector
r2 Radius of curvature of a distal (lower) corner of a knee protector
a) Type 1 knee protector
b) Type 2 knee protector
Figure 1 — Shapes of the zones of protection of knee protectors
4.3.3 Dimension test for shaped, interoperable knee pad using the test pocket
The shaped, interoperable knee pad has to fit into the test pocket.
The inner dimensions of the test pocket have to be:
Length: (265 ± 1) mm
Width: (175 ± 1) mm as described in Figure 2
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265 ± 1 mm
Figure 2 — Picture of test pocket

The woven fabric of the test pocket shall be made of the same material and shall be non-stretchable.

NOTE A 100 % Polyamide woven fabric covered with a PU-coating with a mass per unit area of about

265 g/m has been found suitable.

The pocket has to be a separate unit that is not sewed up a trouser leg or other clothes. Three sides of

the test pocket has to be sewn up, the top width side has to be open. The seams shall be at the nooks.

The test will fail, when the knee pad
— does not fit into the pocket,
— protrudes at the opening of the pocket,

— only fits in, when the pad is deformed at its end position so, that it will fold together while pressing

the main sides (Length x Width) together.
4.3.4 Thickness of interoperable knee pad
The thickness of interoperable knee pad shall be tested as per EN ISO 5084:1996.
4.4 Penetration resistance

The penetration resistance shall be measured according to EN 863 at a velocity of (100 ± 10) mm/min.

The test spike shall be applied to the outer face of the knee protector so that the spike can reach the

zone of protection. Five tests shall be made distributed throughout the zone of protection of the knee

protector, including potentially weak points.

For type 1 knee protectors the zone to be tested is restricted to the orthogonal projection area of the

zone of protection.
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Key
1 Zone of protection
2 Orthogonal projection of the protection zone
Figure 3 — Orthogonal projection of the protection zone
4.5 Force distribution
4.5.1 Apparatus
4.5.1.1 Test knee
A test knee shall be used. It shall be made out of hard plastics, wood or metal.
NOTE The IFA test knee “Kandy” (formerly BGIA test knee) is suitable.

The test knee is illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. It shall be equipped with three force transducers placed

as shown in Figures 2 and 3. The surface of the transducers shall be shaped to match the surface of the

“Kandy” knee at the points where they are inserted. The surfaces shall follow the profile of the original

“Kandy” knee with a tolerance of ± 0.5 mm. The transducers shall have the dimensions shown in

Figure 4. The force transducers shall be connected to a recording system. The overall accuracy of the

system shall be ± 1 N.

An even horizontal test surface shall be used to support a knee protector for the test. This forms the

horizontal plane. The test knee shall be attached to the cross head of a compression tester. The test

knee shall be aligned so that the transducers A and C shown in Figure 3 exhibit the same distance to the

horizontal plane.
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a) Top view of the
test knee (front view of
the medial side of the
left knee and upper
shin).
b) Schematic side
view of the test knee
(medial view of the left
knee and upper shin)
Key
1 A force transducer

2 The centre of the face of the middle force transducer. This is the lowest point of the test knee

3 The direction down the shin towards the ankle
4 The inclined plane
5 The horizontal plane (even test surface)
6 and 7 idealised contact points with the inclined plane

8 Designation of the force transducers (A=upper (front); B=middle; C=lower (rear))

l Distance to the orientation between 6 and 7 about (170 ± 30) mm

Figure 4 — Shape of the test knee “Kandy” with the positions of the force transducers shown

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Key
1 Force transducer

l Limiting dimension for the height difference between the top sides of the force transducers and the surface of

the “Kandy” test knee, ± 0.5 mm
l2 Distance between the centres of the force transducers, (28 ± 2) mm
l3 Diameter of the force transducers, (10 ± 0.1) mm
r Radius of curvature of the corners of the force transducers, (1.0 ± 0.1) mm

Figure 5 — Dimensions of force transducers and their relationship to the test knee surface

4.5.1.2 Uneven surface

The uneven surface comprises a support plate (non-deforming wooden board or comparable material)

on which M8 bolts are attached introduced from below (underside) and symmetrically offset. These are

secured by a nut on the upper side. The hexagon bolts with shaft shall correspond to ISO 4014.

The screw thread with the nut protrudes over the support plate. The screw thread shall protrude over

the nut by 8 mm ± 1 mm (see Figure 4). The axial spacing of the screws shall correspond to the axial

spacing of the transducers of the knee, i.e. (28 ± 2) mm. The support plate shall be large enough so that

it can be fixed against movement for the test progression.

A plate formed corresponding to these specifications shall be used for the ergonomics test. The size of

the plate shall be minimum 20 cm in width and 40 cm in length. The bolts shall be attached offset over

the entire area.
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Key
1 Support plate
2 Hexagon bolt ISO 4014
3 Fastening nut
4 Underside
5 Upper side
l Distance of the transducers from 6.6.6.1, (28 ± 2) mm
1/2 l Offset of the bolts
Figure 6 — Test plate with uneven surface
4.5.2 Test sequence
4.5.2.1 Even surface

Place the test specimen so that the test knee presses into it at a position similar to where a user’s knee

would be. If restraint via elements present on the knee protector is not possible, a position fixing can be

made.

Move forwards the test knee with a speed of (50 ± 5) mm/min until a total force of (750 ± 10) N is

reached. Retain this force for (20 ± 2) s. Measure the resultant force at each of the transducers (A, B, C)

and record the values that are measured (15 ± 1) s after reaching 750 N.
Record the highest force measured by each transducer (A, B, C).
Three test specimens (knee protectors) shall be tested.
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Calculate the mean of the results for every transducer (A, B, C).
4.5.2.2 Uneven surface

Instead of the even surface, the uneven surface according to 5.6.1.2 is used. The hexagon bolts shown in

Figure 4 on the upper side are aligned under the test knee in such way that these progress exactly

below the transducers (A, B, C). The protector to be tested shall be placed so that the test knee will

press into it at a position similar to where a user’s knee would be. If restraint via elements present on

the knee protector is not possible, a position fixing can be made.

The test knee is moved forwards with a feed of (50 ± 5) mm/min until a total force of (750 ± 10) N is

reached. This force shall be retained for (20 ± 2) s. The resultant force at each of the transducers (A, B,

C) shall be measured and the values that are measured (15 ± 1) s after reaching 750 N shall be

recorded. The highest force measured by each transducer (A, B, C) shall be recorded. Three knee

protectors shall be tested. The mean of the results for every transducer (A, B, C) shall be calculated.

The result of this examination shall be recorded in the test report.
4.6 Peak transmitted force (“Impact test”)
4.6.1 Apparatus

Knee protectors shall be impact-tested with a falling mass in a vertical guidance system that allows the

terminal velocity of the falling mass to be measured and to be within ± 2 % of the required velocity. The

total mass shall be (2 500 ± 100) g including a flat faced steel striker (80 ± 1) mm in diameter.

The drop heights of the mass above the top surface of the knee protector shall be adjusted so that the

impact velocities achieve an impact energy of 5J with an accuracy of ± 5 %.

The anvil as shown in Figure 5 shall consist of a vertical steel cylinder (100 ± 2) mm in diameter

mounted directly onto a load cell or force transducer, such as a piezo-electric load cell. The anvil shall

have a hemispherical (50 ± 1) mm radius at the upper end. The anvil shall have a height of at least

(220 ± 20) mm. The anvil shall be made of steel and the mass above the load cell shall be (10 ± 1.5) kg.

The anvil and load cell shall be bolted or clamped to a concrete or similar solid base of at least 1 000 kg.

The frequency response of the load transducer shall be at least 10 kHz. The recording system shall show

a continuous force with time, or shall have a peak force detection capability. Sampling systems shall

have a minimum rate of 10 kHz. The complete system shall be able to measure forces up to 10 kN with

an accuracy of ± 0,05 kN between 1 kN and 10 kN.

If restraint via elements present on the knee protector is not technically possible, a position fixing with

straps or adhesive tape can be made.
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Key
1 load cell or force transducer
l1 Height of the anvil, (220 ± 20) mm
l Diameter of the anvil, (100 ± 2) mm
r1 Radius of curvature of the anvil, (50 ± 1) mm
Figure 5 — Impact test anvil
4.6.2 Procedure

Test specimens shall be prepared from knee protectors that have had the minimum dimensions of the

zones of protection marked on their outer surface. If necessary the protectors shall be cut up and straps

removed so that the protector can be placed with its inner surface in contact with the anvil. The elastic

straps shall be used to hold it in place. If the product loses its integrity on being cut up, the cut edges

shall be bound with adhesive tape to retain the normal relationship between the components of the

product.

If the construction of the knee protector is similar throughout the zone of protection, five impact test

sites shall be marked on the protector. The centres of impacts shall be not less than 60 mm apart, nor

less than 30 mm from the edge of the zone of protection marked on the test specimen. If these distances

cannot be complied with, owing to the dimensions of the knee protector, a uniform distance between

the impact areas may be determined and specified.

If areas with different constructions, or areas possibly providing reduced protection were noted in the

examination according to 5.4.3, two additional impact sites shall be marked on each type of these areas.

Each marked impact site shall be tested in the same way. The pr
...